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- Mexico (27255 bytes)
43: established_dates = From [[Spain]]<br>[[September 16]], [[1810]]<br>[[Sep...
66: ...th century]], and their defeat of the Mexica in [[1521]], marked the beginning of the 300 year-long colo...
68: On [[September 16]], [[1810]], independence from Spain was declared, by [[Miguel Hidalgo y Costil...
70: ...tral America]] were all incorporated into Mexico from [[1822]] to [[1823]], when they declared indepen...
72: ...uila y Tejas]] to hundreds of immigrant families from the United States, on the condition that the set... - List of explorers (24013 bytes)
1: ...lorations]], [[Sea explorer|sea explorers]], [[astronaut]], [[conquistador]], [[travelogue]], the [[Hi...
7: *[[Pêro de Alenquer]] ([[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] ex...
8: ...century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer and [[viceroy]] of [[India]])
9: ...century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer and [[viceroy]] of [[India]])
15: *[[Diego de Almagro]] - Christine de Pizan (6645 bytes)
1: [[Image:Christine de Pisan - Project Gutenberg eBook 12254.jpg|thumbnail|right|250...
2: ...nterpreted as a feminist push for expanded female roles; although Pisan in fact was merely describing ...
4: ...came a court writer employed by various ducal and Royal households, in order to support her three chil...
5: ... of Orleans]] and attacked the ''[[Romance of the Rose]]'' written by [[Jean de Meung]].
9: ...and died in [[1389]] she found herself without a protector, and with three children depending on her. ... - Medieval art (6359 bytes)
1: ...ddle Ages and monumental Church mosaics were the crowing glory. One of the most famous of the survivin...
3: ...ars of [[art history]] in [[Western art history|Europe]], the [[Islamic art history|Middle East]] and ...
5: ...Migration Period art]], [[Pre-Romanesque art]], [[Romanesque art]], [[Gothic art]], [[Trecento art]], ...
9: ...arbarian" artistic culture of Northern Europe to produce a remarkable artistic legacy. Indeed the hist...
13: Art in the Middle Ages is a broad subject and art historians traditionally look a... - Ponce De Leon (5480 bytes)
2: ...he Spanish Crown. He is regarded as the first [[Europe]]an known to have visited what is now the [[Uni...
4: ...er exposure to the European diseases the sailors brought with them and to which the natives had no imm...
7: ... won his rights. Ponce de León was then removed from office in 1512 and felt his good name had been d...
9: ...and personal enrichment, not a physical rebirth through the waters of the Fountain of Youth. The Taino...
11: ...as made in [[New York]] in 1882 using the bronze from English Cannons seized after the English attacke... - List of painters (54090 bytes)
10: *[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian [[sculptor]] an...
44: *[[Alessandro Algardi]] ([[1595]]-[[1654]])
46: *[[Alessandro Allori]] ([[1577]]-[[1621]])
52: *[[Altichiero]] ([[1320]]-[[1395]])
54: *[[Rodolfo Amoedo]] ([[1857]]-[[1941]]) - Timeline of United States pre-history (before 1600) (1679 bytes)
7: ...ring" the [[New World]] (for [[15th century]] [[Europe]])
9: *[[1497]]-[[John Cabot]] is the first European since the [[Viking]]s to reach the North Amer...
13: *[[1513]]-[[Vasco N?de Balboa]] crosses isthmus of [[Panama]], sees [[Pacific Ocean]]
17: *[[1521]]-Cortes destroys the Aztec empire
18: ...]], explores coastline from present-day [[North Carolina]] to [[Maine]] - Josquin Des Prez (6810 bytes)
2: ...ce music|Renaissance]]. He was the most famous European composer between [[Guillaume Dufay]] and [[Gi...
6: ...]. In the later [[1490s]] he was in [[France]], probably in the service of [[Louis XII of France|Loui...
8: ...letters in the Duke's name. While there he also wrote a setting of the [[Miserere]], Psalm 50, for fi...
10: ...archers. He remained at Cond頵ntil his death in 1521.
14: ...psed after the beginning of the [[Baroque music|Baroque]] era, with the decline of the polyphonic styl... - List of popes (77758 bytes)
2: This is a '''list of Popes of the Roman Catholic Church'''.
4: ...tself has been used officially by the head of the Roman Catholic Church since the tenure of [[Pope Sir...
6: ...[metropolitan bishop|Metropolitan]] of the Roman Province'' and ''[[Servus Servorum Dei|Servant of the...
21: | rowspan="2" | '''[[Pope Peter]]'''<br><small>Saint P...
23: | rowspan="2" | <small>Simon Peter</small><br>'''—... - Baldassare Castiglione (7242 bytes)
8: ...rn in [[Mantua]], [[Italy]] to an ancient family from [[Lombardy]] that had moved to [[Mantua]] at the...
10: ...ions to [[Rome]], he met [[Guidubaldo da Montefeltro]], duke of [[Urbino]], and in [[1504]] Gonzaga, a...
13: ...n an interesting, stimulating cultural life that produced a brilliant literary activity.
15: ...with recalls [[Vergil]], [[Poliziano]], [[Sannazzaro]].
17: Castiglione wrote about his works and of those of other guests in... - Thomas More (15893 bytes)
2: ...an Catholic Church]], in which he became the [[patron saint]] of statesmen, lawyers, and politicians.
9: ...own her daughter by her previous husband. More provided his daughters with an excellent classical ed...
12: ...], More was knighted and made undertreasurer in [[1521]]. As secretary and personal advisor to King Hen...
14: ...ion that entailed administrative and judicial control of much of northern England.
17: ...e:Utopia.jpg|300px|thumb|left|[[Woodcut]] by [[Ambrosius Holbein]] for a [[1518]] edition of ''Utopia.... - Niccolo Machiavelli (11084 bytes)
1: ....jpg|thumb|150px|Machiavelli, ca [[1500]], in the robes of a Florentine public official]]
3: ...in [[realist]] [[political theory]], crucial to European statecraft during the [[Renaissance]].
5: ==Background==
10: ...as also the king who committed the five capital errors in statecraft summarized in ''The Prince'', and...
12: ...is honor can be found at the [[Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze]]. - Protestant Reformation (26890 bytes)
1: ...lso led to the [[Counter-Reformation]] within the Roman Catholic Church.
3: == Roots of the Reformation ==
11: * ''[[Exsurge Domine]]'', [[Diet of Worms]] ([[1521]]), [[Peasants' War]]
20: ...cal and demographic forces that contributed to a growing disaffection with the wealth and power of the...
22: ...stry. Accumulation of surplus, competitive [[overproduction]], and heightened competition to maximize ... - Bahrain (16123 bytes)
1: ... Fahd Causeway]], and [[Qatar]] is to the south across the [[ Persian Gulf]]. The [[Qatar-Bahrain Fri...
3: ...cing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-co...
6: | style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan=2 |
18: | align=center colspan=2 style="background:#fff;" | [[image:LocationBahrain.png]]
28: | '''[[Crown Prince]]''' - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
2: ...ed in the [[Philippines]] and never returned to Europe, 18 members of the crew and one ship of the fle...
5: ...Alda de Mesquita, Magellan had two siblings: his brother Diogo de Sousa, named after his grandmother, ...
7: ...on, becoming interested in [[geography]] and [[astronomy]]. Some speculate that he may even have been ...
9: ...nstall Francisco de Almeida as a Portuguese [[viceroy]] there and establish military and naval bases a...
11: ...the [[Spice Islands]]. In [[1510]], Magellan was promoted to the rank of [[captain]]. However, after s... - Hernan Cortes (17441 bytes)
5: ...] (not to be confused with another Francisco Pizarro who joined Cortés to conquer the [[Aztec]]s).
10: ...iminating the indigenous [[Guanches]]) but would prove devastating in the New World.
12: ...nger the captain of the expedition, but Cortés' brother-in-law killed the messenger and told him what...
15: ...bout the Aztec empire and the clash between the European and Indian cultures. However, as early as the...
18: ...oken only to and in front of the Mexica/Aztec emperor. - Sweden (27111 bytes)
1: ...in all but its [[Metropolitan Areas of Sweden|metropolitan areas]], with most of the inland consistin...
3: ... and 18th centuries the [[Realm of Sweden]] was through warfare extended to a [[Great Power]] of twice...
5: ...ry is today defined by liberal tendencies and a strong national quest for equality.
45: currency = [[Swedish krona]] |
47: time_zone = [[central European Time|CET]] | - Tenochtitlan (3092 bytes)
3: ... now central [[Mexico]]. The city was largely destroyed in the [[1520s]] by [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conqui...
5: ...val of the Aztecs, a tribe of people who came in from the west, that the area acquired its importance.
7: ...the land by setting up small plots in which they produced all the food they required. When enough land...
9: ...mercial routes were developed that brought goods from places as far as the [[Gulf of Mexico]], the [[P...
13: ...one of the grandest ever in Mesoamerica under Emperor [[Auitzotl]]. - Martin Luther (43050 bytes)
12: ...mpacted upon the [[Counter-Reformation]] in the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
17: ...ht|220px|The "Luther house" where Luther boarded from ages 14 to 17 while attending private school at ...
19: ...pper]] mine in nearby [[Mansfeld]]. Having risen from the [[peasantry]], his father was determined to ...
21: ...505]]. According to his father's wishes, Martin enrolled in the law school of that university.
26: ...ood works to please [[God]] and to serve others through prayer for their souls. Yet peace with God esc... - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ...id to have come to an end following its ejection from Malta by [[Napoleon]]. The '''Sovereign Military...
5: ...e of [[Jesus]]. It was served by [[Benedictine]] Brothers.
7: ...it to Jerusalem but the order soon extended into providing an armed escort to pilgrims. The escort soo...
9: ...h located near [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. The property of the Order was divided into [[priories]], ...
15: ... surrendered to the knights. They also gained control a number of neighboring islands, as well as the ...
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