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- Woodworking (12397 bytes)
9: .... Examples of [[Bronze Age]] wood-carving include trees worked into [[coffin]]s from northern Germany ...
13: ...[[geomancy]]. It mentions almost nothing of the intricate glueless and nailless joinery for which Chin...
22: ...ex grain, usually taken from cancerous growths on trees
24: ...carving: incised surface decoration, usually geometric
28: ...ree where a branch divides from the trunk, or the trunk divides in two; typically an area of convolute... - Flute (11293 bytes)
1: ...roduces its sound from the flow of air against an edge, instead of using a [[Reed (music)|reed]]. A [[mu...
3: ...a very high degree of instantaneous expressive control.
7: ...o 37,000 years ago is the oldest known musical instrument. [http://www.cbc.ca/story/arts/national/2004...
9: ...strument easier to play, but takes a degree of control away from the musician. Usually fipple flutes a...
11: ...rn concert flute, [[piccolo]], [[fife (musical instrument)|fife]], and [[bansuri]]; and [[end-blown fl... - Nose flute (4426 bytes)
1: ...ayed in [[Polynesia]] and the [[Pacific rim]] countries.
3: ...is played by eight different ethnic groups,(see entry in Groves for ''Bolukuluku'').
5: ...e node wall can rest against the bottom of the nostril itself, (as in the playing position used for th...
9: ...alls at both ends of the bamboo tube, with the nostril holes on the side in front of the nodes (along ...
11: ...from a [[cigarette]] and plug the other unused nostril to increase the force of their breath through t... - Pan pipes (2209 bytes)
2: ...a;γξ) has long been popular as a folk instrument, and is considered the ancestor of both the ...
4: ...wax - commonly [[beeswax]] - to tune their new instruments.
6: ...tally across the open end against the sharp inner edge of the pipes. This creates the regular series of ...
8: ...oth singular and plural.) Other names for the instrument include '''panflute''' and the [[medieval]] ...
10: ... time. They are also very popular in [[Peru]]vian traditional groups and other [[Andean music]]. - Recorder (12954 bytes)
1: ...d by finger holes in the front and back of the instrument. Because of the fixed position of the windwa...
3: ...t is now generally accepted, however, that the instrument intended was the sopranino recorder.
5: ...e that mastery is similarly easy -- like other instruments, it requires talent and study to play it at...
9: ... soprano and the alto are the most common solo instruments in the recorder family.
11: ...l key. Basically, a recorder is a [[diatonic]] instrument, with one hole for each note of the scale of... - Shakuhachi (6042 bytes)
1: ...[[shakuhachi]], showing its ''utaguchi'' (blowing edge) and inlay ]]
3: ...ing held transversely like the familiar Western [[transverse flute]]. It was used by the monks of the ...
16: ...rp edge, allowing the player substantial pitch control. The five finger holes are tuned to a [[pentato...
18: ... produce virtually any note they wish from the instrument, and play a wide repertoire of original Zen ...
26: ...un to give them "exclusive rights" to play the instrument! In return, some were required to spy for th... - Trumpet (13239 bytes)
1: [[Image:USAFE Band trumpeter.jpg|frame|right|Trumpeter performing with the United States Air Forc...
2: ...he trumpet is called a ''trumpeter'' or simply, ''trumpet player''.
4: ==Construction==
5: ...large-01.jpg|thumb|250px|left|A standard B♭ trumpet]]
6: ...he pitch of the instrument. Three valves make the trumpet fully [[chromatic]], allowing the player to ... - Accordion (10069 bytes)
2: ...portable [[free reed instrument|free-reed wind instrument]] with a [[musical keyboard|keyboard]], the ...
4: ...ssible that some ancient civilisation had reed instruments. It has been suggested that they may have e...
6: Simple metal or wood reed instruments ("Maultrommel", Jews' Harp) were likely precursors.
10: ...ne end and free at the other, like a ruler on the edge of a table top. The reed is fitted inside a holde...
12: Modern free-reed instruments have several aspects in common: - History of ancient Egypt (28563 bytes)
27: ...griculture|agricultural]] [[economy]] and more centralized [[society]] (see [[Nile#History|Nile: Histo...
29: ...ey were [[herding]] cattle and [[construction|constructing]] large buildings.
31: .../entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12495079]; reveals also that ''moder...
33: Traditionally, Egypt was said to have been unified b...
39: ...ded something more. Thus, the Egyptians began construction of the [[mastaba|mastabas]]. - James Madison (15187 bytes)
18: ... Hamilton]], of the [[Federalist Papers]], and is traditionally regarded as the ''[[List of people kno...
23: ...nted in the new Congress, Madison was one of the strongest advocates of state representation depending...
29: ...e governed; and in the next place oblige it to control itself."
31: ...ed Jefferson and believed strongly in limiting centralized power.
33: ...[Dolley Madison|Dolley Payne Todd]], who cut as attractive and vivacious a figure as he did a sickly a... - Printing press (12986 bytes)
4: ...xts such as the "Pauper's Bibles" emphasized illustrations and used words sparsely. As a new block had...
6: ...ina until the European style printing press was introduced in relatively recent times (thus bringing t...
8: ...nvention of the press. The claim that Gutenberg introduced or invented the printing press in Europe is...
14: ...lamic world, where calligraphic traditions were extremely important, and also in the Far East.
16: ...d expansion shows not only a higher level of industry (fueled by the high-quality European paper mills... - Plate tectonics (27764 bytes)
3: ... activity]], [[mountain]]-building, and [[oceanic trench]] formation occur along plate boundaries (mos...
5: ...development of the [[periodic table]] for [[chemistry]], the discovery of the [[genetic code]] for [[g...
10: ...tures like mountains, [[volcano]]es and [[oceanic trench]]es. The majority of the world's active volca...
17: ... plates is therefore either [[sinistral]] or [[dextral]].
23: === Transform (conservative) boundaries === - Earth (30908 bytes)
7: ... is the largest of the [[solar system]]'s [[terrestrial planet]]s, and the only planetary body that [[...
14: ...50 m) and the lowest (the bottom of the [[Mariana Trench]], at 10,911 m below sea level). Thus the Ear...
16: === Structure ===
17: ...magnetic field]] due to the convection of its electrically conductive material.
57: ====Structure==== - North American Plate (1264 bytes)
8: ...cting [[Juan de Fuca Plate]] to the north and a [[transform boundary]] with the [[Pacific Plate]] to t...
10: On its western edge the [[Farallon Plate]] has been [[subduction|subd... - South America (5078 bytes)
5: ...ent; the land to the east of the Andes is largely tropical [[rain forest]], the vast [[Amazon River]] ...
9: ...and Bridge]], now the [[Bering Strait|Bering]] [[strait]], though there are also suggestions of migrat...
15: ... various [[island]]s, most of which belong to countries on the continent. The [[Caribbean]] territorie...
17: The largest country in South America by far, in both area and popula...
95: | style="text-align:left;" | [[Trinidad and Tobago]] <sup>1</sup> - South American Plate (956 bytes)
6: ...ca Plate]] are still subducting under the western edge of the South American Plate. - Land bridge (3351 bytes)
4: ...ge was during the last glaciation, is part of the edge of the [[North American plate]]. For causes of s...
6: ...eanic [[tectonic plate]] off the west coast of Central America is being [[subduction|subducted]] in a ...
16: ...re were land bridges between [[New Guinea]], [[Australia]], and [[Tasmania]]. The combined continent ...
20: ...lroad]] industry, '''land bridge''' refers to the transport of [[containerization|containers]] by rail...
23: ...in the country, and potentially with adjacent countries. - Republic of Ireland (25543 bytes)
1: ...the [[European Union]], and has a [[developed country|developed economy]] and an approximate populatio...
6: {{Infobox Country |
40: established_dates = From [[United Kingdom|UK]] by treaty<br>[[21 January]] [[1919]]<br>[[6 December]] ...
58: ...''Ireland'' is used for official purposes such as treaties, government and legal documents and members...
67: ...n as of yet undecided new set of measures to be introduced for the area temporarily excluded. Though i... - Finland (29511 bytes)
1: ...ken Finland'') is a [[Nordic countries|Nordic country]] in northeastern [[Europe]], bordered by the [[...
27: |[[List of countries by area|Ranked 63th]] <br>[[1 E11 m?|338,145 k...
30: |[[List of countries by population|Ranked 109th]] <br>5,211,311<br>...
44: | '''[[List_of_country_calling_codes|Calling Code]]''' || +358
51: ...ally in the northern and eastern parts of the country. - Israel (51605 bytes)
1: ...controls, including the [[West Bank]] and [[Gaza Strip]], borders the states of [[Lebanon]], [[Syria]]...
5: {{Infobox Country |
60: ...ael (about 25% of the Jewish population, see [[Destruction of Jerusalem]]). After crushing [[Bar Kokhb...
68: ...s subject to waves of invasions and changes of control, including rule by the [[Seljuks]], [[Fatimids]...
73: ...ory into two parts. The eastern portion, called [[Transjordan]], became the Arab state of [[Jordan]] i...
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