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- History of philosophy (13862 bytes)
7: ...verything from [[Post-Medieval]] through the specific period of the early [[20th century]].
10: ...Greek cities of western Asia Minor (Ionia) with [[Thales]] of Miletus, who was active around 585 B.C. and ...
12: ...g the most important were [[Heraclitus]] ("All is fire", all is [[chao]]tic and transitory), [[Anaxago...
14: ...ssing popular philosophical questions. The theory fills in the blanks by saying that the Sophists' stu...
16: ...terchangeably, was destroying the piety and moral fiber of the city. - Cartography (10500 bytes)
3: ...for a variety of purposes. Current trends in this field are moving away from analog methods of mapmaki...
9: ...tp://www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/PROJ/NIP/PUB93/NSC/NSCFIG7.html]. The [[Ancient Egypt|Egypt]]ians later us...
11: ... In [[288 BCE]], [[Aristarchus]] of Samos was the first to say that the [[sun]] was the center of univ...
13: ...ater became the basis of [[mathematics]], was the first notable person to say that the earth was a sph...
21: ...phical thought turned toward religion. Though the field advanced in some ways, such as [[Roger Bacon]]... - Egyptian chronology (11665 bytes)
5: ...sider the creation of an Egyptian chronology a difficult task. As Dr. Robert A. Hatch of the Universit...
13: ...ling modern Egyptian chronology, so the previous "firm" dates cannot be supported astronomically.
21: ...hres]] was a king of the [[fifth dynasty of Egypt|fifth dynasty]] that had begun with [[Userkaf]] and ...
23: ...uthorities in different decades offered different figures (5513, 5568, 5700, 5730, or 5770) years for ...
29: ...heliacal rising]] of [[Sirius]] took place on the first day of the seventh year of [[Sesostris III]] o... - Alyattes II (1682 bytes)
3: ...es were suspended, peace concluded, and the Halys fixed as the boundary between the two kingdoms.
11: ...854]], who found that it covered a large vault of finely-cut marble blocks approached by a flat-roofed... - Anaximander (3421 bytes)
1: ...he computations of [[Apollodorus of Athens]] have fixed his birth in 611, and his death shortly after ...
6: ...ginning or first principle (''[[arche]],'' a word first found in Anaximander's writings, and which he ...
8: He never defined this principle precisely, and it has generally...
10: ...nd they parted into several wheel-shaped and fire-filled bubbles of air.
14: ... response to the earlier theory of his teacher, [[Thales]], who had claimed that the primary substance was... - Pythagoras (10747 bytes)
6: ...ratic]]s, grace smells one can say little with confidence about his life and teachings. Pythagoras an...
17: ...er [[taboo]]s, including the proper way to stir a fire or place one's shoes before going to sleep.
23: ...original teaching. Even today, scholars cannot definitively identify the "real" Pythagoreans.
25: ...mer, a pioneering scientist, or a wild [[shaman]]-figure. <!-- examples here might be nice --> The tru...
30: ==Scientific contributions== - Geometry (3634 bytes)
1: ... in [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] culture by [[Thales]] (circa 624-547 BC) dealing with spatial relatio...
3: ...ut can be used in conjunction with mathematical definitions for [[point (geometry)|points]], [[line_(m...
5: ...r-and-compass constructions]]. The next most significant development had to wait until a millennium la...
7: ...f ''congruence''. In [[Euclidean geometry]], two figures are said to be [[congruence (geometry)|congr...
9: ...transformation is allowed, and so the first three figures are all congruent; distances and angles are ... - Human (48024 bytes)
21: ...spiritual]] terms. Biologically, humans are classified as the [[species]] '''Homo sapiens''' ([[Latin]...
24: ...spection]]. A concept current within the [[scientific community]] is that [[human evolution]] occured ...
45: ...d could be used of a [[mythical being]], an [[artificial intelligence]], or an [[extraterrestrial]]. A...
49: ==Classification and evolution==
54: ... two species of [[chimpanzee]]s should be reclassified from ''[[Pan troglodytes]]'' and ''[[Pan panisc... - Archimedes (13735 bytes)
4: ...public|Roman]] [[siege]] in the [[First Punic War|First]] and [[Second Punic War]]s. He is reputed to ...
6: ...ssible invention of the [[odometer]] during the [[First Punic War]]. One of his inventions used for m...
8: ...ht onto the attacking ships causing them to catch fire. This popular legend was tested on the Discover...
12: ...f it as between 3 + 1/7 and 3 + 10/71. He was the first, and possibly the only, [[ancient Greece|Greek...
20: ...sing infinitesimals (see "[[How Archimedes used infinitesimals]]"). - Capacitor (29664 bytes)
2: ...a device that stores [[energy]] in the [[electric field]] created between a pair of conductors on whic...
9: ...leftward electric field that partially annuls the field created by the plates. (The air gap is shown ...
22: ... across the capacitor, and therefore the electric field. This is given by:
43: === Common types of fixed capacitor ===
45: ...justable versions have stability issues. Another figure of merit for analog components is stability w... - Philosophy (30964 bytes)
3: ...ech. This article will focus on philosophy as a ''field of study''.
5: ...n philosophy]] is tradition distinct and distinct field of study from Western philosophy. This articl...
9: ...f philosophy. Philosophers are motivated by specific questions such as:
17: ...[Aristotle]], who was the first to use this classification (as he believed that to call himself a [[so...
21: ...ar, used different categories than the Greeks. Definitions were not based on common features, but wer... - Electricity (13894 bytes)
1: ...d the other negative. Through experimentation, we find that like-charged objects repel and opposite-ch...
6: According to [[Thales|Thales of Miletus]], writing ''circa'' [[600 BCE]], a fo...
8: ...ave been used for [[electroplating]]. There is no firm documentary evidence to indicate what the objec...
10: ...sulator]]s; and [[C. F. Du Fay]], who first identified the two types of electricity that would later b...
22: ...lternating current]], which he used to build the first induction motor, invented in [[1882]]. In May ... - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
17: *[[Lars Ahlfors|Lars Valerian Ahlfors]] (Finland, [[1907]] - [[1996]])
195: *[[Bruno de Finetti]] (Italy, [[1906]] - [[1985]])
254: *[[Leonardo of Pisa|Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci]] (Italy, [[1170]] - [[1250]])
255: *[[John Charles Fields]] (Canada, [[1863]] - [[1932]])
256: *[[Thomas Fincke]] (Denmark, [[1561]] - [[1656]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
6: *[[Firmin Abauzit]], (1679-1767)
267: *[[Claude Buffier]], (1661-1737){{fn|R}}
348: *[[Andrea Christofidou]]
387: *[[Lady Anne Finch Conway]], (1631-1679){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
430: *[[Bruno de Finetti]], (1906-1985){{fn|O}} - Alchemy (42222 bytes)
2: ...hemistry prior to the formulation of the [[scientific method]].
11: ... traditions, basic observations, and mysticism to fill in the gaps.
17: ...of the fundamental [[empirical knowledge]] of the fields of chemistry and modern [[medicine]].
21: ...s research did not enter the mainstream of scientific discussion.
23: ...ms, being unstable [[isotope]]s, lasted for under five seconds before they broke apart. More recently... - Miletus (2255 bytes)
4: ...ite was inhabited since the [[Bronze age]]. It is first mentioned in [[Hittite]] records as ''Millawan...
9: ... mentioned in [[Hittite]] records should be identified with Miletus. In the [[1500s BC]], settlers fro...
11: ...f philosophy and science, producing such men as [[Thales]], [[Anaximander]] and [[Anaximenes of Miletus|An... - Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
4: ...scovery of [[precession]], the compilation of the first [[star catalogue]], and probably the invention...
16: ...r his name and show him with a [[globe]]; this confirms the tradition that he was born there.
22: ...recognized as the originator and father of scientific [[astronomy]]. He is believed to be the greates...
28: ...later references. However, achievements in these fields by middle-eastern civilizations, notably thos...
32: ...d to [[Kidinnu]]). Apparently Hipparchus only confirmed the validity of the periods he learned from t... - History of geography (6224 bytes)
5: ... the ports and landfalls a coastwise sailor would find along a coastline; two early examples that have...
9: ...map are prime examples of the new breed of scientific geography.
13: ...he Universe'', by [[Alexander von Humboldt]], the first volume of which was published in [[1845]]. Suc...
17: ...first full Chair of geography until [[1917]]. The first real geographical intellect to emerge in [[Uni...
23: ...mpted to make the study of such influences scientific. Around the 1930s, this school of thought was wi... - Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
3: ...scovery of [[precession]], the compilation of the first [[star catalogue]], and probably the invention...
15: ...r his name and show him with a [[globe]]; this confirms the tradition that he was born there.
21: ...recognized as the originator and father of scientific [[astronomy]]. He is believed to be the greates...
27: ...later references. However, achievements in these fields by middle-eastern civilizations, notably thos...
31: ...d to [[Kidinnu]]). Apparently Hipparchus only confirmed the validity of the periods he learned from t... - Geography1 (26085 bytes)
2: ...th sciences]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Pattison |first=W.D. |year=1990 |title=The Four Traditions of ...
5: ...e="Hayes-Bohanan">{{cite web |last=Hayes-Bohanan |first=James |title=What is Environmental Geography, ...
7: ...arc Alexander. Quoted in {{cite book |last=Baker |first=J.N.L |year=1963 |title=The History of Geograp...
9: ... two subfields using different approaches a third field has emerged, which is [[environmental geograph...
21: ... || [[Image:World11.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:Soil profile.jpg|96px]] || [[Image:Pangea animation 03.gif|9...
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