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- War (7002 bytes)
1: ...r|limitations on war]] below). War is contrasted with [[peace]], which is usually defined as the absen...
6: ...ishes over territory and resources. The earliest city states and empire in [[Mesopotamia]] became the ...
10: The study of warfare is known as [[military history]].
12: ==Morality of war==
14: ...immoral and no war should ever be fought. This position was forcefully defended by the Indian leader [... - Ancient Greece (23806 bytes)
2: ...en known as [[Ionia]]), [[Sicily]] and southern [[Italy]] (known as [[Magna Graecia|Great Greece]]), a...
4: ...ut historians use the term more precisely. Some writers include the periods of the [[Minoan civilizati...
6: ...xtend the term back to about [[1000 BC]]. The traditional date for the end of the Ancient Greek period...
8: ... continuum running until the advent of [[Christianity]] in the [[third century]] AD.
10: ...ics, educational systems, philosophy, art and architecture of the modern world, particularly during th... - Agesilaus II (5597 bytes)
1: ... him a willing tool for the furtherance of his political designs; in this hope, however, Lysander was ...
3: ... following spring. He then came to an agreement with the satrap Pharnabazus and once more turned sout...
4: ...s recalled to [[Greece]] owing to the war between Sparta and the combined forces of [[Athens]], [[Thebes, ...
5: troops and a Spartan army, he met the confederate forces
9: Shortly before this battle the Spartan [[navy]], of which he had - Agis II (2300 bytes)
1: ...uled with his [[Agiad]] co-monarch [[Pausanias of Sparta|Pausanius]].
3: ...], and as king was the chief leader of Spartan military
6: ...unaccountably concluded a four months' truce and withdrew his forces.
8: ... was ended in spring 404 by the surrender of the city.
10: ...eir [[perioeci]] (citizens of cities conquered by Sparta, who were given some privileges) and to allow - Alcibiades (7778 bytes)
2: ...0 BC]]-[[404 BC]]) was an Athenian general and politician.
9: ...[[Socrates]], he was able to admire, but not to imitate or practise.
10: On the contrary, his ostentatious vanity, his amours, his debaucheries and his impious re...
11: But great as were his vices, his abilities were even greater.
15: ...e is so beautiful, golden, divine, and wonderful within that everything he commands surely must be obe... - Alcman (1163 bytes)
3: ... Greek shows that he must have come very early to Sparta, where, after the close of the Messenian wars, th...
7: ...suousness seem out of place amidst Spartan simplicity. The fragments are scanty, the most considerable... - Amyntas III of Macedon (1278 bytes)
3: ...by the [[Illyria]]ns, but in the following year, with the aid of the [[Thessalia]]ns, he recovered his...
5: ...([[379 BC|379]]). He also entered into a league with [[Jason of Pherae]], and assiduously cultivated ... - Andocides (1237 bytes)
3: ...[391 BC]] he was one of the ambassadors sent to [[Sparta]] to discuss peace terms, but the negotiations fa...
5: ...n Mysteries]]; ''De Pace,'' advocating peace with Sparta; ''Contra [[Alcibiades|Alcibiadem]],'' generally ... - Antalcidas (1665 bytes)
1: '''Antalcidas''' was a [[Sparta]]n soldier and diplomat, the son of Leon.
3: ...or]] and supremacy over [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] cities there.
5: ...act his efforts. Tiribazus, who was favourable to Sparta, threw Conon into prison, but [[Artaxerxes II]] (...
9: #the whole of Asia Minor, with the islands of [[Clazomenae]] and [[Cyprus]], wa...
10: #all other Greek cities -- so far they were not under Persian rule -- ... - Pyrrhus of Epirus (7425 bytes)
7: ...the Greek cities in [[Magna Graecia]] or Southern Italy. The Tarentines begged Pyrrhus to intervene an...
11: ...on and his most powerful neighbor, and arrived in Italy in 280 BC.
13: He entered in Italy with forces of 3,000 [[cavalry]], 2,000 [[archery|arc...
15: ...[[Bruttians]], and [[Messapians]]) and the Greek cities of [[Croton]] and [[Locri]] joined Pyrrhus. He...
19: ...decided that Sicily offered him a greater opportunity, and transferred his army there. - Socrates (7975 bytes)
5: ...also showed his extraordinary hardiness, walking without shoes and a coat in winter.
7: ...earch, but gave up on it when he came to see that it was ''philosophy'' that was truly important for s...
9: ... question everything and everyone, and apparently it offended the leaders of this time. He was found g...
13: ...at reflect on his accomplishments through their writing.
21: ...ttributed to Socrates in Plato's and Xenophon's writings: - Artemis (11271 bytes)
7: ...oddess]] to complement her twin's identification with and supplantation of [[Helios]] as the [[sun god...
9: Her priestesses were addressed with the title [[Melissa]].
11: ...as passed to the person who was able to kill him with a bough, picked from a tree in the forest.
13: ...ron]] and the festival of [[Artemis Orthia]] in [[Sparta]].
15: ... were asked to lay all the accoutrements of virginity (toys, dolls, locks of their hair) on an altar t... - Ancient Olympic Games (9077 bytes)
8: ...ival after his defeat of the [[titan (mythology)|Titan]] [[Cronus]].
10: ...nour of the gods. The [[Sparta]]n adversary of Iphitos then decided to stop the war during these games...
12: ...ho switched the lynchpins from Oenomaus' chariot with pins made of beeswax: predictably the lynchpins ...
14: ...the games were held to be one of the two central rituals in Ancient Greece, the other being the [[Eleu...
18: ...pia, Greece, a sanctuary site for the [[List of deities|Greek gods]] near the towns of Elis and [[Pisa... - Zeus (17267 bytes)
6: ...entify Zeus/Jupiter with either Tyr or Odin, but with [[Thor]].
8: ...assical Zeus also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the [[ancient Near East]], ...
12: ===Role and Titles===
13: ... beliefs and the [[archetype|archetypal]] Greek deity.
15: ...sized different aspects of his wide-ranging authority: - Acropolis, Athens (7462 bytes)
1: ...ght.jpg|none|thumb|805px|The Acropolis of Athens lit up at night, seen from Phillopapus Hill]]
3: ...px|The Acropolis of Athens, seen from the north, with the restored [[Stoa of Attalus]] in the foregrou...
9: ...he city of [[Athens, Greece|Athens]], [[Greece]]. It was also known as '''Cecropia''' in honor of the ...
11: ...egan as an iron-age fort on top of the Acropolis. It was not until after the [[Persian Wars]] that the...
13: ... built with large blocks made of stones cemented with an earth mortar called ''[[emplekton]]''. The ma... - Athena Nike (1650 bytes)
1: ...g she would remain in Athens for success over the Spartans. - Peloponnesian War (15884 bytes)
1: ...with a 6-year [[truce]] in the middle, and ended with Athens' surrender in [[404 BC]].
5: ...nnesian League]], had long been the sole major military power in Greece.
7: ...rians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosperous Athenian empire would have been d...
11: ...ss the islands of the [[Aegean Sea]]; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these isla...
13: ...to go home to take care of the harvest. Moreover, Spartan slaves, known as [[helots]], needed to be kept u... - Greco-Persian Wars (5983 bytes)
3: ...f Asia Minor installed tyrants in most of Ionian cities and forced Greeks to pay taxes for the "King o...
5: ... the Ionian cities sacked, although they were permitted to have democratic governments afterwards.
7: ...ner)|Phidippides]] got the message for help to [[Sparta]] in record time, but in the end the Athenians an...
9: ...]], leaving Mardonius to winter over in Thessaly with the army.
11: ... Also in this year a Greek fleet commanded by the Spartan king [[Leotychides]] destroyed the remaining Per... - Mycenaean Greece (6175 bytes)
2: ...s]], and [[Tiryns]] are also important Mycenaean sites.
8: ...a form the Minoan script called [[Linear A]] to write their early form of [[Greek language|Greek]]. Th...
10: ...uried in a sitting position, and some of the nobility underwent [[mummy|mummification]].
12: ...le, the [[Dorians]], although the historical validity of this theory is now doubted.
49: .... There is material from Asine, Athens (wells), [[Sparta]] (Menelaion), [[Nichoria]] and the 'Atreus Bothr... - Aegean Sea (2751 bytes)
3: ...[Anatolia]] (Asia Minor, now part of [[Turkey]]). It is connected to the [[Marmara Sea]] and [[Black S...
5: ... were various explanations for the name "Aegean." It was said to have been named after the town of Aeg...
7: ...n several diverse civilizations of the Eastern Mediterranean.
9: ...]] to [[Rhodes]], dividing the Aegean from the Mediterranean. Many of the islands have safe harbours a...
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