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- History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
4: ...oric times. Most [[Stone Age]] statuettes were made of ivory or soft stone, however some clay human a...
6: ...aterials used for sculpture during this time included basalt, diorite (a type of dark, coarse-grained ...
8: ...ith gold and mosaic inlay with a black-bearded golden bull's head.
11: ...ieved to represent Hammurabi. The head has the wide open eyes, typical of the time period.
13: ...t can have four legs visible if viewed from the side. The piece was excavated at [[Nimrud]] (in north... - Glass (26176 bytes)
1: The materials definition of a '''glass''' is a uniform [[amorphous...
3: ...ed the word ''glaes'' to describe [[amber]], recorded by [[Roman Empire|Roman]] historians as ''glaesu...
5: ...glasses in common use as a building, container or decorative material.
9: ...d with very smooth and impervious surfaces. These desirable properties lead to a great many uses of gl...
13: ...ommon glass''' is mostly amorphous [[silicon dioxide]] ([[Silicon|Si]][[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>), which... - Pre-historic art (9744 bytes)
7: ...]], now suggests that Neanderthal humans may have developed a sophisticated and more complicated artis...
9: ...ron]] and [[manganese]] and indicates that it was decorated by someone and used as a figurine, regardl...
12: ...objects, like the paddles from [[Tybrind Vig]], [[Denmark]], are known as well.
15: ... by impressing the wet clay with braided or unbraided cord and sticks with a growing sophistication. S...
20: ... style are to be classified as art is a matter of definition. - Heraldry (23465 bytes)
1: ...r [[jousting|jousts]] and to describe the various devices they carried or [[paint]]ed on their [[shiel...
3: ...ster. Dexter ("right" in [[Latin]]) is the left side of the shield, and sinister ("left") is the right...
5: ...he shield is immaterial and different artists can depict the same coat of arms on many different shape...
7: ...use bold, vivid colours rather than [[pastel]] shades.
9: ...plete depiction of a coat-of-arms, the crest is a design affixed to the [[helmet]]. Crests can also be... - Manuscript (5266 bytes)
1: ...uced some other way. Information may be hand-recorded in other ways than in manuscripts, as [[inscript...
8: ...oll]]s (''volumen'' in Latin) or [[book]]s (''[[codex]], codices''). Manuscripts were produced on [[v...
10: ...ch making a single copy from an original that was declaimed aloud.
12: ... languages]], written on palm leaves, survived in desert burials in the [[Tarim Basin]] of Central Asi...
16: ...brew language|Hebrew]] manuscripts, such as the [[Dead Sea scrolls]] make no such differentiation. - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: ...ecorative [[writing]]. A style of calligraphy is described as a ''hand''.
4: ...d [[epigraphy]]. Epigraphy is a branch of the broader study of ancient handwriting in more general ter...
8: ...dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Alt...
10: ...34269;, all meaning "the way of writing") is considered an important art in [[East Asia]] and the most...
12: ...he Prime Minister [[Li Si]] drew up an official index of characters and unified the written form for t... - Seal (device) (5951 bytes)
2: ...ignature]]. The word is also used to describe the device used to make this impression. The study of se...
6: ...struments required seals for validity (i.e. the [[deed]] or [[covenant]]) it is rather uncommon for pr...
8: ...overnments would often send letters to citizens under the governmental seal for their eyes only. Thes...
14: == Seal as device ==
16: ...cient [[Mesopotamia]] seals were engraved on cylinders, which could be rolled to create an impression ... - Weaving (6924 bytes)
1: ...rn), or it can be woven in decorative or artistic designs, including [[tapestry|tapestries]].
3: ...heir fabrics, regardless of the complexity of the design.
5: ...dye]]d before weaving is called [[ikat]]. Fabric decorated using a wax resist method is called [[bati...
9: .... The weft thread crosses the warp in some over/under sequence. The nature of that sequence gives rise...
11: ...rsely, if the warp is spread out, the weft can slide down and completely cover the warp, giving a ''we... - Carpet (15753 bytes)
1: ...s or used on tables. Only with the opening of trade routes in the 17th century were significant numbe...
3: ...floor covering that is loose-laid, most often for decorative purposes.
8: ...of carpet 1.jpg|thumb|250px|Swatches of machine-made carpet]]
10: ...eave]]. Types of European flatwoven carpets include Venetian, Dutch, [[damask]], list, [[haircloth]],...
12: ...ch as burlap. This type of rug is now generally made as a [[handicraft]]. - Greek language (35285 bytes)
9: '''Modern Greek'''
13: ...story of some 3,000 years. It is symbolically divided in four historical periods:
17: ...n the armies and conquered territories of [[Alexander the Great]], but after the [[Hellenistic]] colon...
21: ...poken by approximately 15 million speakers worldwide, most of whom live in [[Greece]].
32: ... since the [[2nd millennium BC]]. The earliest evidence of this is found in the [[Linear B]] tablets d... - Marco Polo (6716 bytes)
1: ... January]] [[1324]]) was a [[Venice|Venetian]] trader and [[exploration|explorer]] who, together with ...
5: ...affio'') were prosperous merchants in the East trade. The two merchants set out to [[Asia]] in [[1255]...
7: ...ed prominence in Venice and are historically recorded as Venetians.
13: ... more advanced than similar contemporary European developments.
18: ...nt the few months of his imprisonment dictating a detailed account of his travels in the then-unknown ... - Ponce De Leon (5480 bytes)
2: ...] by appointment of the Spanish Crown. He is regarded as the first [[Europe]]an known to have visited ...
4: ...m and to which the natives had no immunity. Ponce de León, however, became rich while serving as Gove...
6: ...right|thumb|Cacique Agueybana greeting Juan Ponce de León]]
7: ...d been damaged. Not wishing to serve Diego, Ponce de León obtained title to explore the areas north o...
9: ...de los Castellanos'' of [[Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas]]. - Matthew Henson (1087 bytes)
- Ptolemy (10609 bytes)
5: ... manuscripts (hence its familiar name) and only made available in Latin translation (by [[Gerard of Cr...
7: ...modern system of constellations, but unlike the modern system they did not cover the whole sky.
11: ...ar circle). He put the meridian of 0 longitude at the most western land he knew, the Canary Isla...
13: ...|thumb|300px|Ptolemy System Explained. Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clipar...
14: ...f latitude from the Arctic to the East-indies and deep into Africa; Ptolemy was well aware that he kne... - Aristarchus (4292 bytes)
1: ...olemy]], until they were successfully revived and developed by [[Copernicus]] nearly 2000 years later.
7: ...[hypothesis]] of the heliocentric model. [[Archimedes]] wrote:
9: ...it appears, as a consequence of the assumptions made, that the universe is many times greater than the...
11: ...table with [[telescope]]s. But the [[geocentric model]] was assumed to be a simpler, better explanatio...
17: ...arth was 42,000 km in [[circumference]], he concluded that the Moon was 14,000 km in circumference. Th... - Ptolemy Philadelphus (618 bytes)
1: [[da:Ptomelaios Philadelphus]]
3: ...pater, the son of King [[Herod the Great]] of [[Judea]]. - Music (16462 bytes)
16: ...ften considered an aspect of music, if it is considered to exist.
18: ... the expense of rhythm and timbre. John Cage considers duration the primary aspect of music because it...
20: ...actual performance but also how music is heard, understood, even learned." <sup>[[#Notes|6]]</sup>
25: ...mmon terms used to discuss particular pieces include [[note]], which is an abstraction which refers to...
31: ...ch creates, performs, and promotes music. A great deal of music is produced by [[amateur]]s. - Clavichord (3295 bytes)
3: ...bout the fourteenth century and continued to be made until the 1840s, and was revived by Arnold Dolmet...
5: ... volume of the note can be changed by striking harder or softer, and the pitch can also be varied by v...
9: ... labelled ''organ'' by the composers and now regarded as organ repertoire were in fact more accurately...
13: ...Miklos Spanyi, and fine modern copies have been made by makers including Peter Bavington, Martin Kathe...
15: ...c clavichord which uses a magnetic pickup to provide a signal for amplification. - Definitions of music (17609 bytes)
1: ...c actually consists of is something that is still debated today.
4: ... by way of the Latin ''musica''. It is ultimately derived from ''mousa'', the Greek word for [[muses|m...
6: ... may be combined with it in song) is relatively modern.
10: ...s. From this concept later resulted the romantic idea of a music of the spheres.
12: ..., all things were connected with each other - a mode of thought that finds its traces today in the [[o... - Geography (8541 bytes)
1: [[Image:Environment_09.jpg|thumb|250px|Image provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip A...
2: ...φειν'' ("to write," as in "to describe").
11: ...dun maintained the Greek and Roman techniques and developed new ones.
13: ...s]] revived a desire for both accurate geographic detail, and more solid theoretical foundations. This...
15: ...]], as well as [[economics]], [[sociology]] and [[demographics]].
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