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- Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...thers. He was an [[explorer]] and [[trade]]r who crossed the [[Atlantic Ocean]] and reached the [[Amer...
2: ...age provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
3: ...ate was over whether it would be possible to get around the planet without running out of food or gett...
5: ...rica was known to the general public throughout Europe. This is likely due to the invention of the [[p...
9: ...large-scale [[colonization]] of the Americas by Europeans. - Isabella of Castile (4156 bytes)
5: ...nault]] and through his first wife of [[Henry of Grosmont]], [[Duke of Lancaster]] and his wife [[Isab...
7: ...r of Kings [[John I of Aragon]] and [[Martin I of Aragon]].
8: ...ilippa of Lancaster]], daughter of John of Gaunt from his first wife [[Blanche of Lancaster]]. Her fin...
10: ... Portugal, Grand Master of Santiago]], who was a brother of [[Henry the Navigator]], and his wife [[Is...
30: *[[Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros|Cardinal Cisneros]], Isabella and Ferdinand's famous and powerful ... - Eleonora di Arborea (2091 bytes)
5: ...sa'' (ruler or judge) and the island's greatest heroine.
9: ...agonese king James II had a century earlier been promised its lordship by the Pope. Arborea obtained a...
11: ...he penalty for most crimes being a fine, and the property rights of women were preserved. These laws r...
13: ... friend of birds, she was the first to legislate protection to a certain species of bird (Greifvogel).... - Catherine de' Medici (7484 bytes)
1: [[Image:Mid_horoscope_catherine_de_medici.jpg|thumb|Catherine de' ...
3: ...]], [[1589]]), born in Italy as '''Caterina Maria Romola di Lorenzo de' Medici''', and later lived in ...
5: ...arseilles]], to the duke of Orl顮s, whose elder brother was alive at the time, but who would become K...
7: ...uld listen to such a proposal. But Catherine did produce children, and Francis lived long enough to se...
13: ... or metal. They forcefully shrank women's waists from their natural dimensions to as little as 43, 38,... - Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
8: ...to return [[England]] from [[Protestantism]] to [[Roman Catholicism]]. To this end, she had almost thr...
10: ...cotland|Mary I, Queen of Scots]], who lived at approximately the same time.
13: ...y disappointed that his wife had again failed to produce a healthy son; Catherine's sixth and last chi...
17: ... with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that the Princess Mary should marry either F...
19: ...with the [[Roman Catholic Church]]. All appeals from the decisions of English ecclesiastical courts t... - Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
7: ...gland]] and [[King of Ireland|Queen of Ireland]] from [[17 November]] [[1558]] until her death. Someti...
9: ... VIII]], she was a writer and poet. She granted [[Royal Charter]]s to several famous organizations, in...
11: ...he number of [[Privy Council|Privy Counsellors]] from thirty-nine to nineteen, and later to fourteen.
16: ...her half-sister, Mary, daughter of [[Catherine of Aragon]], was reinstated in the line of succession after...
18: Elizabeth's first governess was Lady Bryan, a baroness whom Elizabeth called "Muggie". At the age of... - Anne Neville (4967 bytes)
5: ...d, Duke of York]]. These boys would play a major role in the destiny of both sisters.
9: ...arriage) at the Chateau d'Amboise in [[France]], probably on [[December 13]], [[1470]].
11: ...roperties (a large portion of which came to them from their mother, Anne Beauchamp).
15: ...health was never good, and she probably suffered from tuberculosis.
19: ...of Warwick]], and Richard made the boy his heir, probably in deference to her wishes. - Age of Exploration (14467 bytes)
1: ...[[Christopher Columbus]], [[Vasco da Gama]], [[Pedro ?vares Cabral]], [[John Cabot]], [[Juan Ponce de ...
3: ...]. These that were a combination of traditional European and Arab designs were the first ships that co...
6: ...he most accurate world maps prior to the age of European exploration]]
7: ...East was almost completely controlled by traders from the Italian city states. Their close links to th...
9: ...'[[Travels]]'' and the work was read throughout Europe. - Spain (36498 bytes)
1: ... the [[Islas Chafarinas|Chafarine]] islands, the "rocks" (es: ''pes'') of [[Pede V鬥z de la G...
20: ...s頌uis Rodr�ez Zapatero|Jos頌uis Rguez. Zapatero]] |
40: currency = [[Euro]] (€)<sup>2</sup> |
42: time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]]<sup>3</sup> |
44: time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | - Oregon (26551 bytes)
36: ...ey]], one of the most fertile and agriculturally productive regions in the world. Oregon is known for ...
38: ...{IPA|[ˈɔɹ.ə.gən]}}. The pronunciation {{IPA|[ˈɔɹ.ə.ˌ...
41: ...servation]], and [[urban growth boundary|limited growth]].''
43: ...he [[Oregon Bottle Bill]], but has also suffered from the rapid pace of logging in its forests.
45: ...as of 2004|as of July 2004]], the population had grown to an estimated 3,594,586. - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...Muslims]], but some were directed against other Europeans, such as the [[Fourth Crusade]] against [[Co...
6: == Historical background ==
7: ... violence. A plea for help from the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexius I]] in opposing [[Muslim]] attacks thu...
9: ...ts]] and some [[mercenaries]] from elsewhere in Europe in the fight against the Islamic [[Moors]]. In ...
11: ...me personally engaged in a dramatic religious controversy. The result was an awakening of intense Chri... - List of Renaissance figures (6600 bytes)
24: **[[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]] and King of Spain
26: **[[Alessandro Farnese]] Duke of Parma and Piacenza
27: **[[Ferdinand of Aragon]]
54: * [[Girolamo Savonarola]]
70: * [[Erasmus of Rotterdam | Erasmus]] - Thomas More (15893 bytes)
2: ...an Catholic Church]], in which he became the [[patron saint]] of statesmen, lawyers, and politicians.
9: ...own her daughter by her previous husband. More provided his daughters with an excellent classical ed...
12: ...[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], More was knighted and made undertre...
14: ...ion that entailed administrative and judicial control of much of northern England.
17: ...e:Utopia.jpg|300px|thumb|left|[[Woodcut]] by [[Ambrosius Holbein]] for a [[1518]] edition of ''Utopia.... - Spanish Inquisition (11421 bytes)
1: [[image:inquisition2.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Pedro Berruguete]]. ''Saint Dominic Presiding over an [...
3: ...sition was the result of the reconquest of Spain from the [[Muslim]]s and the policy of converting Spa...
6: ...from the [[Middle Ages]], as in the rest of the European countries, but not in the Kingdom of Castile ...
8: ...ile, and [[Barcelona]], capital of the [[Crown of Aragon]], had large [[Jew]]ish populations centered in '...
10: ...astile even had an unofficial Crown [[Rabbi]], a professing [[Jew]]. - Sicily (18450 bytes)
6: governor = Salvatore Cuffaro <br/>(''[[House of Freedoms]]'') |
8: ...]]<br />[[Province of Syracuse|Syracuse]]<br />[[Province of Trapani|Trapani]] |
24: ...s include [[Cefal?[[Taormina]], [[Bronte, Sicily|Bronte]], [[Marsala]], [[Corleone]], [[Castellammare ...
30: ...,900 ft) high, making it the tallest volcano in Europe. It is also one of the world's most active vol...
34: ...altanissetta]] district became a leading sulphur-producing area in the [[1800s|19th century]], but hav... - Palermo (10618 bytes)
3: ...ily]], [[Italy]] as well as the capital of the [[Province of Palermo]]
6: ...n the 8th century BC by [[Phoenicia]]n tradesmen around a natural harbour on the north-western coast o...
8: ...ation in [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]]. When the [[Roman Empire]] was split, Sicily and Palermo came un...
10: ... throughout the Muslim world. It was a period of prosperity and tolerance, as [[Christianity|Christian...
14: ...es Palermo was adorned with a large number of [[baroque]] buildings, many of which still exist today. - Malta (18511 bytes)
1: ...cing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-co...
4: | style=background:#efefef; align=center colspan=2 |
42: |From the [[United Kingdom|UK]]<br>[[September 21]], [...
47: |'''[[Time zone]]'''<br> - in [[European Summer Time|summer]]
48: ...oordinated Universal Time|UTC]]+1)<br>[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] ([[Coordinated Universal T... - Faience (4113 bytes)
4:
6: ...nwares shipped to [[Italy]] from the [[kingdom of Aragon]] in Spain at the close of the [[Middle Ages]]. T...
8: ... [[ceramic]] composed primarily of [[quartz]]. Approximately two hundred of these "masterpieces of fai...
10: ==European Faience==
11: ...e blue-and-white [[porcelain]] that was imported from [[China]] in the early [[16th century|sixteenth ... - Inquisition (9274 bytes)
1: ...fficium'') was an office of the [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] charged with suppressing [[h...
2: ...ion provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classroom Clip Art]]]
5: ...whose beliefs or practices deviated sufficiently from the orthodoxy of the councils now became the obj...
7: ...ry]], Church Councils required secular rulers to prosecute heretics.
11: ...ition]], the [[Portuguese Inquisition]] and the [[Roman Inquisition]]. - Celtic languages (6032 bytes)
1: {{Indo-European}}
2: ...guage family. They were spoken across western [[Europe]] during the [[1st millennium BC]], but are now...
4: There are four main groups of Celtic languages, of which the first two ar...
5: ...e spoken in a wide arc from France to Turkey and from the Netherlands to northern Italy.
6: ...ian Language|Celtiberian]], anciently spoken in [[Aragon]] and elsewhere in [[Spain]].
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