Autistic savant
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An autistic savant (more commonly known as an idiot savant) is a person who expresses extraordinary mental abilities, often in the fields of numerical calculation (not to be confused with mathematics) (see also mental calculator), art, or music but usually set within the context of autism or mental retardation.
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Abilities
When one has an extraordinary single skill in an otherwise unexceptional intellect, he or she may simply be described as a savant, without qualifier, although savant is usually meant to mean a person of learning, especially one of great knowledge in a particular subject, without remarking on the person's overall state of intellect.
It is a rare phenomenon which occurs in some autistic people and/or people with certain developmental disorders. Some people have acquired savant-like abilities after suffering from head injuries.
Autistic savantism is usually recognised during childhood and is often but not always found in autistic children. However it is also sometimes acquired in an accident or illness, typically one that impairs the left side of the brain. There is some research that suggests that it can be induced, which might support the view that unusual savant abilities are innate within all of us but obscured by the normal functioning intellect.
Most autistic savants have very extensive mental abilities, called splinter skills. They can memorize facts, numbers, license plates, maps, and extensive lists of sports and weather statistics. Some savants can mentally note and then recall back perfectly a very long series of music, numbers, or speech.
Some other autistic savant skills include:
- lightning-fast arithmetic calculations, including finding prime factorizations
- precisely estimating distances by sight
- calculating the day of the week for any given date over the span of tens of thousands of years
- perfect perception of passing time without a clock
Why autistic savants are capable of this sort of astonishing ability is not quite clear. Some savants have obvious neurological abnormalities, but the brains of most such individuals savants are anatomically and physiologically normal.
Examples of autistic savants include Blind Tom, who had exceptional musical ability although no musical education, and Richard Wawro, who is an exceptional autistic artist.
Famous autistic savants
- Jebediah Buxton, US savant calculator
- Alonzo Clemons, US wax sculptor
- Blind Tom, blind and mentally handicapped pianist in the 1860's USA
- Tony DeBlois, US blind and autistic musician
- Jonathan Lerman, US autistic artist
- Leslie Lemke, US blind musician with brain damage
- Vito Mangiamele, Sicilian savant calculator
- Thristan Mendoza, Filipino autistic marimba prodigy
- Gottfried Mind, German autistic artist in 18th century (b. 1768)
- Hikari Oe, Japanese developmentally delayed composer
- Derek Paravicini, US blind musician with learning disability
- Kim Peek, US autistic with eidetic memory and model for Rain Man
- James Henry Pullen, British deaf-mute "Genius of Earlswood Asylum"
- Matthew Savage, US autistic jazz prodigy
- Gilles Trehin, French autistic artist and creator of the fictitious city of Urville
- Richard Wawro, Scottish autistic artist
- Stephen Wiltshire, British autistic artist
- Ben Philibain, Australian autistic savant calculator
- Daniel Tammet, UK synaesthetic high-functioning autistic savant
In movies and literature
- Rain Man starring Dustin Hoffman
- Funes, the Memorious: short novel by Jorge Luis Borges
- Being There starring Peter Sellers
- Brainman (http://science.discovery.com/schedule/episode.jsp?episode=0&cpi=111524&gid=0&channel=SCI) Daniel T. is a "super brain". He can calculate numbers to hundreds of decimal points in seconds and learn new languages in a week...
- Mercury Rising starring Bruce Willis and Miko Hughes
- Cube starring Andrew Miller
- Johnny Mnemonic written by William Gibson (novelist)
- Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time
- Per Christian Ellefsen's movie about the man Elling, of the same name.
- In the book and film, K-PAX, it is suggested that the character prot is an autistic savant who can see the night sky from anywhere in the universe.
Also to mention, The Neurologist Oliver Sacks has written a non-fiction about savantism.
See also
- Asperger's syndrome
- Autism, List of persons with autism spectrum disorders.
- List of fictional characters on the autistic spectrum
- Idiot Savants was a game show on MTV in 1996-97.
Further reading
- O'Connor N., Cowan R., & Samella K. (2000) Calendric Calculation and Intelligence. Intelligence 28, 31 ? 48.
- Pearce J.C. (1992) Evolution's end, HarperSanFrancisco, San Francisco.
- Snyder A.W. et al. (2003) Savant-like skills exposed in normal people by suppressing the left fronto-temporal lobe. J. Intergrative Neuroscience 2, 149 ? 158.
- Snyder A.W. (2001) Paradox of the savant mind. Nature 413, 251 ? 252.
- Snyder A.W., & Michell D.J. (1999) Is integer arithmetic fundamental to mental processing?: the mind's secret arithmetic? Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. 266, 587 ? 592.
- Treffert D.A. (2000) Extraordinary people, Bantom press, London.
- Treffert D.A. (1988) The Idiot Savant: A review of the Syndrome. Am. J. Psychiatry 145, 563 ? 572.
External links
- Inducing savant-like abilities in ordinary humans by applying slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left anterior temporal lobe. (http://www.dave.burt.id.au/files/jef/MajorBrainAssignmentFINAL.doc)
- Wisconsin Medical Society: Savant Syndrome (http://www.savantsyndrome.com)de:Inselbegabung