Topic-comment
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In linguistics, the topic (or theme) is the thing being predicated (talked about), and the comment (or rheme) is the thing being said about the topic.
Different languages mark topics in different ways. For example, English either tries to make topics into subjects, or employs word order and/or lexical means ("As for...", "Regarding..."). Chinese simply places the topic first in the sentence; and Japanese marks it with a special clitic postposition (は, wa). The tendency to move topicalized constituents to the beginning of sentences (topic fronting) is widespread.