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- Rio de Janeiro (14538 bytes)
19: ...y, the city was threaten or invaded by several - mostly French - pirates and buccaneers, such as [[Jea...
21: ...l [[1808]], when the Portuguese Royal Family and most of the [[Lisbon]] nobles, fleeing from [[Napoleo...
23:
25: ...hek managed to have [[Bras�a]] built, at great cost, by [[1960]]. On April 21st that year, the capit...
35: ...-style aqueduct - the "Arcos da Carioca" built in 1750 and converted to a tram viaduct in 1896 - and ram... - Steel (28384 bytes)
3: '''Steel''' is a [[metal]] [[alloy]] whose major component is [[iron]], with [[carbon]] bei...
8: ...a]] and their excretion of [[oxygen]] into the atmosphere, iron can be found in the crust only in comb...
11: ... making quality steel. At room temperature, the most stable form of iron is the [[body-centered cubic...
13: ...tructure to austenite, and identical chemical composition. As such, it requires extremely little ther...
15: ...formation into martensite, by contrast, occurs almost immediately, due to a lower activation energy. - Puritan (15882 bytes)
4: ...nnovation, rather than a particular church. The closest analogy in the present day to the meaning of "...
5: ...e group had become so divided that "Puritan" was most often used by opponents and detractors of the gr...
8: ...|Lutheran Germany]]. These contacts shaped their position towards Elizabeth's religious [[via media]] ...
10: ...s (particularly [[Ancient Rome|Rome]]), by the impositions of kings and popes. They all argued for a ...
12: ...nspection sharpened Puritanism into a definite opposition movement. - Maria Theresa of Austria (8450 bytes)
4: ...the most powerful women of her time, ruling over most of central Europe.
6: ...f [[Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles VI]] whose sole male heir - his son Leopold Johann - died a...
8: ...of her Austrian dominions, but she actually kept most of the power to herself.
15: ...el of Spain (1741-1763), then HSH Princess Marie Josephe of Bavaria (1739-1767); no surviving issue. [...
22: *HI&RH Archduchess Marie Johanna (1750-1762) - Denis Diderot (13048 bytes)
3: ...uly 31]], [[1784]]) was a [[France|French]] [[philosopher]] and [[writer]]. Born in [[Langres]], [[Cha...
5: ...nd content, while also examining [[philosophy|philosophical]] ideas relating to [[free will]]. He is a...
7: ...ictures that we have of the daily life of the philosophic circle in Paris.
10:
12: ...desperate and unfathomable uncertainty of the philosophy which professes to be so high above both chur... - History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
4: ... as an art form goes back to Prehistoric times. Most [[Stone Age]] statuettes were made of ivory or s...
8: ...BC). Among them are a wooden harp with gold and mosaic inlay with a black-bearded golden bull's head.
11: ...ed to begin with the reign of [[Hammurabi]], in [[1750 BC]]. Hammurabi was famous for his [[Code of Ham...
18: ...n, often made to look like the [[Pharaoh]]. The most famous is the [[Great Sphinx of Giza]], located ...
27: ...ist were found together in a single grave on [[Keros]], dating from 2700 - 2750 BC. - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
2: ...een known as the '''French horn''' since at least 1750, although this usage is uncommon among players of...
12: ...r the mouthpiece and rest the body of the horn across his arm so that only one hand was needed to play...
14: ...d to a harmonic series, and some of the great composers started to write concerti for this new instrum...
23: ...le horn "revolutionized horn playing technique almost as much as did the invention of the valve." [Mor...
26: ...F/B-flat double horn variety, various special-purpose instruments are available (usually at a very hig... - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
65: * [[3rd century BC|200s BC]]: [[Crossbow]] in [[History of China|China]]
70: ...[[Clockwork]] (the [[Antikythera mechanism]]): [[Posidonius]]?
82: * [[673]]: [[Greek fire]]: [[Kallinikos]]
118: * [[1609]]: [[Microscope]]: [[Galileo Galilei]]
138: * [[1750]]: [[Flatboat]]: [[Jacob Yoder]] - List of painters (54090 bytes)
28: *[[Oswald Achenbach]] ([[1827]]-[[1905]])
37: *[[Josef Albers]] ([[1888]]-[[1976]])
93: *[[Vladimir Baranoff-Rossine]] ([[1888]]-[[1944]])
158: *[[Ross Bleckner]] ([[1949]]-)
171: *[[Rosa Bonheur]] ([[1822]]-[[1899]]) - Ming Dynasty (65624 bytes)
2: ...e historians argue that Early Ming China was the most advanced nation on Earth at the time.
6: ...zhang, the future [[Hongwu emperor]], became the most powerful of the various [[Han Chinese]] groups a...
8: ...easant revolutionaries to have ruled the world's most populous nation.
10: ...n, and given the realistic threat to China still posed by the Mongols, Hongwu reassessed the orthodox ...
14: ...ure and philosophy was revamped. Candidates for posts in the civil service or the officer corps of th... - Prehistory (4111 bytes)
27: ... period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworkers developed the techniques o...
31: ...til the coming of the Europeans, between 1500 and 1750 CE. - Uranus (15207 bytes)
119: ...ff" colspan="2"| [[celestial body's atmosphere|Atmospheric]] characteristics
121: !align="left"| [[Atmospheric pressure]]
145: ...nus B.png|10px|Astronomical symbol for Uranus]] (mostly astronomical).
148: ===Composition===
149: ...r is due to the absorption of [[red]] light by atmospheric [[methane]]. - January 1 (18244 bytes)
12: ...egular mail delivery begins between New York and Boston.
35: *[[1902]] - The first [[Rose Bowl (game)|Rose Bowl]] game is played in [[Pasadena, California]...
79: **[[Velvet Divorce]]: [[Czechoslovakia]] is divided into the [[Slovakia|Slovak Re...
107: *[[1750]] - [[Frederick Muhlenberg]], first speaker of th...
108: *[[1752]] - [[Betsy Ross]], American seamstress (d. [[1836]]) - Polar bear (6417 bytes)
15: ...(900 to 1300 lbs) and occasionally exceed 800 kg (1750 lbs). Females are about half the size of males an...
22: It is the most completely carnivorous member of the [[bear]] fa...
24: ...ned, not mainly by [[hunting]], but by [[habitat loss]] caused by [[global warming]]; for example, the... - List of popes (77758 bytes)
6: ...upreme Pontiff]] of the [[One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church|Universal Church]], [[Patriarch]] of...
27: | <small>''post''[[42]]/''ante''[[57]] to [[64]]/[[67]](?)</smal...
315: | '''[[Pope Zosimus]]'''<br><small>Saint Zosimus</small>
316: | Papa '''Zosimus''', <small>Episcopus Romanus</small>
405: | <small>[[Frosinone]], Southern Latium, Italy</small> - Age of Enlightenment (36312 bytes)
3: ...o the [[18th century]] in [[Europe | European philosophy]], and is often thought of
4: ...ity of science movement which includes [[logical positivism]].
6: ... of the age. However, prominent Enlightenment philosophers such as [[Voltaire]] and [[Jean-Jacques Rou...
8: ... continued rise of [[empiricism | empirical]] philosophical ideas, and their application to [[politica...
11: == History of Enlightenment philosophy == - History of astronomy (13532 bytes)
2: ..., and not completely separate from it until about 1750‑1800 in the [[Western World]]. Early astron...
10: ...ded on planting at the correct time of year. The most common modern calendar is based on the Roman cal...
46: ...ts of stars, planets, the Sun and the Moon. [[Eratosthenes]], using the angles of shadows created at w...
50: ...contributions to astronomy, but the progress was mostly stagnant in [[Middle Ages|medieval]] [[Europe]...
52: ...te than the [[Julian Calendar|Julian]] and came close to the [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]]. An amaz... - Hittites (17910 bytes)
1: ...Boğazk?n north-central [[Turkey]]), through most of the second millennium BC.
14: ... it. Shortly after this, [[Archibald Sayce]] proposed that the Anatolian Hatti was identical with the...
32: The early Hittites, whose prior whereabouts are unknown, borrowed heavily ...
34: ... be used in the Hittite kingdom for religious purposes, and there is substantial continuity between th...
43: ... home, and the Hittite Empire was plunged into chaos. The [[Hurrians]], a people living in the mountai... - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...775]], Franklin became the first [[United States Postmaster General]].
4: ...]s, improvements to the [[glass harmonica]], and possibly [[bifocals]].
9: Franklin's father, Josiah Franklin, was born at [[Ecton]], [[Northampton...
11: In around [[1677]], Josiah married a one Anne Child at Ecton; and over th...
13: ...), and Joseph ([[June 30]], [[1689]]) (the first Joseph having died soon after birth). - March 21 (10586 bytes)
6: ...roys 856 buildings in [[New Orleans]] and leaves most of the town in ruins.
20: ...ntiary]] on an island in [[San Francisco Bay]], closes.
24: ...lamation was issued by [[San Francisco]] Mayor [[Joseph Alioto]].
27: ...[[boycott]] of the [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]] to [[protest]] the [[Soviet Invasion of Afgh...
30: ... allegations that tie [[baseball]] player [[Pete Rose]] to [[baseball]] [[gambling]].
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