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- Gastrointestinal tract (16596 bytes)
67: ...the stomach, including the nature of the food (mainly its fat and protein content) and the degree of m...
88: ...se molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. Glucose is carried through the bloodstream to the liver, ...
90: ...g of the small intestine digests table sugar into glucose and fructose, each of which can be absorbed from ...
126: *The first organ is the ''tongue'' which is only present in the phylum [[Chordata]].
127: ...gus''. It is instead called a ''crop''. It is an enlargement of the esophagus used to store food and e... - Kidney (12846 bytes)
37: ...The next portion of the tubule is the [[loop of Henle]], which leads to the [[distal convoluted tubule...
39: ...ergy supplied by [[adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. Glucose, amino acids, variable ammounts of mineral ions a...
47: The site where the ascending loop of Henle touches the afferent arteriole, is called the [[...
94: *[[Hydronephrosis]] is the enlargement of one or both of the kidneys caused by o...
105: ...nerally, man can live fine with just one kidney. Only when the amount of functioning kidney tissue is ... - Liver (11441 bytes)
9: ... tree, and indeed the term "biliary tree" is commonly used in this setting.
11: It is unique as the only internal human organ capable of natural [[regene...
54: ** ''[[Gluconeogenesis]]'' (the formation of [[glucose]] from certain [[amino acid]]s, [[lactate]] or [[...
55: ** ''[[Glycogenolysis]]'' (the formation of glucose from [[glycogen]])
56: ...cogenesis]]'' (the formation of [[glycogen]] from glucose) - Adrenal gland (7544 bytes)
11: Composed mainly of hormone-producing [[chromaffin cell]]s, the a...
23: ...ona fasciculata]] - glucocorticoid production, mainly [[cortisol]] (roughly 95%)
28: ...id-producing tissues. Subsequent steps, however, only occur in the adrenal cortex.
43: ...icoids. This three-organ endocrine system is commonly called the [[HPA axis|hypothalamic-pituitary-adr...
49: ...mulating [[gluconeogenesis]], the production of [[glucose]] from newly-released amino acids and [[lipid]]s - Tooth (14790 bytes)
3: ...]]s are used for slicing food. In [[carnivore]]s only.
35: ...r an infant. Human children have 20 milk teeth evenly distributed across the quadrants. Each quadrant ...
44: Adult humans have 32 teeth evenly distributed across the quadrants. Each quadrant...
53: ...r of each quadrant (i.e. the third molar and commonly referred to as [[wisdom teeth]]) may or may not ...
87: Sugars are commonly associated with dental caries. Other carbohydrat... - Honey (11666 bytes)
18: *[[Glucose]]: 31%
41: ...ser extent, [[red beech]]. In the early morning sunlight, the droplets of nectar glisten like the morn...
71: ...enting nor turning rancid. <!--Not unsurprising, only fats go rancid-->
87: ...'Crystallized Honey''' Honey in which some of the glucose content has spontaneously crystallized from solut... - Cell (biology) (28190 bytes)
27: ...' cells are structurally simple. They are found only in single-celled and [[Colony (biology)|colonial...
49: ...les contained in it. The term ''cytosol'' refers only to the fluid itself.
63: ...ne or more vital functions. Organelles are found only in eukaryotes and are, with a few exceptions, su...
69: ...ve their own genome. Chloroplasts and are found only in photosynthetic eukaryotes like plants and [[a...
193: *[[Flagellum]] (only in gametes) - Nutrition (42689 bytes)
10: ...bsorbed matter is excreted in the [[feces]]. But only a minimal amount of digestive juice is eliminate...
14: ...ate and the post-digestion state. The effect may only be discernible after an extended period of time ...
24: ===Antiquity through Enlightenment===
35: ... [[François Magendie]] discovers that dogs fed only [[carbohydrates]] and [[fat]] lost their body [[...
37: ...e and protein, showing that the energy in blood [[glucose]] can be stored in fat as [[glycogen]]. - Photosynthesis (9830 bytes)
6: ...ce, the over-all equation for the production of [[glucose]] is:
8: ... → C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O<sub>6</sub> (glucose) + 6O<sub>2</sub>
10: ...neral outline, this is the opposite of the above: glucose and other compounds react with oxygen to produce ...
33: Note that oxygen is only produced from the water, and not from the carbon...
37: ... such as [[PGAL]], which is then converted into [[glucose]] and sometimes [[proteins]]). These are called ... - Leaf (20580 bytes)
39: ...ed when the tree responds to cold and reduced [[sunlight]] by curtailing chlorophyll production.
46: ... usually moves sap out, the latter containing the glucose produced by photosynthesis in the leaf.
107: ...tely from a single mid-vein and subdivide into veinlets. These, in turn, form a complicated network. T...
108: ...main vein (called the '''mid-vein'''), with '''veinlets''', smaller veins branching off laterally, usu... - Glucagon (2581 bytes)
15: ...the bloodstream. Both of these mechanisms lead to glucose release by the liver preventing the development o...
22: ...nd quickly raises blood glucose levels. It works only if there is glycogen stored in liver cells, and ... - Cell (29541 bytes)
27: ...' cells are structurally simple. They are found only in single-celled and [[Colony (biology)|colonial...
49: ...les contained in it. The term ''cytosol'' refers only to the fluid itself.
63: ...ne or more vital functions. Organelles are found only in eukaryotes and are, with a few exceptions, su...
69: ...ve their own genome. Chloroplasts and are found only in photosynthetic eukaryotes like plants and [[a...
193: *[[Flagellum]] (only in gametes) - Hydrogen (20221 bytes)
110: ...s the conversion of biomass derivatives such as [[glucose]] or [[sorbitol]], which can be done at low tempe...
113: ...omic gas, H<sub>2</sub>, with a boiling point of only 20.27 [[Kelvin|K]] and a melting point of 1...
144: ...[[quantum mechanics]] the electron is allowed to only be at very specific distances from the proton. M...
162: ... air. Deuterium oxide, or D<sub>2</sub>O, is commonly referred to as [[heavy water]]. Hydrogen also fo...
184: Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotope... - Chemical formula (5472 bytes)
9: and glucose with six [[carbon]] atoms, twelve [[hydrogen]] at...
12: ...d between the carbon atoms (and thus each carbon only had two hydrogens), the chemical formula may be ... - Ecology (24417 bytes)
45: ...ive to the volume of the Earth, the biosphere is only the very thin surface layer which extends from 1...
51: ...y source which drives the ecosystem. Some of this glucose is used directly by other organisms for energy. O...
53: ...s by which organisms (like [[mammal]]s) break the glucose back down into its constituents, [[water]] and [[...
78: * as ecosystems of inland waters, such as [[lentic ecosystem]]s (lakes, ...
117: ...find [[photosynthesis|photosynthetic]] [[algae]] only in the ''photic'' part of the ocean (where light... - Sea anemone (3337 bytes)
18: ...lgae in turn are assured a reliable exposure to sunlight, which the anemones actively maintain. The p... - Blood (11213 bytes)
6: ...on of blood is to supply nutrients ([[oxygen]], [[glucose]]) and constitutional elements to [[biological ti...
30: * various [[electrolyte]]s (mainly [[sodium]])
43: ...e oxygen is chemically combined with the [[Hb]]. Only 1.5% is physically dissolved.
58: ...e]] and [[blood test]]s are amongst the most commonly performed diagnostic investigations that directl...
66: ...tial wounds to be life-threatening, but more commonly results in [[hemarthrosis]], or bleeding into jo... - Rice (13724 bytes)
40: ...e rice]]. The white rice may then be buffed with glucose or talc powder (often called ''polished rice''), ...
58: ...hould always be soaked ahead of time anyway. Not only will the rice cook faster, but it will have a mu...
82: World trade figures are very different, as only about 5-6% of rice produced is traded internatio...
90: ...moky flavour from the fires. This rice is used mainly to make [[idli]]s. - Chitin (1079 bytes)
1: ...together in β-1,4 fashion, the same as the [[glucose]] units that make up [[cellulose]]. So chitin may... - Cellulose (2147 bytes)
3: ...ysaccharide]] [[carbohydrate]], of [[glucose|beta-glucose]]. It forms the primary structural component of [...
6: ...in 1838. It occurs naturally in almost pure form only in [[cotton]] fibre; in combination with [[ligni...
17: Cellulose [[monomer]]s (beta-glucose) are linked together through 1,4 [[glycosidic bon...
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