1723 in literature
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See also: 1722 in literature, other events of 1723, 1724 in literature, list of years in literature.
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Events
- Voltaire contracts smallpox.
- The book collection of Samuel Pepys is transferred to the Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge.
New books
- Anderson's Constitutions of the Freemasons
- Elegy on the deplorable Death of Elizabeth Murray Sister to Sir William Murray of Newtoun barb'rously murdered by her Husband Thomas Kincaid younger of Gogar-Mains, March 29th 1723 (anonymous broadsheet)
- Cato's Letters by Thomas Gordon and John Trenchard
- William and Margaret (poetry) - David Mallet
- A Search into the Nature of Society - Bernard De Mandeville
- Knight of the Kirk - William Meston
- Works of John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham
New drama
Births
- February 23 - Richard Price, philosopher
- February 24 - John Burgoyne, soldier and dramatist
- June 20 - Adam Ferguson, philosopher and historian
- July 11 - Jean-François Marmontel, French novelist and dramatist (died 1799)
- July 17 - Adam Smith - Scottish economist
- September 30 - William Hutton, local historian
- November 8 - John Byron, English vice-admiral, grandfather of the poet Lord Byron (died 1786)
- November 30 - William Livingston, American politician and journalist (died 1790)
Deaths
- January 21 (or June 21) - Baron d'Holbach - philosopher, encyclopedist
- February 26 - Thomas D'Urfey, dramatist
- March 15 - Johann Christian Gunther, German poet (born 1695)
- December 1 - Susannah Centlivre, dramatist
- December 26 - Friedrich Melchior, baron von Grimm
- date unknown - Dimitrie Cantemir, first author in the Romanian language
- date unknown - Marianna Alcoforado, author of Letters of a Portuguese Nun
- date unknown - Alexander Selkirk, the inspiration for Robinson Crusoe