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- Lava dome (958 bytes)
1: ...e unstable and prone to collapse. When part of a lava dome collapses while it still contains molten roc...
3: ...[[Java (island)|Java]], at [[Soufriere Hills volcano]] in [[Montserrat]], and at [[Mt. St. Helens]] in... - Lava flow (9578 bytes)
4: <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px...
5: ... style="float: left;">[[Image:Wiktionary.png|50px|none|Wiktionary|]]</div>
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: ...0�F to 2200�F). However, the [[viscosity]] of lava is 100,000 times that of water. Nevertheless, the...
11: ...flow of water and mud down the flanks of the volcano following heavy rain. - Lava (9992 bytes)
4: <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px...
5: ... style="float: left;">[[Image:Wiktionary.png|50px|none|Wiktionary|]]</div>
6: ...argin-left: 60px;">Look up '''''[[wiktionary:Lava|Lava]]''''', '''''[[wiktionary:Aa|‘A‘a]]''...
9: ...C (1300F to 2200F). However, the [[viscosity]] of lava is 100,000 times that of water. Nevertheless, the...
11: ...flow of water and mud down the flanks of the volcano following heavy rain.
Page text matches
- Geology (12007 bytes)
3: ...ron]], [[copper]], and [[uranium]]. Additional economic interests include minerals such as [[asbestos]...
5: ... system. However, specialised terms such as ''selenology'' (studies of the [[Moon]]), ''areology'' (of...
12: ...]] (Georg Agricola), a physician, summarized the knowledge of [[mining]] and [[metallurgy]] [[1556]].
16: ...tard recorded the first observation of the [[Volcano|volcanic]] origins of this part of France. [[Jame...
20: ...n had previously been supposed in order to allow enough time for mountains to be eroded and for [[sedi... - Age of the Earth (20052 bytes)
1: ...e the accretion time of the Earth is not exactly known yet and the predictions from different accretio...
3: == Prescientific notions ==
4: ...lculated from the Bible (augmented by some [[astronomy]] and [[numerology]]) that creation began on [[...
9: ...re scientific basis. The naturalist [[Mikhail Lomonosov]], regarded as the founder of [[Russia]]n scie...
11: Lomonosov's ideas were mostly speculative, but in [[1779... - Igneous rock (11419 bytes)
1: [[Image:Hawaii_lava.jpg|thumb|right|Volcanic flow on the Big Island o...
33: ...trusive igneous rocks''' are the result of [[volcano|volcanic eruptions]] and, therefore, solidify in ...
35: ...ough the fractures to the surface, forming a volcano.
37: ...ill flow from the volcano and spread out. Because lava cools and crystallizes rapidly, it is fine graine...
41: ...ck) and may fall nearby, forming part of the volcano itself, or may be spread over great distances by ... - Basalt (2961 bytes)
2: ...rained and dense. Basalt in the tops of subaerial lava flows and cinders will often be highly vesiculate...
4: ...lled surfaces of lava flows, and is commonly (but not exclusively) associated with underwater eruption...
8: ...w in the world is the [[Giant's Causeway]] on the northern coast of [[Ireland]], in which the vertical...
17: # {{note|Hyndman85}} {{Book reference | Author=Hyndman, ... - Volcano (27295 bytes)
1: [[Image:Volcano2.jpg|thumb|225px|left|Volcano Illustration provided by [http://classroomclipart...
2: ...ions exist in '''[[hotspot (geology)|hotspot volcanoes]]'''.
3: ...g|thumb|right|300px|Smoking Bromo and Semeru volcanoes on [[Java (island)|Java]] in [[Indonesia]].]]
4: The name "volcano" has its origin from the name of [[Vulcan (god)|V...
5: ...of volcanoes is called [[vulcanology]] (or ''volcanology'' in some spellings). - Hawaii (34434 bytes)
9: Capital = [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] |
10: LargestCity = [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] |
12: Governor = [[Linda Lingle]] |
25: ...leutian Standard Time Zone|Hawaii]]: [[UTC]]-10/ (no daylight saving time) |
37: ...ulation of 1,211,537 people. [[Honolulu, Hawaii|Honolulu]] is the largest city and the state capital. - Oregon (26551 bytes)
11: Governor = [[Ted Kulongoski]] |
13: OfficialLang = ''None'' |
36: ...ainfall, but only the western 2/5 of the state is notably rainy; east of the Cascades the climate is m...
38: ...ate's name is properly [[IPA chart for English|pronounced]] {{IPA|[ˈɔɹ.ə.gən]...
43: ... the first place. The state has pioneered some innovative solutions to the nation's environmental pro... - Cretaceous (7391 bytes)
1: ...nes the boundary between the [[Mesozoic]] and [[Cenozoic]] [[era]]s.
6: ...art and end are uncertain by a few million years. No great [[extinction]] or burst of diversity separa...
29: | [[Cenomanian]]
57: ...ts, a broad shallow sea advanced across central [[North America]] (the [[Western Interior Seaway]]) an...
59: ...e. Climates were warm, and even polar regions had no permanent [[ice]]. - Cave (10592 bytes)
2: [[image:Lavacaveexit.jpg|thumb|300px|The outside world viewed ...
3: ...must be large enough that some portion of it will not receive daylight; however, in popular usage, the...
10: ...e at Craters of the Moon NM-750px.JPG|thumb|300px|Lava tube cave at [[Craters of the Moon National Monum...
11: ...the surface cools down and becomes hard. The lava now flows inside its crust, until the eruption ends....
12: The liquid lava inside the crust flows out and leaves a hollow tu... - Landform (3582 bytes)
120: *[[lava dome]]
121: *[[lava flow]] & [[lava plain]]
126: ...lcano]] & [[composite volcano]] (or [[stratovolcano]])
129: ...e headings. Some other erosion landforms that do not fall into the above categories include: - Mercury (planet) (22924 bytes)
1: ...he greatest [[elongation]] is 28.3?). Mercury has no [[natural satellite]]s. The only [[spacecraft]] t...
3: ...lled [[Hermes]] when in the evening sky, but was known as [[Apollo]] when it appeared in the morning, ...
10: ...t 11 K (with respect only to [[solar radiation]]; not [[climate]] or [[season]]). The sunlight on Merc...
12: ...[freezing|frozen]] [[water]] [[ice]] at Mercury's north pole. Such ice is believed to exist at the bot...
16: ...re less heavily cratered and probably formed when lava flows buried earlier terrain. In addition, Mercur... - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
5: ...ndar based on Venus's motion) and must have been known long before in prehistoric times, given that it...
7: ...ith [[sexually transmitted disease]]s. Some astronomers use ''[[Cytherean]]'', which comes from [[Cyt...
14: ...ion of its dense atmosphere, the temperature does not vary significantly between the night and day sid...
16: ...er to the Sun than Earth, the surface of Venus is not as well heated and even less well lit by the Sun...
18: ...oud tops, but winds at the surface are very slow, no more than a few kilometres per hour. However, owi... - Mars (27704 bytes)
2: ...Image:Mars NPArea-PIA00161 modest.jpg|thumb|right|North Polar region with icecap. (Courtesy NASA/JPL-C...
13: ...niformly distributed in the atmosphere. Plans are now being made to look for other 'companion' gases t...
24: ...], this interpretation remains controversial with no consensus having emerged.
27: ...ography is striking: northern plains flattened by lava flows contrast with the southern highlands, pitte...
29: ...called [[Tharsis]], containing several large volcanos. See [[list of mountains on Mars]]. Mars also h... - Pompeii (10901 bytes)
3: ...g an [[volcanic eruption|eruption]] of the [[volcano]] [[Mount Vesuvius]] in 79 CE. The eruption was d...
9: ...ered Pompeii for a while, but these theories have not been verified.
11: ...ius|Cornelia]] [[Venus (goddess)|Veneria]] Pompeianorum'''. The town became an important passage for g...
18: ...ried the city and obscured the sun on a mild afternoon. Coincidentally, the date was that of the [[Vul...
20: ...ius Tacitus|Tacitus]]. Pliny saw a strange phenomenon occurring over Mt. Vesuvius: a large dark cloud ... - Sodalite (4894 bytes)
31: | [[Pleochroism]]|| None - isotropic
47: ...[sodalite group]] and together with [[hauyne]], [[nosean]] and [[lazurite]] is a common constituent of...
49: ...overed in [[1806]] in [[Greenland]], sodalite did not become important as an ornamental stone until [[...
52: ...]] it may be classed as a [[feldspathoid]]. Well known for its blue colour, sodalite may also be grey,...
63: ...ls are found in northern [[Namibia]] and in the [[lava]]s of [[Vesuvius]], [[Italy]]. These rare specime... - Yellowstone National Park (23738 bytes)
25: ...uare miles ([[1 E9 m?|8,980 km?]]), mostly in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The park is famous for ...
27: ...40,000 years ago. Its eruptions are the largest known to have ever occurred on Earth, producing drast...
32: ...tory of the park dates back 12,000 years. It was known to the original natives as "Mitzi-a-dazi," the ...
37: ... group of fur-trappers and was probably the first non-Native American to visit the region and make con...
39: ...e to fulfill his mission to explore the area for another 11 years. - Ankara (15129 bytes)
2: ...n elevation of 850 m. (2800 ft.) It was formerly known as '''[[Angora|Angora]]''' or '''Engür...
6: ...ngarius) River. The city is located 39°52'30" North, 32°50' East (39.875, 32.8333).
8: ...the picturesqueness of the view; but the town was not well built, many of its houses constructed of su...
13: ...s environs fell into the share of [[Antigonus I Monophthalmus|Antigonus]].
15: ... first to make Ankara their capital. It was then known as '''Ancyra''', meaning "[[anchor]]", one of t... - Magma (871 bytes)
1: ...volcano|volcanic]] vents in the form of flowing [[lava]]. These products of a volcanic eruption usually...
3: [[Image:Molten_lava_flowing.jpg|250px|left|thumb]] - Death Valley National Park (38245 bytes)
3: ...ry]] and early [[20th century|20th]] to exploit minor local bonanzas of gold. The only long-term profi...
5: ...egion out of the sea and created a line of [[volcano]]es. Later the [[Crust (geology)|crust]] started ...
9: ...in the last few million years and both bounded by north-south trending [[mountain range]]s. These and ...
36: ...on this mountain range doesn't allow the canyons enough time to cut a classic V-shape all the way down...
38: ...or the Death Valley area makes it [[North America|North America's]] driest spot, receiving about 1.7 i... - Sand (3758 bytes)
5: ...en in color, as are sands derived from basalts ([[lava]]s) with a high olivine content. The gypsum sand ...
9: The study of sand is called [[arenology]].
21: Bags of sand now typically carry labels warning the user to wear ...
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