The Independent

The Independent is a British compact (tabloid) newspaper published by Tony O'Reilly's Independent News & Media. It is nicknamed the Indie, with the Sunday edition being the Sindie. Whilst the paper seems to genuinely try and represent contrasting political opinions, recent campaigns have been for electoral reform & environmental issues and against ID cards. The editorial position leans somewhat to the dovish left. The Independent was named National Newspaper of the Year at the British Press Awards 2004.

The youngest of the UK's national daily newspapers (it started in 1986), in 2004 it had a circulation of around 250,000.

Contents

1 History 1.1 Creation 1986 1.2 Financial problems 1.3 Change from broadsheet to tabloid 2 Writers and Columnists 3 External link

History

Creation 1986

The Independent is the youngest British broadsheet (despite no longer being published in broadsheet format, the other connotations of the term still apply) still in existence, first published in October 1986. It was produced by Newspaper Publishing Ltd. and was the creation of Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three were former journalists at the Daily Telegraph who had fled the regime of Lord Berry. Marcus Sieff was made the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing and Whittam Smith took control of the paper.

The paper was created at a time of considerable tension in British journalism. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long accepted practices and was fighting with the print unions. In this unsettled atmosphere the newly created paper was able to attract very good staff from the Murdoch broadsheets, who chose to jump ship rather than move to Wapping. The Independent also had a rather better relationship with its printers than others, mainly because it had not been around long enough for the relations to sour.

Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging The Guardian for liberal readers, it managed to reach a circulation of over 400,000 in 1989. Competing for readers in a moribund market, the arrival of The Independent was one of the factors that sparked both a general freshening of newspaper design and content as well as a costly 'price war'. The market was very tight, and when The Independent launched an independent Sunday section in 1990, it did very poorly and was soon merged back into the main paper, although Sunday publication did continue.

Financial problems

In the 1990s it became clear that the parent company, Newspaper Publishing, was suffering. Several other newspapers launched in the 1980s had swiftly collapsed without establishing a large enough loyal core of readers to ensure profitability, and the Independent was experiencing similar problems. Two European media groups took small stakes in the company. A number of other media companies were interested in taking fuller control of the ailing paper for a number of reasons. Both Tony O'Reilly's media group and Mirror Group Newspapers developed substantial stakes in the company by mid-1994. In March 1995 Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into O'Reilly (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (El Pais, 12%). In the same month Whittam Smith left the paper. In April 1996 there was another refinancing and in March 1998 O'Reilly bought out the other 54% of the company for £30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News while Andrew Marr was appointed editor of the Independent and Rosie Boycott of the Independent on Sunday.

Boycott left in April 1998 (to The Daily Express) and Marr in May 1998 (later to join the BBC as its Political Editor), Simon Kelner was made the new editor. By this time the circulation of the paper had fallen to below 100,000. Independent News spent heavily to improve circulation and the paper underwent a number of redesigns. While circulation improved it did not approach the 1989 figures or restore the paper to profitability and the job cuts and tight financial controls took their toll on the journalists and their morale. Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995, replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. The paper is currently losing around £5 million a year, but as of March 2004, projects a return to profit by 2005.

Robert Fisk, a well known and occasionally controversial syndicated journalist, writes for The Independent; his reports from the Middle East are widely and consistently cited wherever Israeli / Palestinian issues are discussed in English on the web.

Change from broadsheet to tabloid

The Independent was originally published in broadsheet form, but from September 2003 was produced in a choice of broadsheet and tabloid forms, with the same content in each. The tabloid version was termed by the newspaper "compact", to distance itself from the racy, down-market publications usually associated with the term "tabloid". The smaller format was generally well received by readers and was rolled out gradually throughout the UK. Rupert Murdoch's Times quickly followed suit, introducing its own "compact" version. On 14 May 2004, The Independent produced its last weekday broadsheet edition, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition back in January. The Sindie (Independent on Sunday) continues to be published as a broadsheet at present, although executives at Independent News & Media have said that this will not always be the case. On 12 April 2005, The Independent unveiled a 'radical redesign', including moving sport off the back page, and a new masthead. It has spent over £1,000,000 on promotion, and became a one-section newspaper from Monday to Friday.

Prior to these changes, it had a daily circulation of around 217,500, the lowest of any major national British daily newspaper, but has since claimed a 15% rise in circulation as of March 2004 (taking it to circa 250,000).

Writers and Columnists

• Yasmin Alibhai-Brown
• Bruce Anderson
• Robin Cook
• Robert Fisk
• Johann Hari
• Howard Jacobson
• Alex James
• Miles Kington
• Deborah Orr
• Steve Richards
• Mark Steel
• Janet Street-Porter
• Andreas Whittam Smith

External link

• http://www.independent.co.uk/
  • Campaign for Electoral Reform (http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/politics/story.jsp?story=637826)
• http://www.iol.co.za (Indepdendent Online, South Africa)
• http://www.sundayindependent.co.za (The Sunday Indepdendent, South Africa)

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