Woodrose
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| Woodrose Conservation status: Endangered | ||||||||||||||
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The woodrose, Dactylanthus taylorii, is a fully parasitic plant that grows on the roots of certain trees in New Zealand. The host tree responds to the presence of Dactylanthus by forming a burl-like structure that resembles a fluted wooden rose (hence the common name).
Māori names for woodrose are pua o te reinga, "flower of the underworld" and waewae atua, "feet of gods".
Plants are either male or female. They flower between January and April and are primarily pollinated by the native short-tailed bat. Introduced mice and rats also pollinate them although rats tend to destroy them. Fruits about 2 mm long are produced from February to May. The plant has no green leaves. Some plants have been aged in excess of 30 years old. It prefers damp but not waterlogged soil, and is often found at the head of small streams. It tends to live under dense canopies of tall trees but some specimens may be found at forest borders.
The plant is cryptic, and hence hard to survey, but there are unlikely to be more than a few thousand in existence. Most of these are in the North Island, including Northland, Coromandel Peninsula, East Coast and central regions, but there are a few on Little Barrier Island. It is likely that many sites are known only to collectors, as the woody growth has commercial value.
The woodrose is under threat from harvesting by collectors, browsing by possums, rats, pigs and deer, habitat loss, and the rarity of its pollinators and seed dispersers.
Dactylanthus is regarded, as of 2004, as a 'Category A' threatened species. The New Zealand Department of Conservation started a recovery plan in 1995. Protection measures include pest control and enclosure of the plants in cages.