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- Dye (6033 bytes)
15: ...ing point]], with the addition of either [[sodium chloride]] (NaCl) or [[sodium sulphate]] (Na<sub>2</sub>SO...
35: These include [[eosin]] and [[iron buff]]. - Desert (21206 bytes)
8: ... mineral deposits that were formed in the arid environment or that were exposed by erosion. Because dese...
22: ... cooling, or at least a moderating, effect in environments where it is plentiful. In some parts of the ...
24: ...erts. Former desert areas presently in nonarid environments are paleodeserts, and extraterrestrial deser...
85: ... types of plants have adapted well to the arid environment. They include the [[pea]] family and [[sunflo...
100: ... salts (including [[sodium nitrate]] and [[sodium chloride]]), and [[borate]]s. The minerals formed in these... - Cadmium (10755 bytes)
182: ...ome cadmium compounds are employed in [[Polyvinyl chloride | PVC]] as stabilizers.
194: ...ources, mainly from dust generated by recycling [[iron]] and [[steel]] scrap. Production in the [[Unite... - Calcium (9166 bytes)
115: ...izer, desulfurizer, or decarburizer for various [[Iron|ferrous]] and nonferrous [[alloy]]s.
122: ..., [[calcium sulfide|sulfide]], [[calcium chloride|chloride]], [[calcium carbide|carbide]], [[calcium cyanami... - Cerium (12377 bytes)
172: ...t is used in some rare-earth alloys. It resembles iron in color and luster, but is soft, and both mallea...
180: ...salts are orange red or yellowish, whereas cerium(III) salts are usually white.
187: ...s opposes graphitization and produces a malleable iron.
203: ...I) and cerium(IV) compounds such as [[cerium(III) chloride]] have uses as [[catalyst]]s in [[organic synthes...
218: ...lfate, Ce(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>) and cerium(III) triflate (Ce(OSO<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>... - Chlorine (10751 bytes)
44: ...lt]]-forming halogen series and is extracted from chlorides through [[oxidation]] and more commonly, by [[el...
55: ...ction of chlorates, [[chloroform]], [[carbon tetrachloride]], and in the [[bromine]] extraction.
61: ... is chloride ions. Even higher concentrations of chloride are dissolved in the [[Dead Sea]] and in undergro...
63: ...e]]), and ''[[carnallite]]'' (potassium magnesium chloride hexahydrate).
65: ...sually produced by the [[electrolysis]] of sodium chloride dissolved in water. Along with chlorine, this [[... - Copper (13595 bytes)
155: ... ''Limulus polyphemus'' uses copper rather than [[iron]] for oxygen transport.
183: ... compounds : [[Copper(I) chloride]], [[copper(II) chloride]], [[copper(II) sulfide]]. - Gadolinium (9860 bytes)
170: ...ium improving the workability and resistance of [[iron]], [[chromium]] and related [[alloy]]s to high te...
175: ...ile Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] separated [[gadolinium(III)_oxide|gadolinia]], the [[oxide]] of Gadolinium, ...
189: ** [[gadolinium(III) fluoride|GdF<sub>3</sub>]]
190: * [[Chloride]]s
191: ** [[gadolinium(III) chloride|GdCl<sub>3</sub>]] - Gold (24329 bytes)
158: ... gold. Adding [[copper]] yields a redder metal, [[iron]] green, [[aluminium]] purple, [[platinum]] metal...
162: ...ude +1 (gold(I) or aurous compounds) and +3 (gold(III) or auric compounds). Gold ions in solution are r...
174: *[[Gold(III) chloride]] is used as a [[catalyst]] in [[organic chemistr...
241: Auric chloride (Au[[chlorine|Cl]]<sub>3</sub>) and chlorauric a...
243: ...noble metal]] it can form many compounds ([[auric chloride]] and [[chloroauric acid]] are the most common). ... - Hafnium (9162 bytes)
171: *and in [[iron]], [[titanium]], [[niobium]], [[tantalum]], and o...
182: ...ment. This is done through reducing [[hafnium(IV) chloride]] with [[magnesium]] or [[sodium]] in the [[Kroll...
192: ...vironmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Hf.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Hafnium] - Holmium (7766 bytes)
135: ... magnetic moment is suitable for use in yttrium-[[iron]]-[[garnet]] (YIG) and yttrium-[[lanthanum]]-[[fl...
147: ...ated through the [[reduction]] of its anhydrous [[chloride]] or [[fluoride]] with metallic [[calcium]]. Its ...
159: ...vironmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ho.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Holmium] (also used as... - Lanthanum (10184 bytes)
112: ...[[iron]] helps to produce nodular [[pig iron|cast iron]].
131: ...ure. Some rare-earth chlorides, such as lanthanum chloride (LaCl<sub>3</sub>), are known to have [[anticoagu...
149: ...vironmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/La.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Lanthanum] - Lithium (11359 bytes)
142: * [[Lithium chloride]] and [[lithium bromide]] are extremely [[hygrosc...
155: ...s of molten [[lithium chloride]] and [[potassium chloride]].
165: ...] from a mixture of fused lithium and [[potassium chloride]]. This metal cost about [[US dollar|US$]] 300 p...
170: ...xchange]] (Li substitutes for [[magnesium]] and [[iron]] in octahedral sites in [[clay]] minerals, where...
184: ...vironmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Li.html EnvironmentalChemistry.com – Lithium] - Magnesium (9193 bytes)
7: ...is metal is to aid the removal of [[sulfur]] from iron and steel.
14: ...ts and used in producing nodular graphite in cast iron.
16: ...in [[milk of magnesia]], its [[magnesium chloride|chloride]] and [[magnesium sulfate|sulfate]] in [[Epsom sa...
30: ...obtained by [[electrolysis]] of fused [[magnesium chloride]] from [[brine]]s, wells, and [[sea water]]. Alth... - Aluminium (26079 bytes)
55: ...luminium exceeds that of any other metal except [[iron]], and it is important in virtually all segments ...
86: ...alum]]) in [[1827]] by mixing anhydrous aluminium chloride with potassium. However, the metal had been produ...
95: ...aluable than [[gold]] (It is said that [[Napoleon III of France]] had a set of aluminium plates reserve...
101: ...uxite]], which is red since it contains 30 to 40% iron oxide. This is done using the so-called [[Bayer p...
103: ...ich involved the reduction of [[anhydrous alumium chloride]] with [[potassium]]. - Manganese (14965 bytes)
5: ...r">[[chromium]] – '''manganese''' – [[iron]]</td>
94: ...td><sup>54</sup>[[chromium|Cr]]<br><sup>54</sup>[[iron|Fe]]</td></tr>
106: Manganese is a gray-white [[metal]], resembling iron. It is a hard metal and is very brittle, fusible ...
112: ...] (removing the greenish tinge that presence of [[iron]] produces) and, in higher concentration, make vi...
119: ...els derives from the inadvertent production of an iron-manganese alloy. - Mercury (element) (24761 bytes)
182: ...[gold]], [[aluminium]], and [[silver]], but not [[iron]]. [[Tellurium]] forms an alloy also, but it reac...
218: .../vaccine/thimerosal.htm FDA report]). Mercury(II) chloride was a disinfectant for doctors, patients and inst...
228: *[[Mercury(I) chloride]] (AKA [[calomel]] and is sometimes still used in...
229: *[[Mercury(II) chloride]] (which is very [[corrosion|corrosive]], [[subli...
241: == Occurrence in the environment == - Neodymium (12345 bytes)
112: ... also used to remove the green colour caused by [[iron]] contaminants from glass.
131: ** [[neodymium (III) fluoride|NdF<sub>3</sub>]]
132: * Chlorides
133: ** [[neodymium (II) chloride|NdCl<sub>2</sub>]]
134: ** [[neodymium(III) chloride|NdCl<sub>3</sub>]] - Niobium (10560 bytes)
179: ...] niobium are used in nickel-, [[cobalt]]-, and [[iron]]-base superalloys for such applications as [[jet...
185: ...repare the metal. He did this by reducing niobium chloride by heating it in a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere.
190: ... in the minerals [[Ferrocolumbite|columbite]] (([[iron|Fe]],[[manganese|Mn]])(Nb,[[tantalum|Ta]])<sub>2<... - Palladium (9737 bytes)
172: ...loroplatinate]] through treatment with [[ammonium chloride]], [[nitrogen|N]][[hydrogen|H]]<sub>4</sub>[[chlo...
174: The compound [[palladium chloride]] was at one time prescribed as a [[tuberculosis]...
190: ...ggest that the coalescence and differentiation of iron-cored small planets may have occurred 10 million ...
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