Channel service unit
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In telecommunications, a channel service unit (CSU) is a line bridging device that (a) is used to perform loop-back testing, (b) may perform bit stuffing, (c) may also provide a framing and formatting pattern compatible with the network, and (d) is the last signal regeneration point, on the loop side, coming from the central office, before the regenerated signal reaches a multiplexer or data terminal equipment (DTE).
Source: from Federal Standard 1037C
See also: CSU/DSU