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- Clarinet (18825 bytes)
2: ...''[[trumpet]]'', as the first clarinets had a strident tone similar to that of a trumpet.
4: ... varieties of [[wood]] or, in the case of some student instruments, composite material or plastic [[re...
11: ...orchestral writing. Additionally, improvements made to the fingering systems of the clarinet over tim...
12: The Bass Clarinet has a very deep and loud tone. It is often only used in large ...
20: ...e of [[ebonite]]. The instrument uses a single wooden (sometimes "fiber" or plastic) [[reed (music)|re... - Musician (3042 bytes)
12: ...of methods employed by human beings, must be regarded as having some relation to the origins of music....
30: ** [[Organ grinder]]
34: ** [[Recorder player]]
50: ...etist'' for example is nonsense. There are also widespread differences in the acceptability of some of... - Cornett (5160 bytes)
6: ...he form of a tube, typically about 60 cm. long, made of [[ivory]] or [[wood]] with [[woodwind instrume...
8: ...ical instrument classification]] places it alongside instruments such as the [[trumpet]].
10: ...ompromise--often with the need to go on playing modern brass instruments--may use a much larger mouthp...
14: ...nd [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] wrote much of his resplendent [[Venetian polychoral style|polychoral]] music ...
16: ...ugh to be used in a consort of viols or even recorders. - Didgeridoo (7516 bytes)
1: ...d in earth [[pigment]]s called [[ochre]]s and the designs represent important totemic entities such as...
3: ...alia]]. It is sometimes described as a natural wooden trumpet or "drone pipe". Musicologists classify ...
5: ...though it is commonly claimed to be the world's oldest wind instrument. Archaeological studies of rock...
7: ...aki", refers to the specific type of instrument made and used by the [[Yolngu]] people of north-east [...
13: ...ruments and those made in factories are usually made from solid timber that have been [[drill]]ed out ... - Euphonium (3735 bytes)
8: ...th a cylidrical bore), it has a more mellow, "rounder" sound than the "brassier" sound of a [[trombone...
10: ...lve instrument's limit. Some euphoniums also include 'compensating systems', consisting of extra tubin...
12: ...'baryton''' and '''tenorhorn'''. All trace their descent to the '''[[Serpent (instrument)|serpent]]''...
14: ... orchestral instrument and thus is not found in modern symphony orchestras. Only for certain works wh... - Trombone (15819 bytes)
1: ...lide trombone, with slide extended.''<br>''This model has a B♭ to F attachment.'']]
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba''...
9: ...bore) after the lead pipe and through the hand slide. The bore expands through the neck pipe and backb...
12: ...history). The sackbut was slightly smaller than modern trombones, and had a bell that was more conical...
14: ... band]]s, [[Military band]]s, [[brass band]]s, [[:de:Posaunenchor|brass choir]]s, etc. It can be part ... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
6: ...l, before the flare for the bell begins. (Careful design of these tapers is critical to the [[tuning|i...
8: ... sound and the ease with which it can be played. Deeper cupped mothpieces are best suited for expansi...
11: ...]] or ''cornetto'' (not to be confused with the modern cornet), and the [[Scandinavia]]n [[lur]].
16: ...make well-known the term ''[[double high C]]'' to describe the next octave above high C. Trumpeters w...
19: ...urice Andre]], [[Wynton Marsalis]] and [[Hakan Hardenberger]]. - Pipe organ (24478 bytes)
1: ...on for the visible pipes of an organ to be purely decorative, with the real pipes behind them.]]
7: ...lso found in town halls, and in arts centres intended for the performance of [[classical music]]. In t...
13: ''A more detailed article is to be written at [[styles of pip...
15: ...everal distinctive styles of pipe organ have been developed and achieved popularity at particular time...
19: ...n attempt to provide authentic voices for an extended repertoire, and each one of these instruments is... - Berimbau (11944 bytes)
2: .... The instrument is also a part of [[Candombl靝-de-caboclo tradition.
4: ...icon.png|30px]] [[media:Toque-de-angola.ogg|Toque de Angola]] ([[ogg]] format, 17 seconds, 174KB).
6: ==Design==
8: [[Image:Hn_caxixi_baqueta_vadero.jpg|thumb|right|A caxixi, baqueta, and dobr㯝]
9: ...steel string ("arame" - often pulled from the inside of an automobile [[tire]]) tightly strung and sec... - Ptolemy I of Egypt (7434 bytes)
3: ...er of [[Egypt]] ([[323 BC]] - [[283 BC]]) and founder of the [[Ptolemaic dynasty]]. In [[305 BC]] he t...
7: ...s]] and the young [[Alexander IV of Macedon|Alexander IV]].
9: ...sfully defended the [[Nile]] and Perdiccas was murdered by two of his subordinates. In the long wars ...
11: ...ge:Ptolemy_I_of_Egypt.jpg|thumb|right|Silver coin depicting '''Ptolemy I''' (r. [[305 BC|305]] - [[283...
13: ...her [[Menelaus]] was defeated and captured in the decisive [[Battle of Salamis in Cyprus (306 BC)|Batt... - History of ancient Egypt (28563 bytes)
3: ...300 BC]]. Archeological evidence indicates that a developed Egyptian society has existed for much long...
10: ...span of about three millennia. There is a recommended revision of the chronology of Egypt.
27: ...ociety]] (see [[Nile#History|Nile: History]]). Evidence of [[pastoralism]] and cultivation of [[cereal...
29: ...there must have realized the benefits of a more sedentary life. Scientific analysis of the remains of ...
31: ...stract&list_uids=12495079]; reveals also that ''modern day'' Egyptians "''reflect a mixture of [[Europ... - Old Kingdom (5401 bytes)
2: ...wed by a period of disunity and relative cultural decline referred to by Egyptologists as the [[First ...
8: ...0]]–[[2611 BC]]) of the Third Dynasty who ordered the construction of the first pyramid (the [[P...
10: It was in this era that formerly independent ancient Egyptian states became known as [[Nome ...
12: ==Golden Age: the Fourth Dynasty==
14: ...ingdom and its royal power reached their zenith under the [[Fourth dynasty of Egypt|Fourth dynasty]], ... - President of the United States (42878 bytes)
1: ...al_us_presdent.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Seal of the President of the United States]]]]
3: ...he United States|federal government]] and [[commander-in-chief]] of the [[United States armed forces|a...
5: ...he President was sometimes referred to as "the leader of the free world," a phrase that is still invok...
7: ...lated all over the world in nations with a [[presidential system]] of government.
9: The current President of the United States is [[George W. Bush]]. - John Hancock (8787 bytes)
3: ... Independence|United States Declaration of Independence]]]]
5: ...to sign the [[United States Declaration of Independence]]. According to legend, he signed his name lar...
8: ...ended [[Harvard College]] and received a business degree in [[1754]], when he was 17. Upon graduation,...
10: ...ously, the same. With his generosity, he was regarded as a man of integrity and honor.
13: ... [[Massachusetts General Court]], his colonial trade business naturally disposed him to resist the [[S... - Thomas Jefferson (31127 bytes)
1: {{Infobox President | name=Thomas Jefferson
3: | image name=Seal_us_presdent.jpg
4: | order=Third President
7: | preceded=[[John Adams]]
8: | succeeded=[[James Madison]] - Andrew Johnson (12662 bytes)
1: {| border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"
4: {| border="1"
8: | '''Order:''' || 17th President
15: | '''Succeeded by:''' || [[Ulysses S. Grant]]
17: | '''Date of Birth''' || [[December 29]], [[1808]] - Grover Cleveland (20963 bytes)
1: <table border="0" align="right" style="margin-left:1em"><tr><t...
2: <table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
5: <tr><td>'''Order:'''</td><td>
6: 22nd President<br>
7: 24th President</td></tr> - Glaciology (3787 bytes)
5: The word ''glacier'' is derived from the [[Latin]] ''glacies'', meaning ice ...
9: ...period of time; glaciers move very slowly, either descending from high mountains, as in valley glacier...
11: ...ies glaciers. A glacial geologist studies glacial deposits and glacial erosive features on the landsca...
15: Glaciers can be identified by their geometry and the relationship to ...
18: - Antarctica (14761 bytes)
4: ...near the Earth's [[North Pole]] on the opposite side of the planet.
8: ...so the continent with the highest average [[altitude]], and the lowest average [[humidity]] of any con...
15: ...he continent, but [[ice]] there can last for extended time periods. Nearly all of Antarctica is cover...
24: ...ea is called [[Western Antarctica]] and the remainder [[Eastern Antarctica]], since they correspond ro...
30: ...ons, particularly those close to the continent, made territorial claims in the [[20th century]]. These... - Turkey (41694 bytes)
14: leader_titles = [[President of Turkey|President]]<br>[[List of Prime Ministers of Turkey|Prime ...
15: leader_names = [[Ahmet Necdet Sezer]]<br>[[Recep Tayyip Erdogan|Recep Tayyip E...
17: ...ents = - Formation of Parliament<br> - Declaration of Republic |
21: area_magnitude = 1 E11 |
28: population_density = 89 |
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