Anti-Ice
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Anti-Ice is a science fiction novel by Stephen Baxter. Published in 1993, it can be classified as an alternate history for its portrayal of 19th century Europe and the changes resulting, particularly in Britain, from an explosive scientific discovery made in the 1850s.
The novel begins with the text of a letter dated July, 1855 from the Crimean War front of Sevastopol. The writer, Ned Vicars, tells from his perspective as a soldier in the 90 Light Infantry about the visit to his commanders of one Josiah Traveller, an inventor and millionaire industrialist whose discovery in the South Pole of anti-ice, a substance which releases incredible energies when warmed, is being considered for military use. Soon after that meeting, a mushroom cloud erupts in the midst of Sevastopol and, with its attendant human and structural devastation, quickly ends the war.
This substance (which is a stable form of antimatter, due to its superconductive properties) originally fell to Earth as the residue of a comet that impacted the Moon centuries ago. Fifteen years after the war, under the reign of Edward VII (who assumed the throne after Queen Victoria abdicated due to her husband Prince Albert's death) and the prime ministership of Gladstone, the United Kingdom maintains through Traveller's discovery a monopoly on the use of anti-ice. But the energy it generates, analogous to nuclear power, is now used to power vehicles and accelerate the country's Industrial Revolution -- much to the chagrin of perennial rivals France and a yet-to-be-united Germany.
Upon docking at Ostend, the liner on which junior diplomat Ned Vickers, journalist George Holden, and Traveller arrive explodes as they inspect Traveller's experimental rocket Phaeton and are propelled upward into the air by a saboteur's firing of the anti-ice rockets. Breaking free of Earth's gravity, the Phaeton and its reluctant passengers (along with Traveller's manservant Pocket) toward Earth's two moons -- as there is now the "Little Moon", which broke off from Earth's moon when the comet originally hit it in the eighteenth century. Using the latest in 1870 technology, Vickers actually mines ice from the surface of the Moon, while encountering simple, massive creatures on its dark side. Converting the water into enough power to ascend, the explorers -- along with the saboteur, a Francophile named Bourne -- return to Britain as the Franco-Prussian War breaks out on the continent.
Gladstone meets Traveller personally and orders him forthwith to prepare anti-ice weapons for use to end the war. At first he does so, but Vicars persuades him that such a course of action is unconscionable. Too late, the two arrive in the Phaeton to see the destruction of Orléans by an anti-ice rocket. Peace is immediately declared, and the United Kingdom sets up its hegemony over Europe -- a development not without price, which Vicars notes in a 1910 letter to his son. And the supply of anti-ice, which Traveller thought was confined to the South Pole, is virtually limitless due to the "Little Moon", which is composed entirely of anti-ice! The possibilities of an early 20th century cold war are dwelt on by the narrator (Vickers) throughout the book.
The voyage of the Phaeton, about one-third of the novel, is reminiscent of the one Jules Verne describes in his 1870 novel From the Earth to the Moon.