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  1. Percussion instrument (2859 bytes)
    8: ...tom-tom]], [[timbales]], [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]], [[vibraslap]], [[washboard]], [[whip (instrum...
    10: ...f themselves, such as the [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]]. The [[tambourine]] is both membranophone and i...
  2. List of musical instruments (9508 bytes)
    8: ...lumn of air is made to vibrate inside them. The [[frequency]] of the wave generated is related to the ...
    12: ...string is plucked, strummed, slapped, etc. The [[frequency]] of the wave generated (and therefore the...
    14: ...cal cord]]s into [[oscillation]]. The fundamental frequency is controlled by the tension of the vocal ...
    75: (not necessarily made from brass)
    90: * [[French horn]]
  3. Mars (27704 bytes)
    4: '''Mars''' is the fourth [[planet]] from the [[Sun]] in the [[solar system]]. It is name...
    6: ...#x2642; (a circle with a small arrow pointing out from behind it), is a stylized representation of the...
    15: ...en summer and winter, giving rise to Earth-like [[frost]] and large [[cirrus cloud]]s [http://marsrove...
    18: ...tic field would have helped to protect the planet from [[cosmic radiation]]. Other explanations have a...
    22: Amongst the findings from the Opportunity rover is the presence of [[hema...
  4. Neck (1960 bytes)
    1: ...]] that distinguishes the [[head (anatomy)|head]] from the [[torso]] or trunk. An anatomical descripti...
    4: ...ark; it divides the anterior triangle of the neck from the posterior. The upper part of the former co...
    6: ...in]] is smaller, and runs down about half an inch from the middle line of the neck. The [[clavicle]] ...
    7: :''(from an old encyclopedia)''
  5. Seismograph (4037 bytes)
    24: ...inged at a vertical edge. The hinge has very low friction. As the ground moves, the weight stays unm...
    34: ... hinges are sheets of brass, held in clamps. The frame is square aluminum tubing. The device senses ...
  6. Archery (18991 bytes)
    7: ...involves shooting arrows at a target for accuracy from a set distance or distances. This is the most p...
    11: ...ionale de Tir рам'Arc). Olympic rules are derived from FITA rules.
    15: ... 18 m and 25 m. Outdoor distances range from 30 m to 90 m (for senior archers, jun...
    25: ... spaced concentric rings, which have score values from 1 through 10 assigned to them. In addition, the...
    42: ...d 60cm faces arranged in a line or an equilateral triangle.
  7. Stock car racing (7372 bytes)
    5: ...n. This term was used to differentiate such a car from a ''race car'', a special, custom-built car des...
    7: ...ugh automobile dealers, and that all cars must be from a model run of which at least 500 cars of that ...
    13: Engines, whilst containing varying components from the various manufacturers who compete in the se...
    29: ...some being [[tri-oval]]s, one being essentially [[triangle|triangular]], and two of them in fact being road ...
  8. Archimedes (13735 bytes)
    1: ...ong with possibly [[Isaac Newton|Newton]], [[Carl Friedrich Gauss|Gauss]], and [[Leonhard Euler|Euler]...
    12: ...ns the length of the segment parallel to the axis from the vertex to the base. The vertex must be so ...
    20: ...]] then the second is the sum of the areas of two triangles whose bases are the two smaller secant lines in ...
    24: ...ing uniform density in their interiors, including triangles, [[paraboloid]]s, and [[hemisphere]]s. Using onl...
    26: Apart from general physics, he was an [[astronomer]], and ...
  9. Garrett A. Morgan (5956 bytes)
    2: ...st 27]], [[1963]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]) was an [[African American]] inventor who originated a respirat...
    7: ...an for a wealthy Cincinnati landowner. Like many African-Americans of his day, Morgan had to quit scho...
    17: ...ties and sororities|fraternity]] established for African Americans.
    20: ...ed the smoke masks. The invention won gold medals from the International Association of Fire Chiefs an...
    23: ...utomobile. He is reported to have been the first African American to own an [[automobile]]. It was Mor...
  10. Underground Railroad (17993 bytes)
    2: ...tury]] [[United States]] attempted to escape to [[free state]]s, or as far north as [[Canada]], with t...
    4: ...mbol of [[freedom]] and figures prominently in [[African American history]].
    10: ...y sects of mainstream denominations such as the [[Free Methodist]]s and [[American Baptist]]s. Books, ...
    21: ...g short biographies of the people, that contained frequent railway metaphors. Still maintained corres...
    23: ...t four adults and two children were sent by train from Harrisburg to Philadelphia. However, the addit...
  11. Coral reef (11599 bytes)
    4: ... [[coral]]s are major contributors to the overall framework and bulk material comprising a ''coral ree...
    10: ...reef, but more sloped; extending out and downward from a point or peninsular shore.
    11: ...nging reef''' — reef extending directly out from a shoreline, and more or less following the tre...
    12: * '''Barrier reef''' — reef separated from a mainland or island shore by a [[lagoon]]; see...
    28: ...ests]], which absorb massive amounts of nutrients from runoff caused by farming and the construction o...
  12. Softball (19057 bytes)
    1: ...hardball'' to differentiate the two), but differs from it in several ways, of which the chief four are...
    3: ...sed when the hand is below the hip and no further from the body than the elbow – while in baseba...
    19: ...ectly behind home plate. The strike zone can vary from league to league and umpire to umpire. Because ...
    30: ...re field, and which may be at different distances from home plate at the right and left field foul lin...
    32: ... cm) wide. The sides are 8.5 in (22 cm) long. The triangle fits into the right angle formed by the baselines...
  13. Philosophy (30964 bytes)
    1: The term '''philosophy''' derives from a combination of the [[Greek language|Greek]] w...
    5: ...is tradition distinct and distinct field of study from Western philosophy. This article will discusse...
    15: ...t to be beautiful? How do beautiful things differ from the everyday? What is [[Art]]?
    19: [[Image:laozi3.jpg|frame|right|[[Lao Zi]] ]]
    25: The word "philosophy" is derived from the ancient Greek (''Φιλο&#...
  14. Richard Nixon (32863 bytes)
    19: .... President to have ever [[resignation|resigned]] from office. His resignation came after a loss of p...
    22: ...tive evangelical Quaker observances as refraining from drinking, dancing and swearing.
    24: ...s of two of his brothers, one from cancer and one from a childhood accident.
    28: ...nity]] that competed with the already established Franklin Society. Nixon then went on to become the ...
    30: ...[[United States Navy]]. He could have been exempt from military service because of his Quaker religion...
  15. Nero (23127 bytes)
    2: [[Image:nero.JPG|frame|Nero]]
    32: ...n]] [[island]]s. Lucius was presumably separated from his mother at this point.
    34: ...s first decisions was the recalling of his nieces from exile.
    52: ...]], and the ''praefectus praetorianus'' [[Sextus Afranius Burrus]]. The first five years under Nero be...
    54: ... state affairs. However problems would soon arise from Nero's personal life and the increasing competi...
  16. Sacramento, California (21190 bytes)
    1: ...ramento from Riverwalk.JPG|thumb|175px|Sacramento from near the Sacramento River]]
    2: ... [[1848]] by [[John Sutter, Jr.]] Sacramento grew from [[Sutter's Fort]], which was established by Sut...
    36: === The lost frontier ===
    37: ...entiful [[oak]] trees in the region and by eating fruits, bulbs, seeds, and roots throughout the year.
    41: === From pioneers to gold fever ===
  17. Denver, Colorado (21161 bytes)
    30: ...the largest city along the [[Colorado Front Range|Front Range]] and forms the heart of the [[Denver-Au...
    32: ...rado)|Cherry Creek]], approximately fifteen miles from the foothills.
    38: ... of the plains regions along the foothills of the Front Range.
    43: ...Creek (Colorado)|Cherry Creek]], across the creek from the existing mining settlement of [[Auraria, Ka...
    47: ...ile the town grew, land parcels were often traded freely for grubstakes and in the course of gambling ...
  18. Raleigh, North Carolina (12457 bytes)
    3: ...d in [[1959]] with the creation of the [[Research Triangle Park]], a research park between Durham and Raleig...
    37: ...9.jpg|thumb|left|475px|Downtown Raleigh panorama, from [[1909]]]]
    66: ...rom [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 1.88% from two or more races. 6.99% of the population are...
    70: ..., 15.9% from 18 to 24, 36.6% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.3% who are 65 years of age or o...
    101: *Just north of the city is the [[Triangle Metro Zoo]]
  19. Mustard (7834 bytes)
    22: ...own or Indian mustard (''B. juncea''), originally from the foothills of the [[Himalaya]], is grown com...
    26: ...el similar to [[diesel]] fuel. The biodiesel made from mustard oil has good cold flow properties and [...
    28: ...ard have been observed, and is described as the [[Triangle of U]].
    32: ...and bring back to him a single mustard seed taken from a house where no person had died. [[Jesus]]'s p...
    34: ... occurs between an [[enzyme]] and a [[glucoside]] from the seeds, resulting in the production of the o...
  20. Siachen glacier (3348 bytes)
    1: ...ri in the Karakoram range and the altitudes range from 18,000 to 24,000 ft. The major passes on this r...
    7: ...ons arrived on the glacier with a permit obtained from the Government of Pakistan. Operation [[Meghdoo...
    9: ...] district. The battle zone comprised an inverted triangle resting on NJ 9842 with [[Indira]] Col and the [[...
  21. Tangram (4661 bytes)
    7: * 5 [[triangle]]s of various sizes,
    19: The English word is built from TANG + GRAM.
    21: [[Image:Tangram-man.png|framed|right]]
    33: *''Adventure of the Beutiful Princess in Triangle Land'', F. Gregory Hartswick, Siman & Schuster Pu...
    37: *''Geometry and Fractions with Tangrams'', Barbara Bando Irvin
  22. Inca Empire (25571 bytes)
    4: ...as killed on the orders of the [[Conquistador]] [[Francisco Pizarro]], marking the beginning of [[Span...
    11: The foreign name '''Inca Empire''' is derived from the word '''Inca''', which means "[[Emperor]]."...
    19: ... ordered Manco Capac and [[Mama Ocllo]] to emerge from the depths of [[Lake Titicaca]] and found the c...
    42: ... often needed to talk his way out of potential confrontations that could have easily wiped out his par...
    82: ...in a [[ceremony]] to mark their [[manhood]]. Boys from noble families were subjected to many different...
  23. Babylon (9716 bytes)
    4: ...k form of ''[[Babel]],'' which is derived in turn from the [[Semitic]] form ''bab-Illu'', meaning "The...
    8: ...l of [[Hammurabi]]'s empire ([[18th century BC]]) From this time onward it continued to be the capital...
    43: ...ical knowledge of Babylon's topography is derived from the classical writers, the inscriptions of Nebu...
    45: ...bylon Ruins Marines.jpg|thumb|200px|US Marines in front of the rebuilt ruins of Babylon (2003)]]
    48: ...und on the N. and E. sides, while a third forms a triangle with the S.E. angle of the other two. W. of the [...
  24. Shadow mask (2096 bytes)
    1: ... for each [[pixel]] are generally arranged in a [[triangle|triangular]] shape (sometimes called a "[[triad (...
    5: ...ess and damage to the shadow mask that can result from repeated expand/contract cycles, thus increasin...
  25. Sulfur (18059 bytes)
    48: ...olid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is act...
    50: ...trope]]s besides S<sub>8</sub>. Removing one atom from the crown gives S<sub>7</sub>, which is respons...
    59: ...r]] and as a preservative in [[wine]] and dried [[fruit]]. Because of its flammable nature, sulfur als...
    62: ...]]-like process. Sulfur is absorbed by [[plant]]s from soil as the [[sulfate]] [[ion]]. Inorganic sul...
    65: ...dards increasingly require sulfur to be extracted from [[fossil fuel]]s to prevent the formation of ac...
  26. Cymbal (7449 bytes)
    9: ...simo. Cymbals are specially suited for suggesting frenzy, fury or bacchanalian revels, as in the Venus...
    17: ...illed player can obtain an enormous dynamic range from such a pair of cymbals. For example, in [[Beeth...
    21: ...ogether contribute to both very low and very high frequency ranges and provide a satisfying "crash-ban...
    23: Clash cymbals evolved into the [[low-sock]] and from this to the modern [[hi-hat]]. Even in a modern...
    29: ...lude scraping a coin or a [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]] beater rapidly across the ridges on the top of ...
  27. Triangle (instrument) (2713 bytes)
    2: ...orners by a piece of thin wire or gut, leaving it free to vibrate. It is usually struck with a metal b...
    4: ... it being used in [[folk music|folk bands]]. Some triangles have jingling rings along the lower side.
    6: ...gle, these early instruments were often isosceles triangles.
    8: ...piece to make the triangle really prominent was [[Franz Liszt]]'s Piano Concerto No. 1, where it is us...
    10: ...onary of Music and Musicians]]'' writes that "the triangle is by no means a simple instrument to play". In t...
  28. Chemical bond (3955 bytes)
    15: ...ionic structures can be understood using theories from [[classical physics]]. However, more complicate...
    19: ... energies based on the AOs of the atoms they came from. Unlike pure ionic bonds, covalent bonds may ha...
    33: * [[Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle]]
  29. Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
    4: ...onometric]] table, which allowed him to solve any triangle. With his solar and lunar theories and his numer...
    8: ...om [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural Histo...
    14: ...st observations. Hipparchus obtained information from [[Alexandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it i...
    18: ...tes observations to him from Rhodes in the period from [[141 BC]] to [[127 BC]].
    20: ...mentioned about 14 books, but which is only known from references by later authors. His famous star c...
  30. Pacific Ocean (14615 bytes)
    3: ...approximately [[1 E7 m|19,800 km]] (12,300 miles) from [[Indonesia]] to the coast of [[Colombia]]. The...
    9: ...agellan]] named the ocean. For most of his voyage from the [[Straits of Magellan]] to the [[Philippine...
    18: ...]] and [[phillipsite]]. Pelagic sediments derived from seawater include pelagic red clays and the skel...
    26:
    36: ...iderable cloudiness, light fluctuating winds, and frequent calms.
  31. Tobacco (28162 bytes)
    14: ... whose roots are unclear; it is thought to derive from the [[Native American]] word "tabago," for a Y-...
    16: ...f of a cigar or three cigarettes; however, only a fraction of the nicotine contained in these products...
    26: ...e Americans]], and also soon led to the use of [[African slaves]] for cheap labor.
    28: ... the colony's first black slaves as well as women from England in [[1619]].
    39: ...ed with branches to protect the young plants from frost damage. These plants were left to grow until a...
  32. Percussion instruments (2780 bytes)
    8: ...tom-tom]], [[timbales]], [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]], [[vibraslap]], [[washboard]], [[whip (instrum...
    10: ...f themselves, such as the [[triangle (instrument)|triangle]]. The [[tambourine]] is both membranophone and i...
  33. Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
    3: ...onometric]] table, which allowed him to solve any triangle. With his solar and lunar theories and his numer...
    7: ...om [[Strabo]]'s ''Geographia'' ("Geography"), and from [[Pliny the Elder]]'s ''[[Pliny's Natural Histo...
    13: ...st observations. Hipparchus obtained information from [[Alexandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it i...
    17: ...tes observations to him from Rhodes in the period from [[141 BC]] to [[127 BC]].
    19: ...mentioned about 14 books, but which is only known from references by later authors. His famous star c...
  34. History of science in early cultures (11033 bytes)
    3: ...rehistoric times, advice and knowledge was passed from generation to generation in an [[oral tradition...
    7: <!-- Useful resources from which to draw are http://www.worldwideschool.or...
    9: From their beginnings in [[Sumer]] (now [[Iraq]]) ar...
    11: ...n trend towards [[rational]] science, moving away from [[superstition]] and [[belief]]; the Mesopotami...
    16: ...he motions of the sun and the moon. In a treatise from the [[6th century]], a summary of five astronom...
  35. Holocaust (53541 bytes)
    6: ...estimates by historians of the exact number range from five million to over six million. Other groups ...
    10: The word ''holocaust'' originally derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''[[holokaust...
    16: The term has been frequently used to reference nuclear war, and in the...
    20: ...azi Holocaust which taken together distinguish it from other [[genocides in history]].
    24: ...dge, and renowned [[Psychiatry|psychiatrist]] [[Alfred Hoche]], the work was key to the formulation of...
  36. Bicycle (44267 bytes)
    3: ...cle]]'' features oversized tires, a sturdy frame, front shock absorbers, and handlebars oriented perpe...
    5: ...[land vehicle]] with two [[wheel]]s attached to a frame, one behind the other. First introduced in [[1...
    13: ...up by [[Louis Baudry de Saunier]], a 19th century French bicycle historian.
    15: ... rode his [[1816]] machine while collecting taxes from his tenants. He patented his ''draisine'', a nu...
    17: ... could push more firmly, and further enlarged the front wheel to increase the potential for speed. Sho...
  37. Capricornus (6733 bytes)
    5: ...tion)|Cancer]]. Its brighter stars are found on a triangle whose vertices are Giedi (&alpha;), Deneb Algedi ...
    19: ...nty. Some ancient sources claim that this derives from the sun "taking nourishment" while in the const...
    30: ...diac]] ([[December 22]] - [[January 19]]) differs from the astronomical constellation and the Hindu as...
    49: [[fr:Capricorne (constellation)]]
  38. Madrid (20882 bytes)
    14: ...he first historical data we have from the city is from the middle of the IX Century, when [[Mohamed I]...
    18: ...sh Indies]], but Madrid controlled Seville. Aside from a brief period, 1601 - 1606, when [[Philip III ...
    20: ...have a lasting impact on French rule in Spain and France's image in Europe in general.
    24: ...rero Blanco would continue the dictatorship after Franco's death--contribute to lead the country towar...
    26: ...se of left-wing and republican ideology) accepted Franco's wishes of being succeedled by [[Juan Carlos...
  39. Tetrapod (26290 bytes)
    28: ...describing the earliest tetrapods, which radiated from the [[Sarcopterygii]], or "lobe-finned" [[fish]...
    33: ...the late Devonian, land [[plant]]s had stabilized freshwater habitats, allowing the first [[wetland]] ...
    35: ...itus]]. The universal tetrapod characteristics of front [[limb]]s that bend backward at the [[elbow]] ...
    37: The evolution of the air-breathing [[lung]] from the primitive [[swim bladder]] of lobe-finned f...
    39: ...ely from lower [[jaw]] material. All of them were from the European-North American [[supercontinent]] ...
  40. Area (2688 bytes)
    13: [[Imperial unit]]s, as currently defined from the metre:
    24:
    31: ...ht circular cylinder and cone formulae were taken from R.S. Aggarwal's Mathematics for Class 8-->

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