Thermidorian Reaction
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The Thermidorian Reaction was a revolt in the French Revolution against the excesses of Reign of Terror, leading to the arrest and execution of Robespierre and several other leading members of the Committee of Public Safety.
The Reaction began on July 27, 1794, which the French Revolutionary Calendar dates as 9 Thermidor, hence the name. Robespierre and his allies had alienated even their traditional supporters by indiscriminate violence, and could offer no resistance when the National Convention ordered their arrest. Robespierre, Saint-Just, and several others were guillotined the following day, 10 Thermidor, July 28.
The phrase Thermidorian reaction is sometimes applied by allusion to these events to any change in politics where a radical regime is replaced by a calmer, more conservative regime.