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- Steel (28384 bytes)
3: ...ontent can be made harder and [[tensile strength|stronger]] than iron, but is also more [[brittle]]. O...
8: ... material with limited uses on its own. Iron is extracted from [[ore]] by removing the oxygen by combi...
11: ...ementite-ferrite mixture. Cementite is a stochiometric phase with the chemical formula of Fe<sub>3</su...
13: ...cal chemical composition. As such, it requires extremely little thermal [[activation energy]] to form...
15: ...place. The transformation into martensite, by contrast, occurs almost immediately, due to a lower act... - Maria Theresa of Austria (8450 bytes)
1: ...Theresa), ruler of the [[Habsburg Empire]] from [[1740]]-[[1780]]. Also see [[Maria Theresa of Spain]], ...
3: ..., Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla]]
4: ...owerful women of her time, ruling over most of central Europe.
6: ...ued, on Charles' death ([[1740]]) the [[War of Austrian Succession]] began.
8: ...ng to adulthood. She made him co-regent of her Austrian dominions, but she actually kept most of the p... - Anna of Russia (5221 bytes)
3: ...to 1730 and as Empress of [[Russia]] from 1730 to 1740.
7: ...ourland]] in November [[1710]], but on the return trip from [[Saint Petersburg, Russia|Saint Petersbur...
10: ...preme Privy Council]] under Prince [[Galitzine|Dmitry Galitzine]] made Anna Empress in [[1730]]. They ...
17: ... her maids, dressed as clowns, in a specially constructed house of ice, where the bride caught a cold ...
19: ...ival, the anti-German cabinet minister [[Artemy Petrovich Volynsky]], was executed several months befo... - Elizabeth of Russia (14144 bytes)
1: ...abeth_empress.jpg|thumb|270px|H.I.M. Yelizaveta Petrovna, Empress and Autocrat of all the Russias (170...
3: ...jects of her favourite architect, [[Bartolomeo Rastrelli]], particularly in [[Peterhof]] and [[Tsarsko...
9: ...r earliest years she delighted every one by her extraordinary beauty and vivacity.
11: ...elf at the age of eighteen practically her own mistress.
13: ...s sensual temperament and, being free from all control, abandoned herself to her appetites without res... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...y [[Isaac Newton]]. These boundaries are not uncontroversial, with some claiming that the proper start...
9: ...but in its practice and theory. Science, as it is treated in this account, is science essentially as i...
11: ...ience Howard Margolis as part of a larger (and controversial) theory of the causes of the revolution (...
15: ...ded by later work, are none the less important contributions to science.)
31: ... for filling the gap is [[Alhazen]]'s theory of intromission; that is, that vision is by means of ligh... - Sheng (instrument) (1217 bytes)
3: ...ical tubes, in the [[Music of China|Chinese orchestra]].
5: ... and brought the first shengs back to Europe in [[1740]] and [[1777]] respectively, although some believ...
7: ...ompaniment]] for Chinese music pieces in an orchestra, while being given little or no [[melody]].
9: ===Traditional sheng=== The traditional sheng is an early type of sheng, which h... - Iraq (19222 bytes)
1: ...ne at [[Umm Qasr]] on the [[Persian Gulf]]. A new transitional government was elected in January [[200...
25: ...nbsp;- Total <br> - % water || [[List of countries by area|Ranked 57th]] <br> 437,072 [[square ki...
27: ...- [[Population density|Density]] || [[List of countries by population|Ranked 44th]]<br> 25,374,691<br>...
32: ...|Ranked 76th]]<br>$38.790 billion<br>$1,600</td></tr>
42: | '''[[List of country calling codes|Calling Code]]''' || 964 - Afghanistan (23568 bytes)
1: ... part of the country. It is among the poorest countries in the world.
3: ...onstitution of Afghanistan|constitution]] the country is now officially named the '''[[Islamic republi...
5: ...1604;ت اسلامی افغانست...
28: ... by area|Ranked 40th]] <br>647,500 [[square kilometre|km²]] <br>0%
33: | [[List of countries by population|Ranked 38th]]<br>28,717,213 <sma... - Vermont (39851 bytes)
38: ...nch and Indian War]]. For many years, rightful control of the area was disputed by the surrounding [[1...
46: ...their relatively low altitude allows for little [[tree-line|timberline]], form a north-south spine run...
50: ...ng Vermont some of New England's best [[cross-country skiing]] areas.
52: ...ch to the presence of a particular variant of the tree; it rather results from a number of soil and cl...
58: ...the [[Iroquois]] drove many of the smaller native tribes out of Vermont, later using the area as a [[h... - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
10: *[[Thomas Ahearn]], inventor of the electric stove in [[1892]]
13: ...orge Armstrong]] — [[hydraulic crane]], Armstrong breech-loading gun
24: ...rdeen]], (1908-1991) — co-inventor of the [[transistor]]
25: *[[Trevor Baylis]], (1937- ) — [[clockwork radio]...
37: ... Brattain]], (born 1902), US co-inventor of the [[transistor]] - Politics (7193 bytes)
9: ... he noted that men would enter into a [[social contract]] and would give up absolute rights for certai...
11:
14: ...lization were the institutionalization of social stratification, non-agricultural specialized crafts (...
16: ...s is most often studied in relation to the administration governments.
18: The oldest form of government was tribal organization. Rule by elders was supplanted ... - Timeline of United States pre-history (1700-1759) (3760 bytes)
10: ...ds with the [[Treaty of Utrecht (1713)|Treaty of Utrecht]]
18: *[[1735]] - [[John Peter Zenger]] trial on freedom of the press issues.
21: === [[1740s]] ===
22: ...[[1740]] - [[King George's War]] ([[War of the Austrian Succession]]) begins
23: *[[1748]] - King George's War ends with the [[Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle]] - Colonial America (32872 bytes)
2: ...politics|political]], and [[economics|economic]] structures.
11: ...ded up lucrative [[South America|South]] and [[Central America]].
13: ...he [[United States]] presented themselves as an attractive place for these new powers to establish col...
22: ...g only the mysterious word "CROATOAN" carved on a tree. Over a hundred men, women, and children had ap...
25: ...d|James I]] - very nearly became the next in the string of failed colonies. - Sundial (16148 bytes)
45: The nodus may be the tip of a gnomon with an arbitrary (usually horizontal or vertical) orientation[h...
49: ...rble face, with markings inlaid in black marble. Traditional styles are thick bronze to prevent corro...
51: It is traditional for a sundial to have a motto.
63: A series of concentric circles can be drawn on the face which plot the...
67: ...lines of the disk are projected, using [[trigonometry]], onto a face that is parallel to the ground. ... - List of popes (77758 bytes)
1: [[Image:treimann.summi_pontifices_in_hac_basilica_sepulti.jp...
6: ...aly]], [[Archbishop]] and [[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus ...
22: | '''Petrus''', <small>Head of the Church</small>
28: | '''Petrus''', <small>Episcopus Romanus</small>
36: | <small>Traditionally martyred (no evidence); Feast day [[23... - Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
4: ...progress]] and out of a long period of doubtful [[tradition]], full of irrationality, superstition, an...
6: ... proponents attempted to use rationalism to demonstrate the existence of a supreme being. In this peri...
8: ...nment]] and sciences such as [[physics]], [[chemistry]] and [[biology]].
14: ...here God and Nature were one. This idea became central to the Enlightenment from Newton through to Jef...
16: ...z’s treatise On Wisdom ". . . identified the central concept of the Enlightenment and sketched its t... - List of sculptors (9151 bytes)
18: *[[John Bacon]] (1740 - 1799)
22: *[[Pietro da Barga]]
33: *[[Treffle Berthlaume]] (1803 - 1884)
57: *[[Machado de Castro]] (1731 - 1822)
190: *[[Pietro Masni]] - Montgolfier brothers (3356 bytes)
3: ...'''Joseph-Michel Montgolfier''' ([[August 26]], [[1740]] – [[June 26]], [[1810]]) and '''Jacques-É...
9: On [[June 5]], [[1783]], as a first public demonstration, they sent up at Annonay a 900 m³ linen...
11: ...uis XVI of France]], to gain his permission for a trial human flight. A tear occured on the top of the...
15: ...tres above [[Paris]] for a distance of nine kilometres.
22: ...not return until the [[1960s]], when [[Raven Industries]] improved the safety of the classic Montgolfi... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
5: *[[Pietro d'Abano]], (1250?-1316)
102: *[[David Malet Armstrong]], (born 1926){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
185: *[[Bernard of Chartres]], (d. 1130){{fn|C}}
187: *[[Bernard Silvestris]] (or ''Bernard of Tours''), (1147-1178){{fn|R}...
191: *[[Bhartrhari]], (5th century){{fn|R}} - Celsius (3635 bytes)
18: ...ns (1743), and the botanist [[Carolus Linnaeus]] (1740); also independently invented the same measuremen...
20: ...3.16 of the difference in temperature between the triple point of water and [[absolute zero]]. This de...
22: ...rolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], or perhaps [[Daniel Ekstr?, the manufacturer of most of the [[thermometer]]...
26: ... scale used in British cooking and temperature controllers (for example, room thermostats); however so...
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