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- List of explorers (24013 bytes)
1: ...lorations]], [[Sea explorer|sea explorers]], [[astronaut]], [[conquistador]], [[travelogue]], the [[Hi...
7: *[[Pêro de Alenquer]] ([[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] ex...
8: ...century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer and [[viceroy]] of [[India]])
9: ...century]] [[Portuguese]] naval explorer and [[viceroy]] of [[India]])
15: *[[Diego de Almagro]] - Jacques Cartier (8139 bytes)
3: ...rior eastern region that would become the first european-inhabited area of that country.
5: ...ily of mariners and improved his social status in 1520 by marrying Catherine des Granches, member of a l...
9: ...t Cartier made three voyages of discovery in dangerous and hitherto unknown waters without losing a sh...
13: ... the sons of Huron [[Chief Donnacona]], back to Europe.
17: ...alid village of Stadacona, more than a thousand Hurons came to the edge of the river to greet the Fren... - Mary I of England (24813 bytes)
8: ...to return [[England]] from [[Protestantism]] to [[Roman Catholicism]]. To this end, she had almost thr...
10: ...cotland|Mary I, Queen of Scots]], who lived at approximately the same time.
13: ...y disappointed that his wife had again failed to produce a healthy son; Catherine's sixth and last chi...
15: ...e|Greek]], [[science]], and [[music]]. In July [[1520]], when scarcely four and a half years old, she e...
17: ... with England. A marriage treaty was signed; it provided that the Princess Mary should marry either F... - Calligraphy (20084 bytes)
2: ...'kallos'' "beauty" + γραφος ''graphos'' "writing") is the art of de...
4: ...rms, called [[palaeography]]. Examples of ancient Roman [[graffiti]] are of interest to both calligrap...
8: ...e earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout [[China]] to this day. Although it uses Chi...
12: ...an-shu and contained more than 3,000 characters. From that time to the present, there have been five m...
14: ...as a guide, hiragana and katakana were developed from simplified cursive versions of characters. In th... - List of painters (54090 bytes)
10: *[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian [[sculptor]] an...
15: *[[Raffaello Santi|Raphael]], ([[1483]]-[[1520]]), [[Italy|Italian]] [[painter]]
44: *[[Alessandro Algardi]] ([[1595]]-[[1654]])
46: *[[Alessandro Allori]] ([[1577]]-[[1621]])
52: *[[Altichiero]] ([[1320]]-[[1395]]) - Watercolor painting (4393 bytes)
3: ...]] suspended or dissolved in water. Although the grounds used in watercolor painting vary, the most co...
6: ... the [[12th century]] the conquering [[Moors]] introduced papermaking to [[Spain]] and the technology ...
10: The forerunner of watercolor painting in Europe was [[Fresco|buon fresco painting]] — wal...
12: ...issance]] painter [[Raffaello Santi]] ([[1483]]-[[1520]]), who painted full-scale cartoons as precursors...
14: ...y]]. The first school of watercolor painting in Europe was led by [[Hans Bol]] ([[1534]]-[[1593]]) and... - March (3907 bytes)
4: ... [[Pisces]] and ends in the sign of [[Aries]]. Astronomically speaking, the sun begins in the constell...
6: ...''Martius'', so named after the [[Roman Mythology|Roman god]] of war and was considered a lucky time t...
8: March was originally the first month of the Roman calendar because the winter monhs of january a...
18: ... of [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]]'s run in [[1520]].
21: ...rn Hemisphere]]. Visitors will be thrilled by the roar of high-octane attack helicopters and the zoom ... - Raphael (3466 bytes)
2: ...83]] and died on his 37th birthday, [[April 6]] [[1520]] (see the note below about earlier confusion abo...
4: ...[[Urbino]], he studied in [[Perugia]] under [[Pietro Perugino]]; but after moving to [[Florence, Italy...
7: ...Image:Sanzio 01.jpg|thumb|300px|right|''[[Raphael Rooms|The School of Athens]]'' ([[1509]])]]
8: ...ond depicting Christian [[theology|theologian]]s grouped under [[Jesus]].
10: ...14]] and he was named as a sort of supervisor for Roman [[archaeology]] research. - Niccolo Machiavelli (11084 bytes)
1: ....jpg|thumb|150px|Machiavelli, ca [[1500]], in the robes of a Florentine public official]]
3: ...in [[realist]] [[political theory]], crucial to European statecraft during the [[Renaissance]].
5: ==Background==
10: ...as also the king who committed the five capital errors in statecraft summarized in ''The Prince'', and...
12: ...is honor can be found at the [[Basilica di Santa Croce di Firenze]]. - Protestant Reformation (26890 bytes)
1: ...lso led to the [[Counter-Reformation]] within the Roman Catholic Church.
3: == Roots of the Reformation ==
20: ...cal and demographic forces that contributed to a growing disaffection with the wealth and power of the...
22: ...stry. Accumulation of surplus, competitive [[overproduction]], and heightened competition to maximize ...
24: ...e stimulated, landowners increasingly moved away from the [[Manorialism|manorial]] economy. Woolen man... - Nubia (8928 bytes)
5: ...bian]] was used in mostly religious texts dating from the 8th and 9th centuries AD. It is considered a...
9: ...]], [[goat]]s, and some [[cattle]]. It is known from its distinctive burial rituals and pottery.
11: ...ost historians believe that B-Group was merely A-Group but far poorer. The causes of this is uncertain...
13: ...and C-Group, so it may be a return of the ousted Group-As, or an internal revival of lost arts. At th...
15: ...ds. By the end of the reign of [[Thutmose I]] in 1520 BC all of northern Nubia had been annexed. - History of India (31279 bytes)
5: ... traces of human life in [[India]]: [[Stone Age]] rock shelters decorated with paintings. The first kn...
8: ... kingdoms, and finally of the [[Kushan Empire]]. From the [[3rd century]] onwards the [[Gupta|Gupta dy...
11: ...n philosophy|philosophy]] flourished under the patronage of these kings.
14: ...d south, where the [[Hoysala Empire]] flourished from the 11th to the end of the 13th century AD, foll...
17: ...upa]] in Sanchi, [[Madhya Pradesh]] built by emperor [[Ashoka]] in the 3rd century BC .]] - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
2: ...ed in the [[Philippines]] and never returned to Europe, 18 members of the crew and one ship of the fle...
5: ...Alda de Mesquita, Magellan had two siblings: his brother Diogo de Sousa, named after his grandmother, ...
7: ...on, becoming interested in [[geography]] and [[astronomy]]. Some speculate that he may even have been ...
9: ...nstall Francisco de Almeida as a Portuguese [[viceroy]] there and establish military and naval bases a...
11: ...the [[Spice Islands]]. In [[1510]], Magellan was promoted to the rank of [[captain]]. However, after s... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
5: *[[Pietro d'Abano]], (1250?-1316)
11: *[[John Abercrombie]], (1780-1844)
16: *[[Alessandro Achillini]], (1463-1512)
21: *[[Robert Adams (philosopher)|Robert Adams]], (born 1937){{fn|O}}
22: *[[Robert Adamson]], (1852-1902) - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
1: ...=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #ffffff; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-co...
4: | colspan=2 style="text-align: left; background: white;" |
11: | colspan=2 style="text-align: center; background: white;" | [[Image:Ottoman 1683.png|Map of the...
45: ...ing to the Empire's position as gateway between Europe and Asia. In its day, the Ottoman Empire was al...
47: ...antinople]] (modern [[Istanbul|İstanbul]]) from the [[Byzantine Empire]], it became the Ottoman ... - Martin Luther (43050 bytes)
12: ...mpacted upon the [[Counter-Reformation]] in the [[Roman Catholic Church]].
17: ...ht|220px|The "Luther house" where Luther boarded from ages 14 to 17 while attending private school at ...
19: ...pper]] mine in nearby [[Mansfeld]]. Having risen from the [[peasantry]], his father was determined to ...
21: ...505]]. According to his father's wishes, Martin enrolled in the law school of that university.
26: ...ood works to please [[God]] and to serve others through prayer for their souls. Yet peace with God esc... - Argon (6952 bytes)
3: {{Elementbox_groupperiodblock | group=18 | period=3 | block=p }}
8: {{Elementbox_section_physicalprop | color1=#c0ffff | color2=green }}
16: {{Elementbox_section_atomicprop | color1=#c0ffff | color2=green }}
19: {{Elementbox_electroneg_pauling | no data }}
20: {{Elementbox_ionizationenergies4 | 1520.6 | 2665.8 | 3931 }} - Ancient India (31279 bytes)
5: ... traces of human life in [[India]]: [[Stone Age]] rock shelters decorated with paintings. The first kn...
8: ... kingdoms, and finally of the [[Kushan Empire]]. From the [[3rd century]] onwards the [[Gupta|Gupta dy...
11: ...n philosophy|philosophy]] flourished under the patronage of these kings.
14: ...d south, where the [[Hoysala Empire]] flourished from the 11th to the end of the 13th century AD, foll...
17: ...upa]] in Sanchi, [[Madhya Pradesh]] built by emperor [[Ashoka]] in the 3rd century BC .]] - Elamite Empire (23098 bytes)
4: ...h a preceding [[Proto-Elamite]] period beginning around [[3200 BC]].
5: Its culture played a crucial role in the [[Achaemenid]] [[Persian Empire]] that s...
8: ...change ''ha'' to ''e'' indicates this word was borrowed prehistorically). Additionally, the Haltamti w...
10: ...|Khuzestān]] is derived from the Old Persian root ''Hujiyā'', which means "Elam."
13: ...nguage|Sumerian]], and [[Iranian languages|Indo-European]] languages. Some scholars believe the langua... - Estevanico the moor (3698 bytes)
2: ...African origins, possibly from [[Azemmour]], [[Morocco]]. He is mentioned in various 16th century [[...
5: ...tholic Church|Roman Catholicism]]. He was sold in 1520 to Andrés Dorantes de Carranza, a [[Spanish nobi...
8: ...ar as present-day southeastern [[Arizona]], and through the [[Sonoran Desert]] to the region of [[Sina...
10: ...use his medicine gourd was trimmed with feathers from an [[owl]], a bird that symbolized death to the ...
13: ...of references to Estevanico in later accounts is proof enough of the explorer's death.
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