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- Locomotive (16705 bytes)
1: ...nge class]] [[steam locomotive]], at [[Bristol Temple Meads]] station, Bristol, England]]
3: ...red locomotives, and may be referred to as [[multiple unit]]s or [[railcar]]s; the use of these self-p...
12: ...should the locomotive break down, it is easy to replace it with a new one. Failure of the motive power...
14: ...e payload-hauling cars means that either can be replaced without affecting the other. At some times, l...
21: ... or [[oil]]. Because of the steam engine, some people took to calling the steam locomotives themselves... - Pulmonary alveolus (8193 bytes)
1: An '''alveolus''' (plural:'''alveoli'''), is an anatomical structure th...
16: ...transport. Substances move down a [[concentration gradient]]. Oxygen moves from the alveoli (high oxygen con...
20: ...orne [[pathogen]]s and dust particles. The body employs many defenses to protect the lungs, including ...
38: ==Matching air supply and blood supply in alveoli==
41: ...smatching of ventilation and blood flow. For example, alveolar epithelia secrete vasodilating substan... - Kidney (12846 bytes)
7: ...(anatomy)|spine]] just below the [[liver]] and [[spleen]]. [[Superior]] to each kidney is an [[adrenal...
20: ...ed molecules. Reabsorption and secretion are accomplished with both cotransport and [[countercurrent e...
24: ...ion. Blood pressure provides the force for blood plasma to be filtered through the thin, porous epith...
33: The filtrate is blood plasma without blood cells and large-molecule protei...
39: ...active transport]] to take place by the energy supplied by [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. Glucose, a... - California (63989 bytes)
44: <!-- before modifying these state symbols please verify your changes against official Californ...
57: Grass = [[Stipa|Purple Needlegrass]] |
81: ...Footnotes in this article use names, not numbers. Please see [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for details.
82: ... 1) Assign your footnote a unique name, for example TheSun_Dec9.
86: 5) Multiple footnotes to the same reference: see [[Wikipedia... - Desert (21206 bytes)
8: ... erosion. Because deserts are dry, they are ideal places for human artifacts and fossils to be preserv...
16: ...ccurate description of what a desert is. For example, [[Phoenix, Arizona]] receives less than 250 mil...
18: ...ferent from the simple definition of a desert: a place where evaporation exceeds precipitation.
20: ...freezing year-round, rendering the land almost completely lifeless.
22: ...a moderating, effect in environments where it is plentiful. In some parts of the world deserts are cr... - Sun (20830 bytes)
76: ...ic]]) <br>67.23? <br>(to the [[Milky Way|galactic plane]])
122: ... as do innumerable other bodies including other [[planet]]s, [[asteroid]]s, [[meteoroid]]s, [[comet]]s...
124: ...bits is called ''its'' sun, and stars in a [[multiple star system]] are referred to as the "suns" of b...
128: ... [[light-year]]s from the [[galactic centre]], completing one revolution in about [[1 E15 s|226 Ma]] (...
136: ...un mostly because of the large mass of [[Jupiter (planet)|Jupiter]]. - Meteorology (19082 bytes)
3: ...erature]], [[pressure]], [[water vapor]], and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they ...
5: ...ics]], and [[atmospheric chemistry]] are sub-disciplines of the [[atmospheric sciences]].
10: ...|halo]] around the moon, without bothering with explanations.
12: ...[[Robert Hooke]], while [[Horace de Saussure]] completed this list of the most important meteorologica...
16: ...extent of the large scale interaction of pressure gradient force and deflecting [[coriolis effect|force]] th... - Carnivorous plant (44834 bytes)
1: ...trapped inside ]]A '''carnivorous plant''' is a [[plant]] that derives some or most of its
3: ...[[insect]]s and other [[arthropod]]s. Carnivorous plants usually
4: grow in places where the soil is thin or poor in nutrients,
6: ...rote the first well-known treatise on carnivorous plants in 1875.
10: ...asic trapping mechanisms exploited by carnivorous plants. These - Mitochondrion (10103 bytes)
3: ...]] [[cell (biology)|cells]], including those of [[plant]]s, [[animal]]s, [[fungus|fungi]], and [[proti...
5: ...described as "[[cell (biology)|cellular]] [[power plant]]s", because their primary function is to conv...
9: ...ally, mitochondria can fuse with one another, or split in two.
11: ...l membrane''. The outer mitochondrial membrane completely encloses the organelle, serving as its outer...
18: ...hich is usually characteristic of [[bacteria]]l [[plasma membrane]]s. - Erosion (6998 bytes)
4: ...to limit erosion by [[terrace]]-building and tree planting.
6: ...nd in fact healthy for the [[ecosystem]]. For example, [[gravel]]s continually move downstream in wate...
17: ...nates primarily from water erosion in the [[Loess Plateau]] region of northwest China.
19: ...rasive fluid mixtures. [[Cavitation]] is one example.
26: ...th the slope weakening it. In many cases it is simply the result of poor engineering along highways wh... - Continental shelf (2503 bytes)
1: ...t merges into the flat ocean floor, the [[abyssal plain]].
3: ... foreedge of an advancing [[oceanic crust|oceanic plate]] dives beneath [[continental crust]] in an of...
5: ...red to the biotic desert of the oceans' [[abyssal plain]]. Cod from the [[Grand Banks]] off [[Newfound...
7: ...[oil]] and [[gas]] extraction, from the sea takes place on the continental shelf. Sovereign rights ove...
11: == Exploration == - Pressure (9004 bytes)
1: ...n easily damage the wall, even though the force applied is the same, because the point concentrates th...
12: ...t necessarily being a that of a body, but for example the cross sectional area of a conduit.
14: The [[gradient]] of pressure is [[force density]].
16: ...are sometimes called '''gauge pressure'''. An example of this is the air pressure in a tire of a car, ... - Albatross (4372 bytes)
3: {{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
9: {{Taxobox_end_placement}}
10: {{Taxobox_section_subdivision | color = pink | plural_taxon = Genera}}
19: ...e no hind toe, and the three anterior toes are completely webbed.
21: ...ronts gaining [[energy]] from the vertical [[wind gradient]]. Their principal food is [[cephalopod]]s. - Hot spring (7271 bytes)
3: A '''hot spring''' is a place where warm or hot [[groundwater]] issues from ...
7: ... geothermal [[gradient]]. If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it c...
9: ...as are often at or near the [[boiling point]]. People have been seriously burned and even killed by ac...
15: ...[mineral]] content, containing everything from simple [[calcium]] to [[lithium]], and even [[radium]]....
17: ... The [[onsen]](a Japanese word for "hot spring") plays a notable role in Japanese culture and is one ... - Avalanche (25211 bytes)
3: ...ountain]]s in [[winter]]. An avalanche is an example of a [[gravity current]] consisting of [[granula...
5: ...ften classified by what they are made of, for example snow, ice, [[landslide|rock or soil avalanches]]...
7: ...e, achieving a speed of 100 km/h. It killed 12 people in their chalets under 100,000 tons of snow, 5 m...
9: ...ntainsides, troops have induced avalanches with explosives on purpose to bury the enemy, as in the mov...
16: ...ing]] (e.g. during jumps) or intentionally by [[explosive]]s, slope-cuts and other means. More than 9... - Cyclone (6571 bytes)
6: ...of a cyclone is a low-pressure region. [[Pressure gradient force]], from high- to low-pressure reasons, caus...
16: ...er, and some if it through horizontal temperature gradients in the atmosphere. They move out of the extratr...
56: .../www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7s.html Explantion of Mid-Latitude Cyclones] - Biology (23579 bytes)
2: ...velop a list of the most basic topics in biology, please see [[Wikipedia:biology basic topics]].''
4: ... fields that are often viewed as independent disciplines. Together, they study life over a wide range ...
23: ==Principles of biology==
25: ...nevertheless characterized by several major principles and concepts which include: universality, evolu...
33: ...e of universal processes is also present, for example in most [[metazoan]] organisms the basic steps o... - Subduction (7616 bytes)
1: ...uld not exist and Earth would be a very different planet. Without subduction zones, Earth's [[crust]]...
3: ... Juan de Fuca plate sinks below the North America plate at the [[Cascadia subduction zone]].]]
5: ...t to subduct. Where lithosphere onthe downgoing plate is too buoyant to subduct, a collision occurs,...
7: ... of about 670 km, whereas other subducted oceanic plates can penetrate all the way to the [[core-mantl...
11: ...he [[Mariana trench]]. Trenches occur where one plate begins its descent beneath another. [[Volcano... - Laboratory (5761 bytes)
2: ...'laboratory''' (often abbreviated '''lab''') is a place where [[science|scientific research]] and [[ex...
6: ...centrations, as well as orders and distributes supplies (glassware, chemicals, personal protective equ...
12: ...articles from a liquid, or create a [[density]] [[gradient]], [[spectrophotometer]]s to accurately measure t...
18: ...utomated analyser]]s) designed to process many samples and numerous tests. Research and experimentatio...
26: ...articles from a liquid, or create a [[density]] [[gradient]], [[spectrophotometer]]s to accurately measure t... - Krypton (9031 bytes)
182: == Applications ==
185: ...]. Kr-85 is used in chemical analysis. When it is placed in various solids [[kryptonate]]s are formed ...
188: ...ber]] [[1983]] the krypton standard was in turn replaced by the [[Bureau International des Poids et Me...
198: ... of [[fuel rod]]s from nuclear reactors. A strong gradient exists between the northern and southern hemisphe...
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