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- Brain (22060 bytes)
9: .... The brains of arthropods and cephalopods arise from twin parallel nerve cords that extend through t...
11: The brains of craniates develop from the anterior section of a single dorsal [[neura...
20: ...ers are [[congenital]]. [[Tay-Sachs disease]], [[Fragile X syndrome]], [[Down syndrome]], and [[Toure...
38: ...derstand the nervous system, including the brain, from a biological perspective. [[Psychology]] seeks...
41: ... which are the mass changes in electrical current from the cerebral cortex, but can only detect change... - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...]s. The word has been used to mean various things from "any euphonious and pleasing sound" to only a p...
4: ...of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|muse]]. I...
10: ... refers strictly to the mathematical proportions. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea o...
12: ...cult sciences]] or [[esoteric thought]] - ranging from [[astrology]] to believing certain [[minerals]]...
14: ...t the mathematical or physical relationships in [[frequency]] that give rise to the [[musical interval... - Cairo (12536 bytes)
6: ...invade Cairo or defeated elsewhere by troops sent from Cairo. ([[Mongols]], Crusaders & Ottomans are e...
26: The current location of Cairo was too far from the ancient course of the Nile to support a cit...
28: ...t]], which lay close to an ancient Egyptian canal from the Nile to the Red Sea.
30: ...Abbasid]]s, and contains the first [[mosque]] in Africa.
32: ... settlement grew into a small city. The [[North Africa]]n [[Shiite]] [[Fatimid]] Dynasty conquered Eg... - Flute (11293 bytes)
1: ...ther wind instruments, a flute produces its sound from the flow of air against an edge, instead of usi...
6: from : www.flute.com.cn[http://www.flute.com.cn]
7: ...o its simplicity and pleasing sound. A flute made from a [[mammoth]] bone, found in the [[Swabian Alb|...
9: ...asier to play, but takes a degree of control away from the musician. Usually fipple flutes are not ref...
25: ...several inches wide, while a concert flute's is a fraction of an inch. - Oboe (5230 bytes)
3: ...he [[shawm]]. The word "oboe" is derived from the French word ''hautbois'', meaning "high wood". It is...
11: The oboe first appeared in French courts around [[1650]]. In the [[17th century...
13: ... The commonly accepted range for the oboe extends from B♭3 to A6, nearly three octaves. In the ...
17: ...anesby]]. The range for the Baroque oboe extends from C4 to E♭6.
19: [[Image:Oboe.png|left|framed|border width=0|Classical Oboe]] - Shawm (725 bytes)
1: ...]] of the [[woodwind]] family, made in [[Europe]] from the late [[13th century]] until the [[17th cent...
5: ...e shawm in the mid-17th century when the [[France|French]] [[musician]]s [[Jean Hotteterre]] and [[Mic... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
1: [[Image:USAFE Band trumpeter.jpg|frame|right|Trumpeter performing with the United Sta...
2: ...[euphonium]], [[trombone]], [[sousaphone]], and [[french horn]]. A person who plays the trumpet is cal...
6: ...pet player can select the [[pitch (music)|pitch]] from a range of [[overtone]]s or [[harmonics]] by ch...
11: ... [[Baroque]] trumpets. The modern trumpet evolved from earlier non-valved instruments, such as the Bar...
16: The B♭ trumpet's typical range extends from the written F♯ (concert E) immediately be... - Sheng (instrument) (1217 bytes)
3: ...[[Pinyin]] ''shēng'') is a [[mouth]]-blown [[free reed instrument]] (the first) consisting essent... - Appalachian dulcimer (3259 bytes)
3: ...boards allowing two players to closely sit across from each other to perform duets, hence the name.
5: ...d pluck or strum the strings with one hand, while fretting with the other. In practice, a wide variety...
7: ... as "noters". More contemporary play has borrowed from chord theory and guitar analogues to create a v...
10: The [[fret]]s of the Appalachian dulcimer are arranged in ...
14: ...uments. Modern dulcimer enthusiasts run the gamut from traditional folk music through experimental for... - Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
32: ...ging that the "S" stood for Simpson. He graduated from West Point in [[1843]], ranking 21st in a class...
34: ...[August 22]], [[1848]]. They had four children: [[Frederick Dent Grant]], Ulysses S. (Buck) Grant, Jr....
39: ...pultepec]]. On [[July 31]], [[1854]], he resigned from the army. Seven years of civilian life followed...
48: ... attack until the enemy surrendered or was driven from the field. Such tactics often resulted in heavy...
50: ...in which the destruction of an enemy's economic infrastructure that supplied its armies was as importa... - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...Events of the Millennium by LIFE Magazine. Apart from Gutenberg, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Laurens ...
8: ... using "rag" [[paper]] introduced into [[Europe]] from [[China]] by way of [[Muslims]], who had a pape...
12: ... books were copied mainly in [[monasteries]], or (from the [[13th century]]) in commercial [[scriptori...
14: ... printing presses an industry requiring a licence from the Catholic Church (an idea rejected in the en...
16: ...vention in 1453, towns from Hungary to Spain, and from Italy to Britain had functional printing presse... - Geology (12007 bytes)
1: '''Geology''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] γη- (''ge-''...
3: ... which includes the [[Crust (geology)|crust]], is fragmented into [[tectonic plates]] that move over a...
10: ...gical [[stratum]] in a mountain hundreds of miles from the ocean, he inferred that the land was formed...
12: ...her languages of Europe such as [[French language|French]]. [[Georg Bauer]] (Georg Agricola), a physic...
16: ... the [[Volcano|volcanic]] origins of this part of France. [[James Hutton]] recorded his ''Theory of th... - Canada (35540 bytes)
3: ...e of the many "main" articles about Canada linked from this article, e.g., [[Politics of Canada]], [[G...
10: ...[English language|English]] and [[French language|French]]. Its [[Statistics Canada|official]] populat...
17: ...ions]], the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], and [[La Francophonie]]. Canada is officially [[Bilingualism ...
18: * [[Canadian French|French]] is the majority language of [[Quebec]] and ...
46: ...t|[[New Brunswick]]||[[Fredericton, New Brunswick|Fredericton]] - Kazakhstan (26806 bytes)
3: ...ww.stat.kz/en/info/stat-bul/stbr&e0303.pdf], down from 16,464,464 in [[1989]] [http://www.stat.kz/ru/d...
50: | From [[Soviet Union]], [[December 16]], [[1991]]
70: ...an since the [[1st century BC|first century BC]]. From the [[4th century|fourth century AD]] through t...
72: ... the livestock-based economy. The Kazakhs emerged from a mixture of tribes living in the region in abo...
76: ...ose still further once the [[Trans-Aral Railway]] from [[Orenburg]] to [[Tashkent]] was completed in 1... - Central African Republic (6564 bytes)
1: ...[[equator]], separating the [[Congo River]] basin from [[Lake Chad]] and the [[White Nile]] river basi...
2: ...f [[Ubangi-Shari]], the nation was first ruled by French [[plantocracy|plantation]] interests, and, fo...
4: |+<big><big>'''Republique Centrafricaine'''<br></big></big>
8: | align="center" width="140px" | [[image:Central african republic flag large.png|125px|]]
11: ...lign="center" width="140px" | ([[Flag of Central African Republic|In Detail]]) - Republic of the Congo (9324 bytes)
7: ...= Unité¬ Travail, Progres <br> ([[French language|French]]: Unity, Work, Progress) |
10: official_languages = [[French language|French]] |
35: established_dates = From [[France]] <br> [[15 August]], [[1960]] |
36: currency = [[CFA franc]] |
47: ...inea]]. Upon independence in [[1960]], the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of... - Democratic Republic of the Congo (21095 bytes)
1: ...ocidal]] [[Second Congo War]] (known also as the African World War), the deadliest conflict since [[Wo...
16: official_languages = [[French language|French]] |
41: established_dates = From [[Belgium]] <br> [[June 30]], [[1960]] |
42: currency = [[Congolese franc]] |
50: ...on regression; other PPP figures are extrapolated from the latest International Comparison Programme b... - Gabon (7342 bytes)
1: ...autocratic]] presidents since independence from [[France]] on [[August 17]], [[1960]], Gabon introduce...
19: | [[French language|French]]
31: | [[Jean-Fran篩s Ntoutoume Emane]]
46: | (From [[France]])
51: | [[CFA franc]] - Luxembourg (11321 bytes)
1: ...the continental [[European Union]], bordered by [[France]], [[Germany]] and [[Belgium]].<br>
15: ...'''[[Official languages]]''' || [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]], [[Luxembourgis...
48: ...sup>1</sup> Prior to [[1999]]: [[Franc|Luxembourg franc]].</small>
53: ...]], [[Habsburg]]s, [[Hohenzollern]]s and [[France|French]]. Even after the [[Treaty of Paris (1815)|de...
101: ...on of three official languages: [[French language|French]], [[German language|German]] and [[Luxemburg... - Blacktip Reef Shark (3751 bytes)
17: ...do not venture into tropical lakes and rivers far from the [[ocean]].
26: ...g for 16 months. The shark's size at birth ranges from 33-52 [[cm]].
32: Blacktip Reef Sharks are often the [[bycatch]] from other fisheries and are often caught and wasted...
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