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- Rio de Janeiro (14538 bytes)
9: ...city]] after [[S㯠Paulo]] and used to be the country's capital until 1960, when [[Bras�a]] took its...
15: ...ilt and an alliance was formed with nearby native tribes to defend the settlement against invaders - n...
17: ...ore, the city developed from current Downtown (Centro, see below) to southwards and then westwards, an...
19: ...ahia|Salvador]]. In [[1763]], the colonial administration in Portuguese America was moved to Rio.
21: ...ope. Since there was no physical space nor urban structure to accommodate hundreds of noblemen who arr... - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...ontent can be made harder and [[tensile strength|stronger]] than iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. O...
8: ... material with limited uses on its own. Iron is extracted from [[ore]] by removing the oxygen by combi...
11: ...ementite-ferrite mixture. Cementite is a stochiometric phase with the chemical formula of Fe<sub>3</su...
13: ...cal chemical composition. As such, it requires extremely little thermal [[activation energy]] to form...
15: ...place. The transformation into martensite, by contrast, occurs almost immediately, due to a lower act... - Puritan (15882 bytes)
5: ... "Puritan" was most often used by opponents and detractors of the group, rather than by the practition...
8: ...twright (churchman)|Thomas Cartwright]], [[Walter Travers]] and [[Andrew Melville]] had gone into exil...
10: ...ons of kings and popes. They all argued for a restructuring and "purifying" of church practice throug...
12: ...pope|popish]] pomp and rags." (See [[Vestments controversy]].) They also objected to ecclesiastical co...
14: ...]] into a specific target of their grievances. [[Tract]]s such as the ''[[Martin Marprelate]]'' serie... - Maria Theresa of Austria (8450 bytes)
1: ''This page is about Maria Theresa of Austria (often only known as Empress Maria Theresa), ru...
3: ..., Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla]]
4: ...owerful women of her time, ruling over most of central Europe.
6: ...ued, on Charles' death ([[1740]]) the [[War of Austrian Succession]] began.
8: ...ng to adulthood. She made him co-regent of her Austrian dominions, but she actually kept most of the p... - Denis Diderot (13048 bytes)
1: [[Image:DiderotVanLoo.jpg|thumb|right|''Portrait of Diderot'' by [[Louis-Michel van Loo]], 1767...
5: ...enged conventions regarding [[novel]]s and their structure and content, while also examining [[philoso...
10: ...reece'' (1743); with two colleagues he produced a translation of James's ''Dictionary of Medicine'' (1...
12: ...ptique'', an [[allegory]] pointing first to the extravagances of Catholicism; second, to the vanity of...
14: ...election]]. It is worth noticing, too, as an illustration of the comprehensive freedom with which Dide... - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
1: ... '''history of sculpture''' is varied and is illustrative of how sculpture has changed extensively ove...
4: ...25,000 BC), from the area of [[Willendorf]], [[Austria]], is a well-known example.
11: ...ed to begin with the reign of [[Hammurabi]], in [[1750 BC]]. Hammurabi was famous for his [[Code of Ham...
13: ...sopotamia]]), and was donated to the [[New York Metropolitan Museum of Art]] by [[John D. Rockefeller,...
16: ... mixing eye make-up, was carved in relief, and portrayed the victory of [[Upper Egypt]] over [[Lower E... - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
2: ...gh this usage is uncommon among players of the instrument.
4: In other languages, the instrument is named ''Horn'' ([[German language|Gr.]]),...
6: ...ff in [[bass clef]] to the C above the staff in [[treble clef]].
14: ...mposers started to write concerti for this new instrument. The [[Mozart Horn Concerti]], for example,...
16: ...]], the horn took on a new form, as valves were introduced, which allowed the player to switch between... - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ''Note:'' Dates for inventions are often controversial. Inventions are often invented by several...
7: * 2 MYA: [[Origin of language|Language]] (controversial - this is the earliest likely)
8: * 1 MYA: Controlled [[fire]] in [[Cradle of Humankind|Africa]]
34: * [[39th century BC|3800s BC]]: [[Sweet Track|Engineered roadway]] in [[England]]
67: * [[150s BC]]: [[Astrolabe]]: [[Hipparchus]] - List of painters (54090 bytes)
14: ...[1912]]-[[1956]]), US [[Abstract expressionism|abstract expressionist]] [[painter]]
188: *[[P. Rostrup Bøyesen]] ([[1882]]-[[1952]])
206: *[[Bertram Brooker]] ([[1888]]-[[1955]])
219: *[[William Partridge Burpee]] ([[1846]]-[[1940]])
287: *[[Pietro da Cortona]] ([[1596]]-[[1669]]) - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
2: ...ing 1,500 tons and a standing army of one million troops. Over 100,000 tons of [[iron]] per year were ...
8: ...der, he came in contact with the well-educated gentry [[Confucian]] scholars, from whom he received an...
10: ... scholar bureaucracy. Simply put, maintaining a strong military was essential since the Mongols were ...
12: With a Confucian aversion to trade, Hongwu also supported the creation of self-su...
14: ...assic texts|Classics]]. The Confucian scholar gentry, marginalized under the Yuan for nearly a centur... - Prehistory (4111 bytes)
21: ...poch around 10,000 years ago and ended with the introduction of [[farming]], the date of which varied ...
22: ...rring to the beginnings of [[agriculture]]. It is traditionally the last part of the stone age. It fol...
31: ...til the coming of the Europeans, between 1500 and 1750 CE. - Uranus (15207 bytes)
15: ...span="2"| [[Orbit]]al characteristics ([[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]] [[J2000]])
18: ...870,972,220 [[kilometre|km]]<br>19.191 263 93 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
21: | 18.029 [[Tera|T]][[metre|m]]<br>120.515 AU
23: !align="left"| [[Eccentricity (orbit)|Eccentricity]]
71: ...5 km2|8.084×10<sup>9</sup>]] [[square kilometre|km<sup>2</sup>]]<br>(15.849 Earths) - January 1 (18244 bytes)
1: ...ay of the Julian year by all Western European countries except England between about 1450 and 1600. Th...
27: ...rdinand de Lesseps]] begins [[France|French]] construction of the [[Panama Canal]].
33: ...Federation|federate]] as the [[Commonwealth of Australia]]; [[Edmund Barton]] becomes first [[Prime Mi...
37: ...th Australia]] and transferred to Commonwealth control.
39: *[[1934]] - [[Alcatraz Island]] becomes a [[United States|U.S.]] feder... - Polar bear (6417 bytes)
4: {{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animal]]ia}}
5: {{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
6: {{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Mammal]]ia}}
7: {{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Carnivora]]}}
8: {{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Ursidae]]}} - List of popes (77758 bytes)
1: [[Image:treimann.summi_pontifices_in_hac_basilica_sepulti.jp...
6: ...aly]], [[Archbishop]] and [[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus ...
22: | '''Petrus''', <small>Head of the Church</small>
28: | '''Petrus''', <small>Episcopus Romanus</small>
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23... - Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
4: ...progress]] and out of a long period of doubtful [[tradition]], full of irrationality, superstition, an...
6: ... proponents attempted to use rationalism to demonstrate the existence of a supreme being. In this peri...
8: ...nment]] and sciences such as [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[biology]].
14: ...here God and Nature were one. This idea became central to the Enlightenment from Newton through to Jef...
16: ...z’s treatise On Wisdom ". . . identified the central concept of the Enlightenment and sketched its t... - History of astronomy (13532 bytes)
2: ... up by cultures around the world using the raw, astronomical data collected.
4: Ancient astronomers were able to differentiate between stars a...
8: ...such as [[Stonehenge]]) probably fulfilled both astronomical and [[religion|religious]] [[social funct...
14: ... was the case around 4500 BC. Fire altars, with astronomical basis, have been found in the third mille...
18: A text on [[Vedic astrology]] that has been dated to [[1350 BC]], was wr... - Hittites (17910 bytes)
1: ...a]] (the modern village of Boğazk?n north-central [[Turkey]]), through most of the second millenn...
3: ...ittite kingdom, which at its height controlled central [[Anatolia]], north-western [[Syria]] down to [...
5: ...n, was apparently called '''Hatti''' in the reconstructed [[Hittite language]]. The Hittites should be...
7: ...nt]], from the time of the [[Patriarchs (Bible)|Patriarch]]s up to [[Ezra]]'s return from [[Babylonian...
12: ...(ancient [[Karum Kanesh]]), containing records of trade between Assyrian merchants and a certain "land... - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...is many quotations and his experiments with [[electricity]]. Franklin was a member of the [[Freemasons...
8: ===Ancestry===
21: Benjamin Franklin was born on Milk Street in [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]]. His fathe...
23: ...vvy about cultivating a positive image of an industrious and intellectual young man earned him a great...
27: ...t]] partly contributed to the American colonies' struggle to maintain their privileges. - March 21 (10586 bytes)
6: *[[1788]] - A [[fire]] destroys 856 buildings in [[New Orleans]] and leaves mo...
11: ...] - Journalist [[Henry Morton Stanley]] began his trek to find the missionary and explorer [[David Liv...
14: ...he [[Congressional Medal of Honor]] for his first trans-[[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] flight.
17: ...]] - [[World War II]]: [[United Kingdom|British]] troops liberate [[Mandalay]], [[Burma]]
19: ...e on a group of unarmed black South African demonstrators, killing 69 and wounding 180
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