What Went Wrong
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What Went Wrong? : Western Impact and Middle Eastern Response is a popular book by Bernard Lewis that appeared in January 2002. It was written shortly before the September 11th terrorist attack. The nucleus of this book appeared as an article (http://www.theatlantic.com/issues/2002/01/lewis.htm) published in The Atlantic Monthly, in January 2002.
The book's thesis is that throughout recent history, most especially in a period beginning with the failure of the second Ottoman siege of Vienna, in 1683, the Islamic world has failed to modernize, or to keep pace with the western world in a variety of respects, and that this failure has been seen by many within the Islamic world itself as having allowed western powers to acquire a disastrous position of dominance over those regions.
Oxford University Press description (http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryWorld/MiddleEastern/?view=usa&ci=0195144201)Template:Book-stub