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- Eudocia Macrembolitissa (2682 bytes)
13: ...e Empresses: Woman and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204''. Routledge, 1999. - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
1: ...[Image:Messalinde-Jerusalem.JPG|frame|A queen accepting fealty from a vassal, possibly Melisende herse...
3: '''Melisende''' ([[1105]] - [[September 11]], [[1161]]) was [[Kingdom of Jerusalem|Q...
9: ...1169]]), and [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] ([[1121]]-[[1204]]). Melisende's authority was not passed over for...
21: ...oon thereafter an unsuccessful assassination attempt against Hugh was attributed to Fulk or his suppor...
23: ...ce. William of Tyre wrote that Fulk "did not attempt to take the initiative, even in trivial matters, ... - Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ..., [[France]], c. [[1124]] – [[March 31]], [[1204]] in [[Fontevrault]], [[Anjou]]) was one of the w...
10: ... when kidnapping an heiress was seen as a viable option for attaining a title, so William wrote up a w...
14: ...weak and ineffectual military leader with no concept of maintaining troop discipline or morale, or of ...
16: ...], an ally until the attack. Failing in this attempt, they retired to Jerusalem, and then home.
28: ... This aroused not only Eleanor's horror and contempt, but most of Europe's. - Greece (54754 bytes)
59: ...nd''}}, [[Portuguese Language|Portuguese]] {{lang|pt|''Grécia''}}, [[Spanish language|Spanish]] {{lan...
70: ...rist is flanked by the Virgin Mary and John the Baptist. The mosaics were made in the 12th century.]]
80: ... not to last: During the Crusading epochs between 1204 to 1458, Greece was overrun by warrings Byzantine...
87: ...Greeks who converted to [[Islam]] and were not Crypto-Christians became [[Turkic peoples|Turks]] in th...
102: ...e by Allied forces in [[Egypt]], the Germans attempted to [[Battle of Crete|seize Crete]] in a massive... - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...atholic Church|Roman Catholic]] endeavors to re-capture the [[Holy Land]] from the [[Islam|Muslims]], ...
9: ...te [[Friday abstinence]] with prayer or alms (except during [[Lent]]).
23: ... behind, were hard to beat: they knew nothing except fighting, they had no gardens and libraries to de...
25: ...lands of [[Syria]], [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Egypt]], and so on had been conquered by [[Muslim]] arm...
26: for holy war to defend Christendom, and to recapture the lost lands, starting at the most important... - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
27: | Arab armies conquer the Levant and Egypt. In the following decades, they take most of Nor...
37: | [[1204]]
51: ...ed empire, and in concert with the [[Pope]], attempted to legitimize their conquests by claiming inher...
68: ...itain]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] or [[Egypt]].
84: ...ovinces were all overrun. Mesopotamia, Syria, Egypt, and the [[Exarchate of Africa]] were permanently... - Castle (27805 bytes)
48: A description of this earlier castle is given in the life of...
52: ...nd a natural rock stronghold which only needed adaptation, as at Clifford, Ludlow, the Peak and Exeter...
59: ... the garrison, used only when all else had been captured. Indeed the keep, in several crusader castles...
61: ...rc;teau Gaillard fell to [[Philip Augustus]] in [[1204]] after a strenuous defence, and the success of t...
63: ...e), entailed the fall of the whole castle. The adoption of the concentric system precluded any such mi... - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
11: ...emains inescapable. Roman titles of power were adopted by successor states and other entities with imp...
19: ...emed to threaten the republic - now placidly accepted one man rule.
25: ...h remained the limits of Empire, with minimal exceptions, for the next four hundred years.
33: ... achievement in the areas of poetry, history, sculpture and architecture. At the same time, a tremendo...
40: ...[aerial surveys]], [[Epigraphy|epigraphic]] inscriptions on buildings, and Augustan [[Roman currency|c... - Venice (22017 bytes)
12: ...with Venetian aid) seized [[Constantinople]] in [[1204]] and established the [[Latin Empire]]. Considera...
14: ...ndent period and politics and the military were kept completely separate. War was regarded as a contin...
31: ... merchantmen, with the privilege of sharing the captain's cabin.
33: ...re [[cavalry|cavalrymen]] while the city's conscripts fought as [[infantry]].
35: ...eacetime. Later in that century, uniforms were adopted that featured red-and-white stripes, and a syst... - Seljuk Turks (7657 bytes)
5: ...Baghdad. [[Ahmed Sanjar]] was captured and held captive by Turkish nomads from [[1153]] to [[1156]] an...
7: ...;rül III]], was the Sultan of all Seljuk except for Anatolia. In [[1194]] Toğrül was d...
73: ...Rüm|Süleyman II]] (Suleiman) [[1196]]-[[1204]]
74: * [[Kilij Arslan III]] [[1204]]-[[1205]] - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
9: ...lptor [[Phidias]], who also had charge of the sculptural decoration. The [[architect]]s were [[Iktinos...
11: ...ling of the columns as they rise, to counter the optical effect of looking up the temple. The effect o...
17: ...c.parthenon4.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Only a few sculptures remain on the Parthenon.]]
19: ...se survive only in part, but there are good descriptions of most of those parts that have been lost. O...
23: ...were painted bright red and blue, so that the sculptures would stand out in greater relief when seen f... - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
11: ...[1510]], Magellan was promoted to the rank of [[captain]]. However, after secretly sailing a ship east...
24: ... the contract, Magellan and Faleiro, as joint [[captain]]s-general, would receive one-twentieth of all...
28: ...agellan's [[flagship]], and besides Faleiro the captains for the other four were Juan de Cartegena, Go...
34: ...lmost prevented Magellan from sailing, but on [[September 20]], Magellan set sail from Sanl?de Barrame...
41: ...lian. A mutiny involving three of the five ship captains broke out. It was unsuccessful, mainly becaus... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
12: *[[Abhinavagupta]] (fl. c. 975 - 1025){{fn|R}}
32: *[[Agrippa the Sceptic]], (1st/2nd century){{fn|R}}
967: *[[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], (1744-1829){{fn|O}}
1059: ...monides|Moses Maimonides]] (or ''Rambam''), (1135-1204){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
1304: *[[Ptolemy]], (c. 85-c. 165){{fn|R}} - Hagia Sophia (7132 bytes)
18: == Description ==
32: ...imperial ceremonies. During the Latin Occupation (1204-1261) the church became a Roman Catholic cathedra...
46: ...mc.org/umw/bible/procopius.stm Contemporary description] by [[Procopius]], ''Buildings'' (De Aedificii... - Byzantine art (10470 bytes)
13: ...rtise of the classical world, particularly in sculpture, was lost in the Byzantine world.
17: ...came the norm of Byzantine art. The only real exception to this was portraits of the Emperors, but eve...
19: ...simplification and stylisation were perfectly acceptable.
21: ... case, it was only in some areas, principally sculpture, that the Byzantines lost the technical attain...
29: ...' (see [[Iconoclasm]]), which lasted, with interruptions, until [[843]]. - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
7: ...h Crusade]] in [[1204]] (April 12), and then re-captured by [[Nicaean Empire|Nicaean]] forces under th... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
62: | 1204 [[Kelvin|K]] (1707.8 ?[[Fahrenheit|F]])
130: | [[electron capture|ε]]
142: ...ndard temperature and pressure|STP]] are used except where noted.</font>
200: ...efore the stable isotope, 141-Pr, is [[electron capture]] and the primary mode after is [[beta minus d... - List of Byzantine Emperors (11779 bytes)
31: ...in I; Count of the Excubitors under Justin II; adopted by Justin II in 574
107: *[[Isaac II Angelus]] (1156-1204, ruled [[1185]] - [[1195]]) – great-grandso...
109: ...exius IV Angelus]] (1182-1204, ruled [[1203]] - [[1204]]) – son of Isaac II
110: ...Angelus]] (restored with Alexius IV, [[1203]] - [[1204]])
111: ...zuphlus (the Bushy-eyebrowed) (1140-1204, ruled [[1204]]) – son-in-law of Alexius III - Song Dynasty (16385 bytes)
39: ...tion: "Song" + temple name or posthumous name except last emperor who was revered as [[Song Di Bing]] ...
183:
245: [[pt:Dinastia Sung]]
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