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- Lava dome (958 bytes)
1: ...e unstable and prone to collapse. When part of a lava dome collapses while it still contains molten roc...
3: Some of the world's most famous active lava domes include those at [[Merapi volcano]] in [[Ja... - Lava flow (9578 bytes)
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: ...0�F to 2200�F). However, the [[viscosity]] of lava is 100,000 times that of water. Nevertheless, the...
11: ... [[1737]]. In this he described "a flow of fiery lava" in analogy to the flow of water and mud down the...
12: ...iginal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|10m high fountain of lava]]
14: == Lava flow types == - Lava (9992 bytes)
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: ...C (1300F to 2200F). However, the [[viscosity]] of lava is 100,000 times that of water. Nevertheless, the...
11: ... [[1737]]. In this he described "a flow of fiery lava" in analogy to the flow of water and mud down the...
12: ...iginal.jpg|thumb|right|250px|10m high fountain of lava]]
14: == Lava flow types ==
Page text matches
- Geology (12007 bytes)
22: ... [[volcano]]es, as opposed to the ''[[Neptunism|Neptunists]]'', who believed that all rocks had settle...
26: ...in uniformitarianism, the idea was not widely accepted at the time.
33: ... and by [[Arthur Holmes]], but wasn't broadly accepted until the [[1960s]] when the theory of plate te...
42: ...se foreign bodies are picked up as [[magma]] or [[lava]] flows, and are incorporated, later to cool in t... - Age of the Earth (20052 bytes)
8: == First concepts ==
25: ...h a short age for the Earth. Biologists could accept that the Earth might have a finite age, but even ...
27: ...mates would prove far too short. Thomson had attempted to root the debate in one set of facts; the geo...
37: ...ident of himself, and the fact that multiple attempts to determine the age of the Earth seemed to show...
41: ...hat the discovery of radioactivity upset the assumptions on which most calculations of the age of the ... - Igneous rock (11419 bytes)
1: [[Image:Hawaii_lava.jpg|thumb|right|Volcanic flow on the Big Island o...
6: ...e denser rock of the mantle, which extends to a depth of nearly 3,000 kilometers (1,860 miles). Most o...
31: ...e grained intrusive igneous rocks which form at depth within the earth are termed as abyssal; intrusiv...
33: ... rocks''' are the result of [[volcano|volcanic eruptions]] and, therefore, solidify in atmospheric con...
37: ...ill flow from the volcano and spread out. Because lava cools and crystallizes rapidly, it is fine graine... - Basalt (2961 bytes)
2: ...rained and dense. Basalt in the tops of subaerial lava flows and cinders will often be highly vesiculate...
4: ...ut not exclusively) associated with underwater eruptions. Amygdaloidal structure is common in relic [[...
8: ...he [[United States]], as well as the [[Triassic]] lavas of eastern [[North America]] are basalts. Perhap... - Volcano (27295 bytes)
2: ...nics|continental plates]]. However, important exceptions exist in '''[[hotspot (geology)|hotspot volca...
9: [[Image:Mauna loa.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Eruption of [[Mauna Loa]], March [[1984]]]]
10: ...ins a high percentage (>65%) of [[silica]] the lava is called '''[[felsic]]''' and tends to be very [...
12: ...rhraun (Thjrhraun) flow produced by an eruptive fissure almost in the geographical center of I...
15: ...ry fluid, contributing to long flows. The largest lava shield on [[Earth]], [[Mauna Loa]], is 9,000 m hi... - Hawaii (34434 bytes)
39: ...only state that continues to grow due to active [[lava]] flows, most notably from [[Kilauea|Kīlauea...
41: ...ner]] and its [[Hawaii (1966 movie)|1966 movie adaptation]].
54: ...awaii are presently active. The last volcanic eruption outside the Island of Hawaii happened at [[Hal...
66: ...ed Kingdom|British]] [[exploration|explorer]] [[Captain James Cook]]. Historians credited Cook with t...
76: ...erritorial capitol building. Though several attempts were made to achieve statehood, Hawaii remained ... - Oregon (26551 bytes)
43: That description still applies over a quarter-century later. [...
97: ...-cleft.jpg Oregon geology: Abert Rim (image description)]</small>
103: ...mary election]] to select party candidates was adopted in [[1904]], and in [[1908]] the [[Oregon Const...
117: ...roes from moving into the State in the vote to adopt its Constitution ([[1858]]). This ban was not off...
126: ... the announcement by [[Louisiana Pacific]] in [[September]], [[2003]] that they will relocate their co... - Cretaceous (7391 bytes)
39: | [[Aptian]]
59: ...[[China]]. In the area that is now India, massive lava beds called the [[Deccan Traps]] were laid down i...
69: ...proceeded faced growing competition from the [[adaptive radiation]] of [[bird]]s, and by the end of th...
71: ... represent a number of types of the group [[maniraptor]]a, which is transitional between dinosaurs and...
77: ...hark]]s and [[teleost]]s became common. Marine reptiles included [[ichthyosaur]]s in the early and mi... - Cave (10592 bytes)
2: [[image:Lavacaveexit.jpg|thumb|300px|The outside world viewed ...
10: ...e at Craters of the Moon NM-750px.JPG|thumb|300px|Lava tube cave at [[Craters of the Moon National Monum...
11: ...The lava now flows inside its crust, until the eruption ends.
12: The liquid lava inside the crust flows out and leaves a hollow tu...
13: ...a Cave]] near [[Hilo]] is the longest and deepest lava tube of the world and also the eighth longest cav... - Landform (3582 bytes)
120: *[[lava dome]]
121: *[[lava flow]] & [[lava plain]] - Mercury (planet) (22924 bytes)
16: ...re less heavily cratered and probably formed when lava flows buried earlier terrain. In addition, Mercur...
38: <caption><font size="+1">'''Mercury'''</font></caption>
40: <small><font color="white">Click image for description</font></small>
206: ...st elongation and the relative angle with the ecliptic is unfavourable from a Southern Hemisphere pros...
249: ...m/clipart/Space/Planets/Neptune.htm Pictures of Neptune] - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
1: ...ets' [[planetary orbit|orbits]] are [[ellipse|elliptical]], Venus's orbit is the closest to [[circle|c...
14: ...times that of Earth (a pressure equivalent to a depth of 1 kilometre under Earth's [[ocean]]s). This e...
16: ...s would be quite similar to Earth. A common conceptual misunderstanding regarding Venus is the mistak...
18: ...letely, obscuring any surface details from the [[Optical spectrum|human eye]]. The temperature at the ...
25: ...ia]], and [[Lavinia Planitia]]. With only the exception of Maxwell Montes, all surface features on Ven... - Mars (27704 bytes)
4: ...are both small and oddly-shaped, possibly being captured [[asteroid]]s. The prefix '''areo-''' refers ...
27: ...ography is striking: northern plains flattened by lava flows contrast with the southern highlands, pitte...
41: ...ures in 1830-32. In [[1877]], their choice was adopted as the prime meridian by the Italian astronomer...
84: ...ht|Viking Lander 1 site (click for detailed description).]]
89: ...ed their presence at the north pole of Mars. Attempts to contact the Beagle 2 failed and it was declar... - Pompeii (10901 bytes)
3: ...e [[volcano]] [[Mount Vesuvius]] in 79 CE. The eruption was described by [[Pliny the Younger]] (see be...
13: ...f Campania. In the time between 62 and 79 (the eruption), it was rebuilt, perhaps richer than before i...
18: ... when on [[August 24]] a catastrophic volcanic eruption of the volcano buried the city and obscured th...
22: ...ral earth tremors were felt at the time of the eruption and were followed by a very violent shaking of...
26: ...o the fact that the sun was blocked out by the eruption and the daylight hours were left in darkness. ... - Sodalite (4894 bytes)
63: ...ls are found in northern [[Namibia]] and in the [[lava]]s of [[Vesuvius]], [[Italy]]. These rare specime... - Yellowstone National Park (23738 bytes)
27: ...e last event occurring 640,000 years ago. Its eruptions are the largest known to have ever occurred o...
37: ...le with Crow and Blackfoot tribes he gave a description of a place of "fire and brimstone" that was di...
39: ...tervening [[American Civil War]] stopped all attempts to explore the region and Hayden would not be ab...
53: ...]], [[1976]] and a [[World Heritage Site]] on [[September 8]], [[1978]].
73: ...s of basalt and other lava types preceded mega-eruptions of super-heated ash and pumice.]] - Ankara (15129 bytes)
21: ...n I]], second [[bey]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]] captured the city in [[1356]]. [[Turkic people|Turkic]...
34: ...n everyday, and the adjacent museum every day except Mondays).
41: '''The Painting and Sculpture Museum (''Resim-Heykel Müzesi'')''': Clo...
49: ...citadel were laid by the Galatians on a prominent lava outcrop, and the rest was completed by the Romans... - Magma (871 bytes)
1: ...lowing [[lava]]. These products of a volcanic eruption usually contain liquids, crystals and dissolve...
2: ...olidification and related processes or through eruption of the magma at the surface.
3: [[Image:Molten_lava_flowing.jpg|250px|left|thumb]] - Death Valley National Park (38245 bytes)
1: ...pecies of [[plant]]s and [[animal]]s that have adapted to this harsh [[desert]] environment. Some exam...
85: ...ath and Panamint valleys area from space. The elliptical depression to the left is the Searles Lake ba...
91: ... rocks in the Pahrump Group are from [[basalt]]ic lava flows.
98: ...carbonate-rich sediments were periodically interrupted by periods of emergence. Although details of ge...
100: ...events in Death Valley.png|timecale image]]). Erupting volcanoes and uplifting mountains were created... - Sand (3758 bytes)
5: ...en in color, as are sands derived from basalts ([[lava]]s) with a high olivine content. The gypsum sand ...
16: ...gun]] fire. They can be easily transported when empty, and filled with local sand.
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