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- Artemisia Gentileschi (23093 bytes)
7: ... of the school of [[Caravaggio]]. Artemisia was introduced to painting in her father's workshop, showi...
10: ...ithout being indifferent to the language of the [[Bologna]] school (which had [[Annibale Carracci]] among i...
14: ...trial Tassi was imprisoned for just one year. The trial has subsequently influenced the [[feminism|fem...
16: ...um of Naples]], is impressive for the violence portrayed, and was interpreted as a wish of psycologica...
18: ...became a successful court painter, enjoying the patronage of the [[Medici]] and [[Charles I of England... - Printing press (12986 bytes)
4: ...xts such as the "Pauper's Bibles" emphasized illustrations and used words sparsely. As a new block had...
6: ...ina until the European style printing press was introduced in relatively recent times (thus bringing t...
8: ...nvention of the press. The claim that Gutenberg introduced or invented the printing press in Europe is...
14: ...lamic world, where calligraphic traditions were extremely important, and also in the Far East.
16: ...d expansion shows not only a higher level of industry (fueled by the high-quality European paper mills... - Portugal (61755 bytes)
1: ...uthwestern [[Europe]], and is the westernmost country in continental Europe. Portugal is bordered by [...
5: ...l, and cultural power. The [[Portuguese Empire]] stretched across the world. After the rise of other c...
7: ...ctatorial regime in [[1974]] and the subsequent entry in the [[EEC]] (today's [[European Union]]) in [...
15:
17: ... decades, the Romans increased their sphere of control. But in [[194 BC]] a rebellion began in the nor... - Medieval music (31843 bytes)
3: ...eginning of the [[Renaissance]] is admittedly arbitrary, 1450 is used here.
6: === Style and trends ===
7: ...rd complexity in harmony, rhythm, text, and orchestration.
9: ...nd homorhythmic with a unison sung text and no instrumental support. The notation system is weak, and...
11: ...atable fashion. The use of multiple texts and instrumental accompaniment has developed by the end of ... - Barbecue (24807 bytes)
2: ...a trailer at a [[block party]] in [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area|Kansas City]]]]
3: ...a trailer at a [[block party]] in [[Kansas City Metropolitan Area|Kansas City]] Pans on the top shelf ...
23: ... may be used, including [[beef]], [[pork]], [[poultry]], and [[fish]]. The meat could be ground, as wi...
28: ...as when [[wood]] chips from particular kinds of [[tree]]s are used as fuel.
30: ===Australasia=== - List of popes (77758 bytes)
1: [[Image:treimann.summi_pontifices_in_hac_basilica_sepulti.jp...
6: ...aly]], [[Archbishop]] and [[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus ...
22: | '''Petrus''', <small>Head of the Church</small>
28: | '''Petrus''', <small>Episcopus Romanus</small>
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23... - Pope Paul I (2040 bytes)
3: ...latter held the cities of [[Imola]], [[Osimo]], [[Bologna]], and [[Ancona]], which were claimed by [[Rome]]... - Pope John X (1367 bytes)
1: ...ose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of [[Ravenna]].
5: ...anarchy and confusion John perished through the intrigues of [[Marozia]], daughter of Theodora. His su... - Leonardo da Vinci (25889 bytes)
2: ..., he helped advance the study of [[anatomy]], [[astronomy]], and [[civil engineering]].
11: ...do also worked with [[Lorenzo di Credi]] and [[Pietro Perugino]].
22: ...rneys throughout Italy. Though Salai was always introduced as Leonardo's "pupil", he never produced an...
26: [[image:leonardo_self.jpg|thumb|left|[[Self-portrait]] in [[red chalk]], circa 1512 to 1515]]
31: ...t man to describe [[Double-Entry_Booking|double-entry bookkeeping]]) for [[Mantua]], moving on after 2... - Petrarch (10447 bytes)
1: [[Image:Petrarch by Bargilla.jpg|right|thumb|250px|From the ''...
3: ...an]] scholar, [[poet]], and early [[humanist]]. Petrarch and [[Dante Alighieri|Dante]] are considered ...
6: ... his father insisted he study the law. However, Petrarch was primarily interested in writing and Latin...
8: ... be the ignorance of the era in which he lived, Petrarch is credited with creating the concept of the ...
10: ...he "birthday of [[alpinism]]", and Petrarch ('''Petrarca alpinista''') as the "father of alpinism". - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...f human life as well, opening the door to young astronomers everywhere to challenge the facts and neve...
8: ... his father, a wealthy businessman and [[copper]] trader, died. Little is known of his mother, Barbara...
10: ...[Domenico Maria Novara da Ferrara]], a famous [[astronomer]]. He followed his lessons and became a dis...
14: ...r [[eclipse]] and where he gave some lessons of astronomy or maths (unfortunately nothing of this rema...
18: ...ely became ill. Throughout his lifetime he made astronomical observations and calculations, but always... - Regions of Italy (3031 bytes)
1: ...rinciples and laws establishing autonomy and decentralization.
3: ...ence. Regional governments are thus analogous in structure to the national government.
5: ... co-ordinate the affairs and activities of the central government's apparatus.
12: <tr bgcolor="#FFD700"><th>Region<th>[[Capital]]
13: <tr><td>1. [[Abruzzo]] (sometimes ''Abruzzi'')<td>[[L... - Palermo (10618 bytes)
3: ...ulation 680,000) is the principal city and administrative seat of the autonomous region of [[Sicily]],...
6: ...s founded in the 8th century BC by [[Phoenicia]]n tradesmen around a natural harbour on the north-west...
8: ... calm, Palermo coming under the provincial administration in [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]]. When the [[...
10: ... In the Muslim period Palermo was a major city of trade, culture and learning, with (it is said) more ...
14: ...ot last, and Sicily in [[1194]] fell under the control of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Palermo was the p... - Rome (33048 bytes)
21: ...ni (''[[Democrats of the Left|Democratici di Sinistra]]'')
25: ...tion]]<br/> - City ([[2004]])<br /> - Metropolitan <br /> - [[Density]] (city proper) ...
27: |[[Time zone]]||[[Central European Time|CET]], [[UTC]]+1
38: ...a]]. The current [[mayor of Rome]] is [[Walter Veltroni]].
49: ...traffic following the river valley and of traders traveling north and south on the west side of the [[... - Sebastiano Serlio (4494 bytes)
1: ...sical order]]s of architecture in his influential treatise, ''Tutte l'opere d'archittura et prospetiva...
3: Serlio went from Bologna to Rome in 1514, and worked in the atelier of [[B...
6: ...reatise can be taken by the church facade (''illustration, right'') in the first published volume. It ...
8: ...cis I of France|Francis I]], to advise on the construction and decoration of the [[Châ´¥au de Fontaine...
10: ... Sir [[Christopher Wren]] and Robert Woods, the entrepreneur who laid out [[Bath]]. - Leone Battista Alberti (5967 bytes)
3: ...He was educated in [[law]] at the [[University of Bologna]]. Alberti embarked on a tour of Europe in his mi...
7: ==Contributions==
8: Alberti made a variety of contributions to several fields:
10: ... [[perspective]]. An [[Italian language|Italian]] translation of ''De pictura'' (''Della pittura'') wa...
12: ...asy]] novel, whose typographic qualities and illustrations have made it legendary as one of the most b... - Lorenzo de' Medici (6381 bytes)
4: ... very religious man, one who deeply loved his country.
10: ...y, backed by the Archbishop of [[Pisa]] and his patron [[Pope Sixtus IV]], attacked Lorenzo and his br...
14: ...nd only deft diplomacy by Lorenzo, who personally travelled to [[Naples]], saved the day. This further...
16: ...s, and keeping other states out of Italy. He also tried to create a more unified Italy, with little su...
22: ...He was an artist of some note himself, writing poetry in his native [[Tuscan]]. - Urban planning (12224 bytes)
1: ...he [[built environment]] from the municipal and metropolitan perspective. Other professions deal in m...
3: ...ization, or conscious influencing, of land-use distribution in an area already built-up or intended to...
8: ...ally flows through the city, to provide water and transport, and carry away sewage, even in sieges.
11: ... construction sites). Other issues that generate strong debate amongst urban designers are tensions be...
13: ...n" or "townscape," pedestrians and other modes of traffic, utilities and natural hazards, such as floo... - Aegean civilization (41260 bytes)
7: ...ith more remains uncovered this was shown to be untrue. The Aegean civilization developed three distin...
21: ...st in time), the chambers are grouped around a central court, being linked one with the other in a lab...
23: ...ping with any remains of earlier or contemporary structures elsewhere.
33: ...hic]] period. This period is represented by a [[stratum]],at [[Knossos]] in places nearly 20 ft thick...
35: ... the whole Bronze Age, with whose close, by the introduction of the superior metal, iron, the Aegean A... - Roman law (15349 bytes)
4: ...avily influenced by Roman law. This is especially true in the field of private law. Even the English a...
10: ...dash;a subject which the Greeks themselves never treated as a science.
12: ... [[Quintus Mucius Scaevola]] who wrote voluminous treatise on all aspects of the law, which was very i...
17: .... Some jurists also held high judicial and administrative offices themselves.
19: ...also produced all kinds of legal commentaries and treatises. Around [[130]] the jurist [[Salvius Iuli...
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