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- Helium (36603 bytes)
104: ... are the lowest among the elements and it exists only as a [[gas]] except in extreme conditions. Extre...
112: ...aning it heats up when allowed to freely expand. Only below its [[Joule-Thomson inversion temperature]...
114: ... [[band system]]s, and HgHe, which is apparently only held together by polarization forces <!-- ref: '...
117: ...T] it is 50 times more compressible than water. Unlike any other element, helium will fail to solidif...
120: ... the lambda point, when it stops boiling and suddenly expands. The rate of expansion decreases below t... - Hydrogen (20221 bytes)
110: ...boratory]], hydrogen is prepared by reaction of [[acid]]s on metals such as [[zinc]]. For production in ...
113: ...omic gas, H<sub>2</sub>, with a boiling point of only 20.27 [[Kelvin|K]] and a melting point of 1...
125: ...ment is used in the manufacture of [[hydrochloric acid]], [[welding]], and the reduction of metallic [[o...
138: ...s. The hydrogen was obtained by mixing [[sulfuric acid]] and [[iron]].
144: ...[[quantum mechanics]] the electron is allowed to only be at very specific distances from the proton. M... - Laboratory (5761 bytes)
4: All laboratories share some common features, mainly [[Laboratory equipment]] and [[Laboratory glassw...
6: ...ored. This stockroom prepares all the reagents ([[acid]]s, [[base]]s, [[buffer]]s) of various quantities...
22: ...dry chemicals available to prepare [[buffer]]s, [[acid]]s and [[base]]s, and other reagents. Chemical la...
44: ...t attempt to undertake experiments or procedures unless a trained chemist or scientist is present. - Iodine (11416 bytes)
52: | ?1,5,7 (strong [[acid]])
142: ...carbon disulfide to form purple solutions (It is only slightly [[solubility|soluble]] in water). The d...
145: ...little iodine in the diet—typically remote inland
156: ...too unstable to be used commercially, but is commonly used in college [[prank]]s
160: ...c acid]]. One day Curtois added too much sulfuric acid and cloud of purple vapor rose. Curtois noted tha... - Iridium (10102 bytes)
169: ... metal known. Iridium cannot be attacked by any [[acid]]s or by [[aqua regia]], but it can be attacked b...
171: The measured [[density]] of this element is only slightly lower than that of [[osmium]], which is...
178: ...for carbonylation of methanol to produce [[acetic acid]]
182: ...f [[hydrochloric acid|hydrochloric]] and [[nitric acid]]). The element was named after the Latin word fo...
198: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/77.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Iron (23778 bytes)
146: ... [[sulfur]], [[silicon]] and [[phosphorus]]. Its only significance is that of an intermediate step on ...
167: ...tricate shapes, but is too brittle to be worked, unless the product is ''decarburized'' to remove most...
169: ...elopment lagged in Europe, as the smelters could only achieve temperatures of about 1000 K. Through a ...
216: ... nonspecifically to [[cell membranes]], [[nucleic acids]], [[proteins]] etc.
218: ...her sea life|marine invertebrate]]s) and [[purple acid phosphatase]] ([[hydrolysis]] of [[phosphate]] [[... - Krypton (9031 bytes)
194: ...nd a [[salt]] of a krypton called [[oxygen|oxy]][[acid]] have also been found. [[argon|Ar]]Kr+ and Kr[[h... - Lanthanum (10184 bytes)
121: * [[Lanthanum Nitrate]] is mainly applied in specialty glass, water treatment and ...
124: ... treating the resulting salt with dilute [[nitric acid]]. From the resulting solution, he isolated a new...
145: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/57.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Lead (8244 bytes)
3: ...n building construction, [[lead-acid battery|lead-acid batteries]], [[bullet]]s and shot, and is part of...
6: ... [[antimony]] or other metals to it. Lead is the only metal in which there is zero [[Peltier-Seebeck e...
26: ...ch is reported relative to <sup>204</sup>Pb, the only non-radiogenic stable isotope. The ranges of iso...
36: ...ry glazes have on occasion caused poisoning, when acid drinks, such as fruit juices, have leached lead i...
53: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/82.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Aluminium (26079 bytes)
66: ...s]] (although its [[electrical conductivity]] is only 60% that of [[copper]], it's lighter in weight a...
70: *[[Powder]]ed aluminium is commonly used for [[silvering]] in [[paint]]. Aluminium f...
82: ... ordinary clay. He also assured the Emperor that only he, himself, and the Gods knew how to produce th...
97: ... its oxide is an extremely stable compound that, unlike rust on steel, does not flake off. The very re...
99: ...mounts of [[electricity]]; recycling it requires only 5% of the energy to produce it. A common practic... - Manganese (14965 bytes)
38: ... </td><td>7,6,4,'''2''',3 (strong acid)</td></tr>
106: ...asily oxidized. Manganese metal is ferromagnetic only after special treatment.
112: ...s, manganese is a key component of low-cost [[stainless steel]] formulations and certain widely used [...
139: ...te]], also called [[Condy's crystals]], is a commonly used laboratory [[reagent]] because of its oxidi...
155: Acidic permanganate solutions will oxidize any organic... - Mercury (element) (24761 bytes)
177: ...silvery, [[transition metal]], mercury is one of only two elements that are [[liquid]] at room tempera...
184: ...dmium]] and does not displace [[hydrogen]] from [[acid]]s. Common [[oxidation state]]s of this element a...
210: ...cal symbols for the metal (left). Mercury is the only metal for which the alchemical planetary name be...
268: ...nhibited by several mercury compounds, the lipoic acid component of the multienzyme complex binds mercur...
274: ...y emit it in dry air. [http://www.ornl.gov/info/ornlreview/rev29-12/text/environ.htm#trees] Plant and... - Molybdenum (10247 bytes)
52: | 2,3,4,5,'''6''' (strong [[acid]])
186: ...of [[purine]] degradation and formation of [[uric acid]]. In some animals, adding a small amount of diet...
192: ...ly low toxicity. Acute toxicity in [[human]]s is unlikely because the dose required would be exception...
194: ...ng their soil to compensate for the effect of the acid. The lime caused changes to the levels of [[cadmi...
199: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/42.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Niobium (10560 bytes)
52: | 5, 3 (mildly [[acid]]ic)
175: ...a number of uses: it is a component of some [[stainless steel]]s and an [[alloy]] of other nonferrous ...
177: ... welding]] rods for some stabilized grades of stainless [[steel]].
199: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/41.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Nitrogen (10073 bytes)
18: ...tates | ±'''3''', 5, 4, 2<br />(strongly [[acid]]ic oxide) }}
36: ...important compounds such as [[ammonia]], [[nitric acid]], and [[cyanide]]s.
42: ...rcuit]]s, and is used in the manufacture of [[stainless steel]].
46: The salts of [[nitric acid]] include some important compounds, for example [...
48: [[Nitric acid]] is used as an oxidizer in liquid fueled [[rocke... - Osmium (11139 bytes)
41: ...ide]]) </td><td>4, 6, 8 (mildly [[acid]]ic)</td></tr>
177: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/76.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Oxygen (9039 bytes)
37: ...umber]] 8. The element is very common, found not only on [[Earth]] but throughout the [[universe]], us...
42: ...ifferent_definitions_of_acid.2Fbase|definition of acid]] has since been revised to not require oxygen in...
49: ...siderable use as an [[Oxidation|oxidizer]], with only [[fluorine]] having a higher [[electronegativity...
51: ...fect; indeed such a mixture ([[Entonox]]) is commonly used in medicine today.
63: ... (R-OH), [[aldehyde]]s, (R-CHO), and [[carboxylic acid]]s (R-COOH). Oxygenated [[radical (chemistry)|rad... - Palladium (9737 bytes)
154: ...ric acid]] but dissolves slowly in [[hydrochloric acid]]. This metal also does not react with [[oxygen]]...
193: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/46.html Los Alamos National Laborato... - Phosphorus (11557 bytes)
22: ..._oxistates | ±3, '''5''', 4<br />(mildly [[acid]]ic oxide) }}
41: ...l]] of the [[nitrogen group]], phosphorus is commonly found in inorganic phosphate rocks and in all li...
52: Concentrated [[phosphoric acid]]s, which can consist of 70% to 75% P<sub>2</sub...
72: ...s a vapor and can be collected under [[phosphoric acid]].
75: ... reactivity to atmospheric oxygen, and it should only be manipulated with forceps since contact with [... - Platinum (10600 bytes)
166: ...known as [[aqua regia]] (forming [[chloroplatinic acid]]). Common [[oxidation state]]s of platinum inclu...
169: The name platinum mainly derives from the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''...
190: ...sed makes up for the fact that platinum makes up only two parts per million of the ore.
202: *[http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/78.html Los Alamos National Laborato...
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