Gas constant
|
|
| Values of R |
|---|
| 8.314472 J · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 0.08205746 L · atm · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 8.2057459 x 10-5 m³ · atm · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 8.314472 L · kPa · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 62.3637 L · mmHg · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 62.3637 L · Torr · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 83.14472 L · mbar · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 1.987 cal · K-1 · mol-1 |
| 10.7316 ft³ · psi · °R-1 · lbmol-1 |
The gas constant (also known as the universal or ideal gas constant, usually denoted by symbol R) is a physical constant used in equations of state to relate various groups of state functions to one another.
The gas constant occurs in the simplest equation of state, the ideal gas equation, as follows:
- <math>P = {RT\over{\tilde{V}}}<math>
where P is the pressure of an ideal gas, T is its temperature, and <math>\tilde{V}<math> is its molar volume. R also appears in the Nernst equation as well as in the Lorentz-Lorenz formula.
Its value is:
- R = 8.314472[15] J · K-1 · mol-1
The two digits in brackets signify the uncertainty (standard deviation) in the last two digits of the value.
The Boltzmann constant kB is defined as a ratio of molar gas constant and the Avogadro's number (Avogadro's number is approximately 6.022 × 10^23 particles/mole):
- <math>k_B = \frac{R}{N_A}<math>
With it we can write the ideal gas equation:
- <math>PV = Nk_BT<math>
with N = n NA is the actual number of molecules.
Reference
- gas constant CODATA value (http://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?r|search_for=gas+constant) at NISTde:Universelle Gaskonstante
eo:Universala gaskonstanto nl:Gasconstante ja:気体定数 sl:Splošna plinska konstanta