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- Harry S. Truman (30022 bytes)
9: | preceded=[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]
32: <tr><td>'''Predecessor:'''</td><td>[[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]</td></tr>
51: ...s]], succeeding to the office upon the death of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].
58: ...the bulk of his formative years. After graduating from high school in [[1901]], Truman worked at a ser...
61: ...eye and 20/400 in the left eye. Before heading to France, Harry was sent for training at [[Fort Sill]]... - Franklin D. Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Franklin Delano Roosevelt
18: ...f reform. His family and close friends called him Frank. To the public he was usually known as "[[FDR ...
20: ...nal organization to preserve peace was brought to fruition as the [[United Nations]] after his death.
22: ...nd his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conservatives such as [[Ron...
26: ...matter of great pride to his great-great-grandson Franklin. - Alberto Santos-Dumont (14938 bytes)
1: ...<br>Santos-Dumont in his trademark Panama hat.<BR>From the archives of the [[Smithsonian Institution]]...
13: ==Move to France==
14: ...reto]], Minas Gerais, for the city [[Paris]] in [[France]]. The first thing he did there was to buy an...
23: ... [[francs]] for flying his dirigible ''Number 6'' from the [[Parc Saint Cloud]] to the [[Eiffel Tower]...
25: ...he world. He won several more prizes and became a friend to millionaires and royalty. In [[1901]] he w... - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
1: ...wing aircraft</b>. The word helicopter is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''helix'' (s...
23: ...tail rotor is sufficient to cancel out the torque fromt the main rotor, the helicopter will not rotate...
29: ... amount of power required to prevent a helicopter from spinning is significant. A tail rotor can use u...
42: ...the RPM is too high, damage to the main rotor hub from excessive forces could result. In general, RPM ...
44: ... The cyclic is usually controlled by the stick in front of the pilot. - Adolf Hitler (51456 bytes)
11: ...hancellor of Germany|chancellor]]) of [[Germany]] from [[1933]] to his death. He was leader of the [[N...
15: He led Germany from the depths of post-[[World War I]] defeat to be...
20: ...z]] in the province of [[Upper Austria]], not far from the [[German Empire|German]] border in what was...
24: ...s was impossible since the Jews had been expelled from Graz in the [[15th century]] and were not allow...
25: ... Hitler's profession his family moved frequently, from [[Braunau]] to [[Passau]], [[Lambach]], [[Leond... - March 18 (10594 bytes)
7: *[[1229]] - [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]] declares himself ...
14: *[[1871]] - President of the [[France|French]] government [[Thiers]] orders evacuation of ...
18: ...ng a failed [[United Kingdom|British]] & [[France|French]] naval attack on the [[Dardanelles]].
19: ...Belarus]]. Government of [[Ukraine]] emigrates to France. Famine kills millions of Russians.
25: ... [[Alps]] and agree to form an alliance against [[France]] and the [[United Kingdom]]. - March 20 (10075 bytes)
11: ...France|Napoleon]] enters [[Paris]] after escaping from [[Elba]] with a regular army of 140,000 and a v...
24: ...6]] – [[Tunisia]] gains independence from [[France]].
26: *[[1965]] – In [[Naples]], [[Italy]], [[France Gall]] wins the tenth [[Eurovision Song Conte...
27: ...h; The [[Jules Rimet trophy|World Cup]] is stolen from [[Central Hall]], [[London]]
30: ...] is found guilty of the armed robbery of a [[San Francisco, California]] bank. - March 21 (10586 bytes)
8: ...t between [[United Kingdom|British]] and [[France|French]] forces near the ruins of [[Nicopolis]] in [...
9: ...onic code|Code Napol鯮]] was adopted as [[France|French]] [[civil law]].
16: ... [[Prime Minister of France|Prime Minister]] of [[France]]
18: *[[1952]] - [[Alan Freed]] presents the [[Moondog Coronation Ball]], th...
19: ...lice open fire on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180 - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
34: *[[Eugene M. Antoniadi]] ([[Greece]], [[France]], [[1870]] – [[1944]])
36: *[[Francois Arago]] ([[France]], [[1786]] – [[1853]])
38: *[[Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander]] ([[Germany]], ...
47: *[[Adrien Auzout]] ([[France]], [[1622]] – [[1691]])
56: *[[Benjamin Baillaud]] ([[France]], [[1848]] – [[1934]]) - Russia (28007 bytes)
4: ... [[Soviet Union]] Russia was called the [[Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic]] (RSFSR).
6: ...notable, but is still far from that of the former Soviet Union.
13: ... The Slavs constituted the bulk of the population from the [[8th century]] onwards and slowly assimila...
17: ...ded the [[Russians |Russian people]] in the north from the [[Belarusians]] and [[Ukrainians]] in the w...
23: ...unctional Christian state on the Eastern European frontier, allowing it to claim succession to the leg... - Economy of Russia (68844 bytes)
2: ...ly planned economy]] that was a hallmark of the [[Soviet Union]], and then its replacement by an economy o...
5: ''Main article: [[Economic history of the Soviet Union]]''
7: ...me, Soviet-era management practices, a decaying infrastructure, and inefficient supply systems hinder ...
9: ...g to directives from the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]], which controlled all asp...
11: ...an and annual plans were the chief mechanisms the Soviet government used to translate economic policies in... - Politics of Russia (78325 bytes)
2: ...cal system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet rule. For instance, leading figures in the legisl...
4: ...regions gained political and economic concessions from [[Moscow]]. Although the struggle between execu...
8: ...rritory and population. Ethnic Russians dominated Soviet politics and government; they also controlled loc...
10: ...an institutions in the RSFSR. Certain policies of Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] (in office 1985-91) ...
12: ...chev's attempts to discourage Russia's electorate from voting for him, Yeltsin was popularly elected a... - Sweden (27111 bytes)
3: ...ttles with its neighbouring countries [[Denmark]] from the 12th century – 1710, and [[Norway]] i...
19: ...[[Swedish language|Swedish]]: "Thou Ancient, Thou Free") |
67: ...]] originated in a so-called "[[back-formation]]" from the plural form [[Swedes]] ([[Old English]] ''S...
69: ...sia down to southern Europe. The [[Kievan Rus']], from which Russia takes its name, traces its heritag...
73: ...untry today known as Finland was a part of Sweden from [[1362]] until [[1809]]. - Estonia (13391 bytes)
37: ...- Recognised<br> - Lost<br>[[Collapse of the Soviet Union|Independence]]<br> - Declared<br> &nb...
38: ...ebruary]] [[1920]]<br>[[June]] [[1940]]<br>From [[Soviet Union]]<br>([[16 November]] [[1988]])<br>[[20 Aug...
66: ...s reinstated in 1992, after the collapse of the [[Soviet Union]]. It included a parliament called ''Riigik...
68: ... [[Singing Revolution]] and the [[collapse of the Soviet Union]]. August 20 is now a national holiday in E...
118: ...ompanies is a continuing process. With assistance from the European Union, the [[World Bank]] and the ... - Geography of Estonia (3012 bytes)
5: ...va]] and [[Petseri]] regions on Estonia's eastern frontier, which still remain contested bilaterally.
48: '''Natural hazards:''' flooding occurs frequently in the spring
50: ... with [[petroleum]] products, chemicals at former Soviet military bases; Estonia has more than 1,400 natur... - Economy of Estonia (6977 bytes)
10: ...s and greater prosperity than other regions under Soviet rule.
12: ...for foreign investment are hallmarks of Estonia's free-market-based economy. Estonia also has made exc...
14: ...nking sector exist. Foreigners are not restricted from buying bank shares or acquiring majority holdin...
18: ...capability, a high-capacity grain elevator, chill/frozen storage, and brand-new oil tanker off-loading...
25: ...rvative fiscal and monetary policies. Estonia has free trade regimes with [[European Union]] (which it... - Demographics of Estonia (4738 bytes)
1: ... principal ancestors of the Estonians had arrived from the east.
3: ...y places strong emphasis upon education, which is free and compulsory until age 16. The first book in ...
5: ... originate in 13th century chronicles. During the Soviet era, the [[Russia]]n language was imposed for off...
7: ...ortion of ethnic Estonians in Estonia to increase from 61% to 68% in 2003. - Latvia (12041 bytes)
25: | [[Vaira Vike-Freiberga|Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga]]
36: ...ognised <br/> - Lost<br>'''[[Collapse of the Soviet Union|Independence]]'''<br> - Declared<br>&n...
37: ...st]] [[1920]]<br />[[17 June]] [[1940]]<br>From [[Soviet Union]]<br>[[4 May]] [[1990]]<br>[[21 August]] [[...
57: ...ence of the [[Germany|German]] [[Sword Brethren]] from the [[13th century]] onward. However, in the [[...
61: ...ntry on [[17 June]] [[1940]] in accordance to the Soviet-German agreement ([[Ribbentrop-Molotov pact]]) of... - History of Slovakia (43199 bytes)
5: The oldest surviving archeological artifacts from Slovakia have been carbon dated to 270,000 BCE,...
7: Other stone tools from the [[Middle Palaeolithic|Middle Paleolithic Er...
9: ... Pieštany. Numerous necklaces made of shells from Cypraca thermophile [[Gastropoda|gastropods]] o...
11: From an archeological standpoint, the discovery of d...
13: ... years by the same tribes who created the pottery from the Massif Bukov頨ory. - History of Christianity (35391 bytes)
8: ...in the [[first century]] AD. Christianity brought from Judaism its [[scriptures]] (the [[Old Testament...
10: ... on different interpretations of various passages from the Old Testament (or [[Tanakh]]).
26: ...hurch]] is said to extend in an unbroken timeline from this period. This section will examine those f...
45: *[[Justin Martyr]], convert from Greek philosophy
67: ...hurch and Roman Emperor Constantine, we can infer from [[Athanasius]]' arguments against Arius some id... - Tiger (11674 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:LA1_082A.jpg|noframe|250px|Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)...
15: ...eir [[penis]]es, believed to be [[aphrodisiac]]s. From the destruction of its habitat, to the poaching...
23: The ground of the coat may be any color from yellow to orange-red, with white areas on the c...
25: ... is [[camouflage]], serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have color vision...
29: ...gers overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, often breaking the p... - Long jump (2354 bytes)
1: ...d) event in which athletes attempt to land as far from their take-off points as possible.
3: ... layer of [[plasticine]] is placed immediately in front of the board to detect this occurrence) the ju...
11: ...is held by [[Galina Chistyakova]] of the former [[Soviet Union]] who leapt 7.52 meters in [[Saint Petersbu... - New Deal (82408 bytes)
2: ...ams implemented between 1933-37 under President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] with the goal of relief, rec...
7: ...nses to the critical situation."<ref>Parker 2002, Friedman, ''Two Lucky People'' (1998) p. 59.</ref>
11: ... Milton. [http://www.rightwingnews.com/interviews/friedman.php ''Interview with John Hawkins''. Right ...
13: ...y, big city machines, labor unions, European and African-American minorities (now called "ethnics"), s...
18: ... 1929–1933, unemployment in the U.S. soared from 4% of the workforce to 25%, while manufacturing... - Cuban Missile Crisis (13015 bytes)
1: ...Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]] over the Soviet deployment of [[nuclear weapon|nuclear missiles]]...
5: ... threatened cities in the western sections of the Soviet Union. The Jupiter missiles were regarded by [[P...
7: ...USSR and would provide little warning of a launch from Cuba.
9: ...in Cuba, nor any plans to place any, and that the Soviets were not interested in starting an international...
11: ===Soviet strategy=== - Republican Party (United States) (31573 bytes)
7: senateleader= [[Bill Frist]]|
22: ...f the Republican Party came from the Whigs, the [[Free Soil Party]], and [[Know-Nothing movement|Ameri...
46: ...Lincoln]] in [[1860]] ended the domination of the fragile coalition of pro-slavery southern Democrats ...
48: ... in the Confederacy), forcing drastic reforms and frequently giving former slaves positions in governm...
50: ...l politics – albeit with strong competition from the Democrats, especially during the 1880s. Wit... - List of national anthems (17969 bytes)
4: ...s are listed only if they have an anthem separate from or in addition to that of their mother country.
21: ...]''||''[[Let_us_all_unite_and_celebrate_together|African Union Anthem]]
69: |[[Belize]]||[[Land of the Free]]
75: |''[[Biafra]]''||''[[Land of the Rising Sun (national anthem...
111: |[[Central African Republic]]||[[La Renaissance]] (The Rebirth) - The Star-Spangled Banner (15265 bytes)
3: ...ledBanner2.JPG|200px|thumb|right|Percy Moran drew Francis Scott Key reaching out towards the flag in [...
4: ...d [[sheet music]]. Copies such as these were sold from a catalog of Thomas Carr's Carr Music Store in ...
6: ...s]]. The [[lyrics]] were written in [[1814]] by [[Francis Scott Key]], a 35-year-old [[lawyer]] and am...
9: ...ater Upper Marlboro, Maryland|Upper Marlboro]], a friend of Key's who had been captured in [[Washingto...
15: ... popular [[England|English]] drinking song dating from around [[1800]], written by [[John Stafford Smi... - Navigation (15650 bytes)
7: ...n senses and knowledge, passed by oral tradition, from navigator to apprentice.
20: ...[1976]], successfully navigated the Pacific Ocean from Hawaii to [[Tahiti]] using no instruments.
39: ... accurate land-based fixes even hundreds of miles from shore. These were made obsolete by satellite na...
43: ...measuring their [[bearing (navigation)|bearings]] from the ship. These [[lines of position]] can be pl...
55: ...7 navigational stars at any time of day or night. From a single sight, a time within a second and an e... - History of the Kurds (8244 bytes)
3: ...re thought to have been non Indo-Europeans, apart from the original Mitanni leadership. However, Kurds...
7: ...of history of tribes in overwhelming numbers who, from whatever quarter they may have sprung, belonged...
11: ...iended, if we may judge from tradition as well as from the remains still existing in the country, by t...
17: ... waste since the passage of [[Timur]], with Kurds from the Hakkiari and Bohtan districts.
19: ...e Kurds, owing to the remoteness of their country from the capital and the decline of Turkey, had grea... - Kurdistan (8785 bytes)
9: ...urdish-inhabited areas of the Middle East and the Soviet Union in 1986.]]
11: ...e globe and their land covers an area as big as [[France]]. The [[Kurdistan Province]] in [[Iran]] and...
16: ...bility (one of the major reasons of conflicts in Africa and the Middle East).
36: ... crushed by government forces when [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] protective forces were withdrawn. In the consti... - Libya (12985 bytes)
1: Libya is a country in [[North Africa]], bordering the [[Mediterranean Sea]], locate...
3: ...sometimes referring to the entire continent of [[Africa]].
53: Qadhafi rejected both [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Communism]] and Western [[capitalism]] and cl...
59: ...[[terrorism]]. All Libyan diplomats were expelled from the United States and the United States officia...
67: ...man [[La Belle (discotheque)|La Belle]] nightclub frequented by U.S. servicemen on [[April 5]], which ... - Scythia (22520 bytes)
1: ... location and extent of Scythia varied over time, from the [[Altai]] region where [[Mongolia]], [[Chin...
3: ...s as ''Ishkuzai'', who are reported as pouring in from the north some time around 700 BC, settling in ...
7: ...Indo-European word for ''archer'' in turn derives from the [[Proto-Indo-European]] root *'''skeud''', ...
9: ...riors, drawn after figures on an [[electrum]] cup from the Kul'Oba kurgan burial near [[Kerch]] ([[Her...
21: ...f scholars conjecture that they migrated westward from [[Central Asia]] between [[800 BC]] and [[600 B... - Persian Empire (26229 bytes)
1: ...n because changing the name separated the country from its past. It also caused some Westerners to con...
4: ...ek name for Iran, ''Persis''. This in turn comes from a province in the south of Iran, called ''[[Far...
11: ...e Persians comes from an [[Assyria]]n inscription from c. 844 BC that calls them the ''Parsu'' (Parsua...
13: ...ate]]. The Persians gradually conquered territory from the native kingdom of [[Elam]], including the i...
19: ...of the empire. He moved the administration center from Persia itself to [[Susa]], near Babylon and clo... - Berlin Wall (23423 bytes)
3: ...tion barrier|barrier]] separating [[West Berlin]] from [[East Berlin]] and the surrounding territory o...
7: ...|Mitte]], and the eastern districts of Berlin - [[Friedrichshain]], [[K?ick]], [[Lichtenberg]], , [[Pa...
9: ...the [[Berlin Airlift]] by the Western Allies. The Soviets lifted the ineffective blockade the next year.
11: ... Germany in preference to either West Berlin or [[Frankfurt]].
13: ...ast Germany's economy was being subsidized by the Soviet government. - Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (17212 bytes)
1: [[Image:Rosenbergs.jpg|framed|The Rosenbergs]]
3: ...rges remains controversial, though decades later, Soviet communications decrypted by the [[VENONA project]...
7: ...[May 12]], [[1918]] in [[New York]]. He graduated from the [[City College of New York]] with a degree ...
11: ...ecause they were sympathetic to communism (or the Soviet Union's role in the War) and did not feel that th...
13: ...esisted efforts to share nuclear secrets, but the Soviet Union was able to produce its own atomic weapons ... - History of Germany (53864 bytes)
3: ... they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
5: ...known as the second Reich to indicate its descent from the medieval empire. By the same reasoning, [[A...
12: ...ptive work about the Germanic people at the Roman frontier on the Rhine]]
13: ...ic peoples thrust into [[Celts|Celtic]] territory from [[Schleswig-Holstein]], advancing to the [[Oder...
15: ...nz]], [[Mainz]] and elsewhere to secure the Rhine frontier. In 9 AD a Roman army led by [[Publius Quin... - Christmas (35108 bytes)
2: ...is birth fulfilled Jewish prophecies of a messiah from the house of David. Early Christians focused mo...
10: ...ethlehem of Judea, the home of the house of David from which Joseph was descended, fulfilled the proph...
12: ...ey presented Jesus with treasures of "[[gold]], [[frankincense]], and [[myrrh]]". While staying the n...
14: ...here they could have gotten their gifts of "gold, frankincense, and myrrh". Astronomers and historian...
19: ...orian calendar|Gregorian]]) date of [[January 7]] from [[1900]] to [[2099]]. The [[Armenian Church]] p... - Moon (37975 bytes)
6: ...ll.jpg|250px|none|The Moon as seen by an observer from Earth]]
7: <small><font color="white">The Moon as seen from Earth</font></small>
190: ...', the terms ''selene/seleno'' and ''cynthion'' (from the [[Lunar deity|Lunar deities]] [[Selene]] an...
192: The average distance from the Moon to the Earth is 384,403 [[kilometre]]s...
194: ... and orbiting [[space probe]]s, starting with the Soviet [[Luna 1]] in [[1959]]. - Bohrium (3577 bytes)
43: ...nts|synthesized]] in [[1976]] by a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] team led by Y. Oganessian at the Joint Institut...
46: ...earch) at Darmstadt were also able to confirm the Soviet team's results and produce bohrium, this time the...
48: ...to honor the Danish physicist [[Niels Bohr]]. The Soviets had suggested this name be given to element 105 ...
50: ...ment naming controversy]] as to what the elements from 101 to 109 were to be called; thus [[IUPAC]] ad... - Dubnium (4200 bytes)
47: ...entists later tried to confirm the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] findings using more sophisticated methods but w... - Nobelium (6700 bytes)
53: ...onds). Their work was confirmed by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] researchers in [[Dubna]].
64: ...isotope]]s of nobelium range in [[atomic weight]] from 249.088 [[atomic mass unit|u]] (No-249) to 262.... - Plutonium (24623 bytes)
176: ...converting several nuclear power plants in the US from [[enriched uranium]] fuel to [[MOX fuel]] as a ...
178: ...re conducted without any kind of informed consent from the subjects of the experiment. The episode is ...
181: .../sup>Pu remain from the birth of the solar system from waste of supernovae, because its half-life (80 ...
188: ...cts). The Pu-239 can then be chemically separated from the rest of the material to give high-purity Pu...
190: ...m production, it is necessary to remove the U-238 frequently, before significant amounts of Pu-239 can... - Rutherfordium (3808 bytes)
49: ...they could not reproduce the earlier synthesis by Soviet scientists.
51: ...h Kurchatov]] ([[1903]]-[[1960]]), former Head of Soviet Nuclear Research.
52: ...onor Ernest Rutherford, a noted nuclear physicist from [[New Zealand]]. - Scandium (10820 bytes)
105: ...ition element]], scandium occurs in rare minerals from [[Scandinavia]] and it is sometimes classified ...
117: ...enite]] and [[gadolinite]]. He named it Scandium, from the [[Latin]] ''Scandia'' meaning "Scandinavia"...
124: ...ources of this element (which is never found as a free metal).
126: ...fter [[tungsten]] is extracted from [[Zinnwald wolframite]].
130: ...ndium is from military stockpiles from the former Soviet Union, which - Seaborgium (4376 bytes)
35: In June [[1974]], a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] team led by G. N. Flerov at the [[Joint Institu... - Titanium (20884 bytes)
118: ... point]] of this element makes it useful as a [[refractory metal]]. Titanium is as strong as steel, bu...
125: ... titanium dioxide are excellent reflectors of [[infrared radiation]] and are therefore used extensivel...
143: ...amed it ''menachite''. At around the same time, [[Franz Joseph Muller]] also produced a similar substa...
145: The metal has always been difficult to extract from its various ores. Pure metallic titanium (99.9%...
147: ...ties of titanium when a European company set up a front for the US foreign intelligence agencies to pu... - Uranium (27752 bytes)
165: *beta (tetragonal) stable from 667.7 °C to 774.8 °C
166: *gamma (body-centered cubic) from 774.8 °C to melting point - this is the mos...
170: ...up>233</sup>U isotope is also fissile and is made from <sup>232</sup>[[thorium]] by [[neutron]] bombar...
184: ...natural uranium, because the [[mineral]] material from which they are made is typically high in uraniu...
191: ... was found to be [[radioactivity|radioactive]] by French physicist [[Henri Becquerel]] in [[1896]], wh... - Muslim (12217 bytes)
13: * Qiyas - the process of analogical reasoning from a known injunction (nass) to a new injunction.
18: ...adith (singular ''Hadith'') - narrations reported from the Prophet Muhammad, his daughter Fatimeh Zahr...
41: * Refraining from eating, drinking and having sex from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramadan (Sawm).
42: ...an be strenuous. Also, one has to obtain a permit from the Saudi government which is granted based on ...
76: ...des of existence, and then spread more slowly to Africa and Indonesia. This golden age is usually reg... - Democracy (24363 bytes)
4: ...μοκρατ�mp;alpha; from δημος meaning "the ...
10: ...|slaves]], and foreigners being excluded from the franchise. Only an estimated 16% of the total popula...
14: ...various forms of non-democratic rule. [http://www.freedomhouse.org/reports/century.html]
24: *voting which is not truly free and fair (e.g., through intimidation of those v...
27: ...e Soviet Union|CPSU]] before its [[History of the Soviet Union (1985-1991)|collapse]] in [[1991]], [[Iraq]... - Election (15836 bytes)
1: ...ment]]. Elections are held in many other settings from [[club]]s and societies to [[business]].
6: ...ent into governmental authority is the holding of free and fair elections.
8: ...age:Presidential-election-word-wall-animation.gif|frame|left| Animation provided by [http://classroomc...
10: ...ected by [[citizenship|citizens]] who enjoy broad freedom to criticize government, to publish their cr...
12: ...rom those beneficial biases that naturally result from an [[electorate]] that is equally well informed... - Reindeer (6508 bytes)
26: An unusual feature of the reindeer is that it has front teeth only on its bottom jaw; there are [[mola...
33: Males usually split apart from the group and become solitary, while the remain...
43: ... been drastically reduced since the fall of the [[Soviet Union]]. The fur and meat is sold, which is an im...
48: ...''vaya''. The name ''Caribou'' is thought to come from a [[Mi'kmaq]] word that means "one that paws (t...
55: ...a continuous distribution in the tundra [[biome]] from west to east across the Eurasian continent, inc... - Siberian Husky (8100 bytes)
66: ...re normally rather healthy dogs, living typically from eleven to fifteen years of age. Health issues i...
69: ...ore enduring than the 100 120 pound (45 to 54 kg) freighting dogs then in general use, they immediatel...
71: ...un to Nome]] which delivered [[diphtheria]] serum from Nenana by dogsled after the city was stricken b...
73: ... [[1930]] the last Siberians were exported as the Soviet government closed the borders of [[Siberia]] to e...
79: Apart from dogsled racing, they are very popular for recre... - Humpback Whale (17123 bytes)
18: ...]] (leaping out of the water), its unusually long front fins, and its complex [[whale song]]. The Hump...
24: ...n each side of the mouth. [[Ventral]] grooves run from the lower jaw to the [[umbilicus]] about halfwa...
52: ... (music)|note]]s that vary in [[amplitude]] and [[frequency]] in consistent patterns over a period of ...
55: ... all the major [[ocean]]s, in a wide band running from about 60° S to 65° N [[latitude]]. It i...
57: ... the other large whales. The population has grown from a low point of 20,000 at the [[1966]] moratoriu... - Olympic Games (40925 bytes)
1: ...pic Games''', runners relay the [[Olympic Flame]] from [[Olympia, Greece|Olympia]] to the opening cere...
3: ...e|French]] nobleman, [[Pierre de Coubertin|Pierre Frèdy, Baron de Coubertin]] in the late [[19t...
15: From that moment on, the Games slowly became more im...
25: ...t few centuries, similar events were organized in France and Greece, but these were all small-scale an...
27: ...0–1871). He thought the reason was that the French had not received proper physical education, a... - Henry A. Wallace (8151 bytes)
1: [[Image:Henry A. Wallace.jpg|frame|Henry Agard Wallace]]
5: ...m [[1910]] to [[1924]] and edited the publication from 1924 to [[1929]]. He experimented with breedin...
7: ...Wallace]], had served as Secretary of Agriculture from [[1921]] to [[1925]].) Wallace had been a [[lib...
10: ...t on the Democratic Party ticket with President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. His inauguration took place...
14: ... the phrase "Century of the Common Man", to the [[Free World Association]] in [[New York City]]. This ... - Ancient China (39554 bytes)
1: ...identity. These cultural and political influences from many parts of Asia as well as successive waves ...
6: ...have reached China about 65,000 years ago from [[Africa]]. Early evidence for proto-Chinese [[rice pad...
14: ...he earliest written record of China's past, dates from the [[Shang Dynasty]] in perhaps the [[13th cen...
18: ... around [[2000 BC]] was unearthed. Early markings from this period, found on pottery and shells, have ...
22: ...[[Zhengzhou]] and [[Shangcheng]]. The second set, from the later Shang or Yin period, consists of a la... - Germany in the Middle Ages (53864 bytes)
3: ... they exerted influence upon Western civilization from its very beginnings.
5: ...known as the second Reich to indicate its descent from the medieval empire. By the same reasoning, [[A...
12: ...ptive work about the Germanic people at the Roman frontier on the Rhine]]
13: ...ic peoples thrust into [[Celts|Celtic]] territory from [[Schleswig-Holstein]], advancing to the [[Oder...
15: ...nz]], [[Mainz]] and elsewhere to secure the Rhine frontier. In 9 AD a Roman army led by [[Publius Quin... - History of Italy as a monarchy and in the World Wars (9742 bytes)
12: Napoleon III's defeat brought an end to the French military protection for Pius IX and on Septem...
16: ==From Unification to The First World War (1870-1914)=...
18: ...ed unchanged, even if the kings usually abstained from abusing their extremely large powers (for examp...
24: ...iver [[Battle of the Piave River|Piave]], not far from Venice. After another year of trench warfare, a...
30: ...n City]]. He was initially in friendly terms with France and Britain, but the situation changed in [[1... - Culture of Russia (14552 bytes)
1: ...y complex and has changed under [[Czarist]] and [[Soviet]] rules and under the relgious leadership of the...
9: ...came an offshooot version of the [[mosaic]] and[[ fresco]] traditions. Icon paintings in Russia are u...
14: ...nstructivism]], and [[futurism]]. Notable artists from this era include [[El Lissitzky]], [[Kazimir Ma...
16: ===Soviet Art===
17: {{Main|Soviet Art}} - Beluga Whales (10188 bytes)
15: ... to simply as the '''Beluga''' - the word derives from the [[Russian language|Russian]] ''beloye'' mea...
20: ...is the now-extinct ''[[Denebola brachycephala]]'' from the late [[Miocene]] period. A single fossil ha...
36: ...r shallow inlets. These summer sites are detached from one another and a mother will usually return to...
59: ...United States Navy]] and the navy of the former [[Soviet Union]] have used beluga in anti-mining operation... - Gray Whales (7433 bytes)
23: ...w waters in the lagoons there protect the newborn from [[shark]]s. After several weeks, the return tri...
27: ...[benthic]] [[crustacean]]s which it eats sideways from the sea floor. It is classified as a [[baleen w...
30: ...hale845.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A Gray Whale viewed from above]]
35: ...d again. Gray Whales have been granted protection from commercial hunting by the International Whaling...
37: ...ere being established in the region. Although the Soviet government denied these charges as recently as 19... - List of U.S. military history events (12126 bytes)
137: *[[John Fries' Rebellion]] (1799)
153: *[[Franklin County War]] (Idaho, 1866–1872)
175: *[[Francis Marion]] (1780–1782)
204: *[[State of Franklin]] (~1784–~1790)
207: *[[Free City of Tri-Insula]] (1861) - Snow Leopards (2890 bytes)
17: ...ghing up to 75 kilograms, it can be distinguished from other similar species by its proportionately lo...
19: ...cluding domestic livestock. They also ambush prey from above when possible. Their diet consists of [[I...
26: ...o Soviet mountaineers who summited all 5 of the [[Soviet Union]]'s 7000m peaks. - Tigers (12435 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_image | image = [[Image:LA1_082A.jpg|noframe|250px|Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)...
15: ...eir [[penis]]es, believed to be [[aphrodisiac]]s. From the destruction of its habitat, to the poaching...
23: The ground of the coat may be any colour from yellow to orange-red, with white areas on the c...
25: ... is [[camouflage]], serving to hide these animals from their prey (few large animals have colour visio...
29: ...gers overpower their prey from any angle, usually from ambush, and bite the neck, often breaking the p... - Timeline of Middle Eastern History (12425 bytes)
29: ...ificantly expanding it and transforming it from a fresh-water landlocked lake into a salt water sea.
51: ...on of [[Sahara]]. The shift by the Sahara Desert from a habitable region to a barren desert.
76: ... Major migration of Central Saharans into [[West Africa]] possibly due to [[climate change]] starting ...
102: * The [[Cushites]] drive the original inhabitants from [[Ethiopia]], and establish trade relations wit...
136: ...f the Caliphate under [[Al-Walid I]], who reigned from [[705]] - [[715]] ]] - United States Republican Party (30737 bytes)
6: senateleader= [[Bill Frist]]|
21: ...f the Republican Party came from the Whigs, the [[Free Soil Party]], and [[Know-Nothing movement|Ameri...
45: ...Lincoln]] in [[1860]] ended the domination of the fragile coalition of pro-slavery southern Democrats ...
47: ... in the Confederacy), forcing drastic reforms and frequently giving former slaves positions in governm...
49: ...l politics – albeit with strong competition from the Democrats, especially during the 1880s. Wit... - George W. Bush (64926 bytes)
25: ...00. He played baseball and rugby union during his freshman and senior years. He received a Bachelor of...
27: After graduating from Yale, Bush enlisted in the Texas [[Air National...
32: ...duty from 1972 to 1973, and that he was suspended from flying after he failed to take a required physi...
38: ...In taped recordings of a conversation with an old friend, author Doug Wead, Bush said: “I wouldn...
45: ...ver funds from his education trust fund and money from other investors. The [[1979 energy crisis]] hur... - Franklin Delano Roosevelt (74009 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Franklin Delano Roosevelt
18: ...f reform. His family and close friends called him Frank. To the public he was usually known as "[[FDR ...
20: ...nal organization to preserve peace was brought to fruition as the [[United Nations]] after his death.
22: ...nd his failure to advance [[civil rights]] for [[African Americans]]. Some conservatives such as [[Ron...
26: ...matter of great pride to his great-great-grandson Franklin. - Holocaust (53541 bytes)
6: ...estimates by historians of the exact number range from five million to over six million. Other groups ...
10: The word ''holocaust'' originally derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] word ''[[holokaust...
16: The term has been frequently used to reference nuclear war, and in the...
20: ...azi Holocaust which taken together distinguish it from other [[genocides in history]].
24: ...dge, and renowned [[Psychiatry|psychiatrist]] [[Alfred Hoche]], the work was key to the formulation of... - Maya hieroglyphics (3466 bytes)
3: ...|right|thumb|An inscription in Maya heiroglyphics from the site of [[Naranjo]], relating to the reign ...
7: .... Most surviving texts in Maya hieroglyphics are from pottery or monuments in sites that were abandon...
13: ...ient writing system from the [[Olmec]]s (Schele & Freidel, 1990; Soustelle, 1984).
16: ... for symbols whose general meaning was understood from context began to be developed. Prominent older ... - Christmas around the world (98033 bytes)
41: ...any songs and TV drama series presented Christmas from a lover's point of view, for example '[[Last Ch...
48: ...banese Muslims celebrate Christmas with Christian friends. A poll showed that around two thirds of th...
49: ...open all night for praying and people go to visit friends and families, often to villages in the mount...
54: ...ël]]". Most of Christmas Greetings are spoken in French like "[[Joyeux Noel|Joyeux Noël]]" or Englis...
62: ...rch Centre (also assistant parish priest of [[St. Francis Xavier]]'s Church) has lodged a formal compl... - Pat Nixon (3962 bytes)
1: [[Image:Pat nixon.jpg|right|frame|Pat Nixon]]
2: ...d Nixon]] and [[First Lady of the United States]] from 1969-1974.
5: .... Patrick]]'s babe in the morn" when he came home from the mines before dawn.
12: ...age:Pat and Richard Nixon exit US plane.jpg|right|frame|Pat and Richard Nixon on the political trail t...
13: ...nd there she met Richard Nixon, who had come home from law school at Duke University to establish a pr... - Space Shuttle program (41074 bytes)
4: ...capacity to recover satellites and other payloads from orbit and return them to Earth, this capacity h...
16: ...e [[X-20 Dyna-Soar]]. In several instances groups from both worked together to investigate the state o...
27: ...k to adjust for the launching point rotating away from it while in polar orbit — in a 90 minute ...
35: ...e [[1970s]] this was high enough that the payback from the development had to happen very quickly or t...
43: ...ced in an external tank instead of internal tanks from the previous designs. This allowed a larger pay... - Students for a Democratic Society (3884 bytes)
5: ...League for Industrial Democracy]] which descended from the Intercollegiate Socialist Society which was...
7: ...n Statement included a strong denunciation of the Soviet Union, it wasn't enough for LID leaders like Mich...
9: == From 1965 to 1969 ==
11: ... SDS [[factions]] had a reputation for violent confrontation, including the [[Progressive Labor Party]...
13: ...tions such as the [[Free Speech Movement|Berkeley Free Speech Movement]], a coalition of student group... - February 22 (10772 bytes)
9: * [[1495]] - King [[Charles VIII of France]] enters [[Naples]] to claim the city's thron...
18: * [[1879]] - In [[Utica, New York]], [[Frank Woolworth]] opens the first of many of 5 and 1...
24: ... United States]] to deliver a [[radio]] broadcast from the [[White House]].
25: ...]: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] orders General [[Douglas Mac...
32: * [[1979]] - Independence of [[Saint Lucia]] from the [[United Kingdom]]. - North Pole (13759 bytes)
6: ...kwise as seen from above the north pole). Another frequently used definition uses the right-hand rule ...
10: ...ar shape and [[gravity|gravitational]] influences from nearby planets and moons.
14: ...o's orbit (best defined as the point most removed from the plane formed by the north-south and near-fa...
23: ...'' is defined as the point in the Arctic farthest from any coastline, and is at {{coor dm|84|03|N|174|...
27: ...International Astronomical Union]] have defined a framework called the [[International Terrestrial Ref... - Saint Petersburg (36589 bytes)
40: ...#1094;а). <!-- translator paraphrasing here from de: -->
56: ...ikov]] Palace on the Neva Embankment, constructed from designs by Domenico Trezini in 1710–1716....
62: ...d by [[Count Orlov]] and built in 1768–1785 from various sorts of [[marble]] to a Neoclassical d...
72: ...reat]] and other [[tsar|Russian emperor]]s. Apart from these four principal cathedrals, which operate ...
82: ...nd early 20th-century temples are all constructed from [[Russian Revival]] or [[Byzantine architecture... - Jet engine (22370 bytes)
1: ...ine (left of photo) prevents debris - or people - from being pulled into the engine by the huge volume...
2: ...ir and combustion products) in one direction and, from [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]'s [[Newton's_laws_of_mo...
4: The engine draws [[air]] in at the front and compresses it. The air is combined with [[...
8: ...ssing into the ignition chamber prevents backflow from it and thus makes possible the continuous burni...
15: ...f the maximum performance which could be obtained from it; the limit was essentially one of [[propelle... - Karl Marx (38076 bytes)
1: [[Image:Kmarx.jpg|frame|right|Karl Marx]]
2: ...s of class struggle, summed up in the famous line from the introduction to the ''[[The Communist Manif...
7: ... in [[Germany]]). His father Herschel, descending from a long line of [[rabbi]]s, was a lawyer and his...
13:
18: ...nsorship was in place, and non-Lutherans suffered from religious discrimination. - Cult of personality (7246 bytes)
2: ...p|leader]]. The term was coined by [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] leader [[Nikita Khrushchev]] soon after the dea...
7: ..., had a quote from [[Mao Zedong]], and all quotes from Mao appeared highlighted in boldface or in red.
15: ...is excuse to justify the [[Communist Party of the Soviet Union|Communist Party]]'s massive campaign of ren...
16: [[Image:Stalincult.jpg|framed|left|[[Josef Stalin]] is often credited with ...
20: ... public places, but convention or law forbid them from converting this respect into real political pow... - December 9 (7837 bytes)
12: ...P. B. S. Pinchback]] becomes the first serving [[African American]] governor of a U.S. state
14: ...nded the [[feminist]] daily [[newspaper]], ''[[La Fronde]]''.
15: ...arity|Law separating church and state]] passed in France
18: ...my]] attacks [[Italy|Italian]] forces in [[North Africa]]
22: ...ted States]] [[nuclear weapon]] secrets for the [[Soviet Union]] - List of aircraft (2955 bytes)
28: ** [[List of military aircraft of France|France]]
29:
37: ...of aircraft of the South African Air Force|South Africa]]
41: ** [[List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS|USSR and CIS]] - ([[USSR milita... - U.S. presidential election, 1988 (11192 bytes)
2: ...an's popularity while Dukakis's campaign suffered from several miscues; the result was the third lopsi...
10: ...Bruce Babbitt|Bruce E. Babbitt]], former governor from [[Arizona]]
11: * [[Joe Biden|Joseph R. Biden Jr.]], U.S. senator from [[Delaware]]
13: ...Richard A. "Dick" Gephardt]], U.S. representative from [[Missouri]]
14: * [[Al Gore|Albert A. Gore Jr.]], U.S. senator from [[Tennessee]]
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