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- Grapefruit (4275 bytes)
1: ...xobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Grapefruit}}
2: ...t of grapefruit]] | caption = A basket of grapefruit}}
10: {{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = ''[[Citrus]]''}}
13: ...ial botany | color = lightgreen | binomial_name =Citrus × paradisi | author = Macfad.}}
16: ...or its [[fruit]], which are also known as grapefruit. - Christopher Columbus (44177 bytes)
1: ...lom'' in [[Catalan]], ''Cristoforo Colombo'' in [[Italian]], ''Cristóbal Colón'' in [[Spanish]], ''C...
3: ...er it would be possible to get around the planet without running out of food or getting stuck in windl...
5: ... his claims. There are also many theories of expeditions to the Americas by a variety of peoples throu...
7: ...h America]]. He never reached the present-day [[United States]] where "Columbus Day" ([[12 October]], ...
9: ...ns, such as [[virus]]es, [[bacteria]], and [[parasite]]s, and beneficial to humans, such as [[tomato]]... - Apple (20408 bytes)
16: ...are of the species ''M. domestica'' or hybrids of it.
23: ...ts that affect domestic apples, and research with it to develop new disease-resistant apples is contin...
25: ...velop apples suitable for growing in climates unsuitable for ''M. domestica'', mainly for increased co...
27: ...[United States]] since the [[Immigration to the United States|arrival of Europeans]].
32: ...low [[pesticide]]s to penetrate the top of the fruit), and popular flavor. - Botany (8977 bytes)
1: ...]] of plant [[life]]. As a branch of [[biology]], it is also sometimes referred to as '''plant science...
4: [[Image:pomegranate-cut-in-half-with-seeds-photo.jpg|400px|thumb]]
6: [[Image:Dandelion-with-dew.jpg|400px|thumb]]
9: ...ch of these levels a botanist might be concerned with the classification ([[taxonomy]]), structure ([[...
11: ...ttention is still given to them by botanists; and bacteria, fungi, and algae are usually covered, somewhat s... - Lymphatic system (6229 bytes)
1: ...e]]s and is part of the body's [[immune system]]. It also transports [[fat]]s from the [[small intesti...
3: ==Composition of lymph==
4: ...lmost the same composition as the original interstitial fluid.
14: ...secondary lymphoid organs, where they await recognition of [[antigen]]s.
17: ...es. In the lymph nodes, the macrophages and dendritic cells [[phagocytosis|phagocytose]] the antigens... - Gastrointestinal tract (16596 bytes)
2: ...ar animals]] which takes in [[food]], [[digest]]s it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the r...
13: *[[Mouth]] (buccal cavity; includes [[salivary glands]], [[mucosa]], [[too...
21: ...ith the [[ilium]], or hipbone). The ileum joins with the cecum at the [[ileocecal junction]]
24: ***'''[[colon (anatomy)|colon]]''' with :
39: ...n protein, by the enzymes present in the stomach. It then passes to the [[small intestine]] where furt... - Digestion (4206 bytes)
1: ...gestion''' is the process whereby a biological entity processes a substance, in order to [[chemistry|c...
9: ...mes with [[digestive fluid]] to further decompose it chemically. As the [[pH|acidic level]] changes in...
11: ...these bile pigments are eliminated from the body with the feces). Most nutrient absorption takes place...
15: ...[[herbivore]] may have a [[caecum]] that contains bacteria which can produce cellulase that helps break down...
20: ...y food arriving in stomach. The secretion is inhibited by low [[pH]] . - Immune system (14564 bytes)
1: ... have organs dedicated to the maintenance of immunity, such as the [[thymus]].
3: ...into the two sections of innate and adaptive immunity, the former encompassing unchanging mechanisms t...
6: ...mmal]]s) have immune systems of increasing complexity.
8: ...iology)|viruses]], [[bacterium|bacteria]], [[parasite]]s), some [[poison]]s, as well as suppressing [[...
11: ...nodeficiency]] and [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmunity]]) arise from failures of discriminatory systems... - Colon (anatomy) (1808 bytes)
3: ...extract [[water]] from [[feces]]. In [[mammal]]s, it consists of the [[ascending colon]] on the right ...
10: *[[diverticulitis]]
12: *[[colitis]]
14: *[[pseudomembranous colitis]]
15: *[[ulcerative colitis]] and [[toxic megacolon]] - Pulmonary alveolus (8193 bytes)
1: ...es and are the primary sites of [[gas exchange]] with the [[blood]]. The alveoli are found in the resp...
6: The alveoli consist of an epithelial layer and extracellular matrix surrounded b...
16: ...lation to the water solubility of the gas the ability of the gas to bind to hemoglobin. [[Water vapor...
18: ...leaves the alveolar capillaries are 'perfusion limited'.
20: ... and [[sneezing]] to dislodge mucus contaminated with dust particles or micro-organisms. - Eye (21834 bytes)
1: ..."images" ([[monocular vision]]), such as in [[rabbit]]s and [[chameleon]]s.
9: ...he light that enters the eye. Although they are quite similar in function and appearance once fully de...
11: ...egree field of vision. Compound eyes are very sensitive to motion.
13: ...lenses in such an eye varies, however: some trilobites had only one, and some had thousands of lenses ...
15: ...see' in the common sense. They do have [[photosensitive]] cells, but no lens and no other means of pro... - Lung (7057 bytes)
2: ... Its function is to exchange [[oxygen]] from air with [[carbon dioxide]] from [[blood]]. The process i...
7: In addition to respiratory functions such as [[gas exchang...
13: ...ria. Many respiratory illnesses are the result of bacterial or viral infection of the lungs.
15: ...avity in which the lung is enclosed. The rib cage itself is also able to expand and contract to some d...
17: ... air [[diffusion|diffuses]] into the blood, where it is carried by [[hemoglobin]]. - Stomach (5970 bytes)
6: ...ained by the secretion of [[hydrochloric acid]]) with [[peptidase]] digestive [[enzyme]]s.
8: ...f the stomach's chambers in sequence, being regurgitated and rechewed at least once in the process.
16: ...]]). It is on the left side of the [[abdominal cavity]], the ''fundus'' of the stomach lying against t...
18: It is divided into five sections, each of which have...
23: ...], the [[lamina propria]] underneath, and a thin bit of [[smooth muscle]] called the ''muscularis muco... - Tooth (14790 bytes)
9: ...[[tooth enamel|enamel]], that helps to prevent cavities on the teeth.
11: ...lopment in a species is called the species' [[dentition]]. [[Dentistry|Dentists]] sometimes refer to ...
29: ...d since meat is easy to digest, they can swallow without the need for molars to chew the food well.
35: ... This stage is known as [[teething]] and can be quite painful for an infant. Human children have 20 mi...
42: ...mplete prevention of decay may require treatment with [[dental sealants]]. - Ploidy (4598 bytes)
1: ...loid number''' (x). The ploidy of cells can vary within an organism. In humans, most cells are diploi...
3: ...id number''' is the normal number of chromosomes within a cell for a species, for example the euploid ...
8: ... term '''monoploid''' can be used interchangably with haploid.
10: ... a haploid and a diploid or [[polyploid]] state, with one of the stages emphasized over the other. Thi...
16: ...e sperm provides a second set of chromosomes when it fertilizes the egg. - Chromosome (12667 bytes)
2: ...okaryote]]s do not possess histones or nuclei. In its relaxed state, the DNA can be accessed for [[tra...
5: ...nucleus. Each chromosome has one [[centromere]], with one or two arms projecting from the centromere. ...
7: ==Chromosomes in bacteria==
8: ...rally taken into account. Bacterial chromosomes initiate replication and one origin of replication.
13: ...romatin]], which consists of mostly inactive DNA. It seems to serve structural purposes during the chr... - Bee (11175 bytes)
8: {{Taxobox_subordo_entry | taxon = [[Apocrita]]}}
20: [[Melittidae]]<br />
23: [[Stenotritidae]]
29: ...is carried from flower to flower, but the bulk of it is carried back to the nest to feed brood. The ap...
31: ...g the [[honeybee]]s and [[stingless bee]]s. Sociality is believed to have evolved separately in differ... - Science (19868 bytes)
6: ...ical results that can be checked and [[Falsifiability|possibly contradicted]].
10: ...inding a certain type of dinosaur" is consistent with the empiricist's use of prediction. On the other...
12: ...geably. Both have been subjected to devastating criticisms:
14: ...language, so the very notion of testing theories with [[facts]] is problematic.
15: ...assumptions, rules, practices, etc. and that transitions from one paradigm to another generally does n... - Legume (2428 bytes)
4: ...r to either the plant itself, or to the edible fruit (or useful part). Thus, "legume" can be:
7: ...[[fruit]], characteristic of legumous plants. To wit:
8: ...gume, that is, one that does not spontaneously split open along a seam.
10: ...]] to replenish soil that has been depleted of [[nitrogen]].
12: ...additional nitrogen that legumes receive through nitrogen-fixation symbiosis. This high protein conten... - Earth (30908 bytes)
4: ...nce in here. It's been done to death. Find a gem with which to improve the article and you'll shine fo...
7: ...d its single [[natural satellite]], the [[Moon]]. Its dominant [[Sentience|sentient species]] is the [...
9: Its symbol consists of a circled cross, representing...
14: ...sea level). Thus the Earth is an oblate spheroid within a [[tolerance (engineering)|tolerance]] of one...
17: ...osphere|magnetic field]] due to the convection of its electrically conductive material.
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