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- Ionic order (6526 bytes)
2: ...]] of [[classical architecture]], the other two canonic orders being the [[Doric order|Doric]] and the...
4: ...rthquake levelled it, was the Temple of Hera on [[Samos]], built about [[570 BC]] - [[560 BC]] by the arc...
6: Unlike the Greek Doric order, Ionic [[column]]s normally stand on a base (''but see illustration, le...
9: ...|thumb|right|An archaic Greek Ionic capital, in ''Nordisk familjebok'', 1910]]
10: ...e most often fluted: [[Inigo Jones]] introduced a note of sobriety with plain Ionic columns on his [[B... - Aristarchus (4292 bytes)
1: ...k]] [[Copernicus]]"). His astronomical ideas were not well-received and were subordinated to those of ...
3: ...] [[3999 Aristarchus]], both named after the astronomer.''
7: ...rough citations, however, that Aristarchus wrote another book in which he advanced an alternative [[hy...
9: ...is the common account as you have heard from astronomers. But Aristarchus has brought out a book consi...
11: ...ar away, and saw this as the reason why there was no visible [[parallax]], that is, an observed moveme... - Cartography (10500 bytes)
1: ...zed cartography. Most commercial quality maps are now made with map making [[software]] that falls int...
7: The oldest known map dates from the [[5th millennium BCE]]. The ...
11: ...s cylindrical. In [[288 BCE]], [[Aristarchus]] of Samos was the first to say that the [[sun]] was the cen...
13: ...ecame the basis of [[mathematics]], was the first notable person to say that the earth was a sphere. [...
14: ...umb|[[Muhammad al-Idrisi]]'s world map from 1154. Note that south is at the top of the map.]] - Aeschines (2644 bytes)
11: ...his name (Hercher, ''Epistolographi Graeci'') are not genuine. - Alcibiades (7778 bytes)
2: ...4;ΩΝΙΔΗΣ</small>)[[#Notes|¹]] (c. [[450 BC]]-[[404 BC]]) was an Ath...
4: ...n in [[Athens]], the son of [[Cleinias]] and [[Deinomache]], who belonged to the family of the [[Alcma...
7: Nor did the instructors of his early manhood supply ...
9: ...s master [[Socrates]], he was able to admire, but not to imitate or practise.
10: ...s, his debaucheries and his impious revels became notorious. - Pythagoras (10747 bytes)
2: ...Ionian]] [[mathematician]] and [[philosopher]], known best for formulating the [[Pythagorean theorem]...
6: Known as "the father of numbers", he made influential...
9: ...e was born to the parents of Pythais (a native of Samos) and Mnesarchus (a merchant from Tyre). As a youn...
16: ...trayed on [[Roman empire|Roman]] [[coin]]s from [[Samos]]]]
19: ...ndeed, he who sows the seed of murder and pain cannot reap joy and love" (excerpt from the book ''The ... - Aristotle (37648 bytes)
8: ...s (Plato)|Phaedrus]]''. His ideas are therefore known to us only indirectly, through Plato and a few ...
10: ... the world we see is but an imperfect copy. Such knowledge has ethical as well as scientific importanc...
12: ...t, unpublished texts. These were probably lecture notes or texts used by his students, and were almost...
14: ...ractically comprise an [[encyclopedia]] of Greek knowledge.
21: ...or a plain and unadorned (though not easy) style; not one is a dialogue. Some lost works of Aristotle ... - Nicolaus Copernicus (26283 bytes)
3: ...uman life as well, opening the door to young astronomers everywhere to challenge the facts and never t...
8: ...f Copernicus' father. His brother Andrew became canon in [[Frombork]]. A sister, Barbara, became a [[B...
10: ...menico Maria Novara da Ferrara]], a famous [[astronomer]]. He followed his lessons and became a discip...
12: ...opernicus made in [[1497]] together with Domenico Novara, are recorded in ''De revolutionibus orbium c...
14: ...some lessons of astronomy or maths (unfortunately nothing of this remains to us). - List of mathematicians (37424 bytes)
3: __NOTOC__
9: *[[Niels Henrik Abel]] (Norway, [[1802]] - [[1829]])
31: *[[Anthemius of Tralles]] (Constantinople c. [[474]] - c. [[534]])
34: *[[Apollonius of Perga]] (Asia Minor, [[265 BC|265 B.C.]] - [[170 BC|170 B.C.]])
41: *[[Vladimir Igorevich Arnol'd]] ([[1937]] - ) - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
1: '''Famous [[astronomer]]s and [[astrophysicist]]s''' include:
3: __NOTOC__
16: *[[Agrippa]] ([[Greece|Greek]], ''unknown'' – [[92]])
39: *[[Aristarchus]] ([[Samos]], circa [[310 BC]] – circa [[230 BC]])
40: *[[Christoph Arnold]] ([[Germany]], [[1650]] – [[1695]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
1: '''[[Philosopher]]s''' ''(and non-philosophers important in the history of philoso...
3: {{compactTOC}} __NOTOC__
5: *[[Pietro d'Abano]], (1250?-1316)
7: *[[Nicola Abbagnano]], (1901-1990)
25: *[[Theodor Adorno]], (1903-1969){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}} - Peloponnesian War (15884 bytes)
5: ...wed it to challenge the Lacedaemonians (commonly known as the [[Sparta|Spartans]]), who, as leaders of...
7: ...y Thucydides, but modern economic historians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosp...
13: ...ots]], needed to be kept under control, and could not be left unsupervised for long periods of time.
15: ... [[Battle of Naupactus (429 BC)|Naupactus]] (now known as "Nᶰaktos"). In [[430 BC|430]], however, an...
17: ...ing helot runaways. To lose these slaves was bad enough, but the fear of a general revolt of helots em... - Aegean Sea (2751 bytes)
3: ...the Greek peninsula and [[Anatolia]] (Asia Minor, now part of [[Turkey]]). It is connected to the [[Ma...
7: ...cient civilizations - the [[Minoan civilization|Minoans]] of [[Crete]], and the [[Mycenaean Greece|Myc...
9: ...nerally difficult. Many of the islands are [[volcano|volcanic]], and [[marble]] and [[iron]] are mined... - Hipparchus (astronomer) (50785 bytes)
2: ...; circa [[120 BC]]) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], and [[mathematician]]. The ...
4: ...eserved by later copyists. As a consequence, we know comparatively little about Hipparchus.
8: Most of what is known about Hipparchus comes from [[Ptolemy]]'s ([[2n...
14: ...exandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it is not known if and when he visited these places.
16: ...nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia that bear his name and show him wit... - Hipparchus (50784 bytes)
1: ...; circa [[120 BC]]) was a [[Greeks|Greek]] [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], and [[mathematician]]. The ...
3: ...eserved by later copyists. As a consequence, we know comparatively little about Hipparchus.
7: Most of what is known about Hipparchus comes from [[Ptolemy]]'s ([[2n...
13: ...exandria]] as well as [[Babylon]], but it is not known if and when he visited these places.
15: ...nd and 3rd centuries [[coin]]s were made in his honour in Bithynia that bear his name and show him wit... - List of island countries (6641 bytes)
56: *[[Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]] dispute between [[Cyprus]] and [[T...
58: ====Autonomous or semi-autonomous====
61: *[[Cook Islands]][[#Notes|?]]
67: *[[Niue]][[#Notes|?]]
68: *[[Northern Mariana Islands]][[#Notes|?]] - Roman commerce (14626 bytes)
1: ... in popular culture have tended to neglect the economic basis of the empire in favor of the [[lingua f...
3: ...ity of runaways, the [[Roman Servile Wars]] and minor uprisings, they gave a distinct flavor to Roman ...
11: ...population (Safra p78). This suggests that the economic benefits of the Empire did reach, at least, th...
13: *Ze'ev Safrai "The Economy of Roman Palestine", London 1994
16: ...pecially the smaller ones, could be located in economically rational positions. Before, and after, the...
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