User:Robertolyra
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All Arabic numbers we use today are ideograms created by Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi (c.778 - c.850).Al-Khwarizmi was born in Central Asia, where today is placed the Uzbekistan, and then he moved to Baghdad, where he worked as a mathematician during the first golden age of Islamic Science, at the "House of Wisdom". Using the abacus notations, he developed the manuscript decimal system. Based on additive angles, he defined the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4. And using his knowledge about the abacus manuscript notations, he defined the numbers 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, O. The oldest dated European manuscript containing Arabic numbers is the Codex Vigilanus written in Spain in the year of 976. By the end of the 12th century (Middle Ages), there were two lines of thoughts among mathematicians: The algorists, followers of al-Khowarizmi, and the abacists, who used the abacus as a means of dealing with the unwieldy Roman notation. In 1202, Leonard of Pisa (also know as Leonard Fibonacci c.1170 - c.1250) published his Liber Abbaci, a book of arithmetic and algebraic information. During the 14th century, Arabic numerals became widely used by merchants in Italy.