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- Eudocia Macrembolitissa (2682 bytes)
3: ...younger brother, while Eudocia ran the administration of the empire.
5: ...erceiving that she was not able to avert the invasions which threatened the eastern frontier of the em...
7: ...o pass, and Eudocia died sometime after the accession of [[Alexius I Comnenus]] in [[1081]].
11: ==Bibliography==
13: ...e Empresses: Woman and Power in Byzantium, AD 527-1204''. Routledge, 1999. - Melisende of Jerusalem (16880 bytes)
5: ...li|countess of Tripoli]]; and [[Ioveta of Bethany|Ioveta]], abbess of St. Lazarus in [[Bethany (Israel...
9: ...lisendem, Deo amabilem reginam, cui jure hereditario competebat." Melisende was no mere regent-queen (...
11: ...er nobles and Christian clergy in ceremonial occasions. Increasingly she was associated with her fathe...
13: ...e Melisende sole queen and to strengthen her position, he designated Melisende as guardian for the you...
15: ...the members of the ''Haute Cour'', whose own positions would be eroded if Fulk continued to dominate t... - Eleanor of Aquitaine (11927 bytes)
3: ..., [[France]], c. [[1124]] – [[March 31]], [[1204]] in [[Fontevrault]], [[Anjou]]) was one of the w...
5: == Biography ==
10: ...d not be merged with France until the next generation. She also gave him a wedding present that is st...
12: ...[[Second Crusade]] from V麥lay, the rumored location of [[Mary Magdalene]]'s burial, dramatically emp...
14: ...aughtered as many as 7000 Crusaders. As this decision was made by Eleanor's servant, it was generally ... - Greece (54754 bytes)
1: ...as the cradle of [[Western world|Western civilization]] and the birthplace of [[democracy]], Greece ha...
8: | align=center width=130 | ([[Flag of Greece|National Flag]]) || align=center width=130px |
11: | colspan=2 align=center | <small>''National [[motto]]:'' ΕΛΕΥΘ	...
13: ...colspan=2 style="background:#fff;" | [[image:LocationGreece.png]]
27: ...ensity|Density]] || [[List of countries by population|Ranked 70th]]<br/>10,665,989<br/>82/km² - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...f several military campaigns — usually sanctioned by the [[Papacy]]— that took place durin...
4: ...have multiple meanings and connotations. For additional meanings see [[Crusade#Usage of the term "crus...
7: ...ained warriors always sought an outlet for their violence. A plea for help from the Byzantine Emperor ...
9: [[Image:crusades.jpg|thumb|250px|Illustration provided by [http://classroomclipart.com Classro...
11: ...pular support for the First Crusade, and the religious vitality of the 12th century. - Byzantine Empire (29975 bytes)
24: | The [[Lombard]] invasion results in the loss of most of Italy.
37: | [[1204]]
46: ...e process of [[Hellenization]] and [[Christianization]] was well underway.
51: ...eir eastern neighbours as true Romans. The [[Donation of Constantine]], one of the most famous [[forge...
53: ...g manner since he ascribed his changes to ''historiography'' and not ''history'' itself. - Castle (27805 bytes)
1: ...s]], usually of the [[Middle Ages]], though traditionally in Britain it has also referred to [[Prehist...
2: ...rom the late 15th century, their "castle" designations, relics of the [[feudalism|feudal]] age, often ...
10: ... First and foremost castles were places of protection from an invading enemy, a place of retreat. This...
14: ...easons: territorial expansion and control of a region. A castle was a stronghold from which a lord or ...
15: ...what he liked without fear, relying on the protection of the castle, while others, if they tried anyth... - Roman Empire (59037 bytes)
3: ...acy of Augustus, the pre-Augustan state is conventionally described as the [[Roman Republic]], since t...
5: ... Empire]]. The end of the Western Empire is traditionally set in [[476]], when [[Odovacar]] deposed th...
7: ... by historians to distinguish various semantic periods or eras. Such names include [[Byzantine Empire]...
9: ...orical forms continued until the [[Byzantine]] period, more than one thousand years after they were cr...
11: ...or states and other entities with imperial pretensions, including the [[Frankish]] kingdom, the [[Holy... - Venice (22017 bytes)
2: ...s the capital of the region of [[Veneto]], population 271,663 (census estimate 2004-01-01). The city s...
6: ...]], [[Pisa]], and [[Amalfi]]). Its strategic position at head of the Adriatic made Venetian naval and ...
8: ...laid: the [[Venetian Arsenal]] was under construction in 1104; Venice wrested control of the [[Brenner...
10: ...a]] and Duke of [[Istria]]. Later mainland possessions, which extended across [[Lake Garda]] as far we...
12: ...nice, including the [[Mark the Evangelist|Winged Lion of St. Mark]], symbol of Venice. Only Venetian s... - Seljuk Turks (7657 bytes)
1: ...north into [[Persia]], fighting and conquering various tribes on their way to [[Transoxiana]].
5: ...ird son [[Ahmed Sanjar]], unsatisfied by his portion of the inheritance, took over the empire. His br...
7: ...rom regaining their former empire. For a brief period, [[Toghrül III|Toğrül III]], was...
30: [[Kerman province|Kerman]] was a nation in southern Persia. It fell in 1187, probably co...
73: ...Rüm|Süleyman II]] (Suleiman) [[1196]]-[[1204]] - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
3: ... the city's [[patron]] [[goddess]], for the salvation of [[Athens]] and [[Greece]] in the [[Persian Wa...
5: ...arthenon was used as a treasury, and was the location of the treasury of the [[Delian League]], which ...
7: ==Design and construction==
9: ...y completed by [[438 BC]], but work on the decorations continued until at least [[433 BC]]. Some of th...
11: ...Norwich|John Julius Norwich]], "enjoys the reputation of being the most perfect [[Doric temple]] ever ... - Ferdinand Magellan (19348 bytes)
2: ...d an expedition for the purpose of [[circumnavigation|circumnavigating]] the [[globe]]. Though Magella...
5: ...Mesquita, Magellan had two siblings: his brother Diogo de Sousa, named after his grandmother, and his ...
7: ...n Francisco Serrano, Magellan continued his education, becoming interested in [[geography]] and [[astr...
11: ...after secretly sailing a ship east without permission, he lost his command and was forced to return to...
13: ...g Manuel I]], who refused to raise Magellan's pension. - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
30: *[[Giorgio Agamben]]
81: *[[Antiochus of Ascalon]], (c. 130-68 BC){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{...
97: *[[Ariston of Chios]], (fl. 250 BC){{fn|R}}
131: *[[Alain Badiou]], (born 1937)
170: *[[Vissarion Belinsky]], (1811-1848){{fn|R}} - Hagia Sophia (7132 bytes)
3: The '''Church of the Holy Wisdom''', variously known as '''Hagia Sophia''' (Άγ_...
5: == Construction ==
7: ...te during the 4th century. Following the destruction of the first church, a second was built by [[Con...
8: ...e building was rebuilt under the personal supervision of emperor [[Justinian I]] and rededicated on De...
10: ...t poetic ''ekphrasis'', probably for the rededication of [[563]], which followed the collapse of the m... - Byzantine art (10470 bytes)
1: ...]. (The Roman Empire during this period is conventionally known as the [[Byzantine Empire]].)
3: ...]]. In some respects the Byzantine artistic tradition has continued in [[Greece]], [[Russia]] and othe...
5: ==Introduction==
7: ...n, the purpose of Byzantine art was the glorification of [[God]], and particularly of his son, [[Jesus...
9: ... and the nude was banished from its dominant position in art. - Constantinople (4125 bytes)
1: ...of [[Byzantium]] ([[Greek language|Greek]]: Byzantion or ''Βυζάντι&...
3: ...argest and richest urban center in Europe, a position it would hold for nearly a thousand years. As t...
5: ...f the old Roman Empire against the barbarian invasions of the 5th century. The 60 foot tall walls bui...
7: ...aptured and sacked by the [[Fourth Crusade]] in [[1204]] (April 12), and then re-captured by [[Nicaean E...
23: ...bul.html Info on the name change] from the Foundation for the Advancement of Sephardic Studies and Cul... - Praseodymium (9138 bytes)
10: <div align="right"><small>[[Periodic table (standard)|Full table]]</small></div>
21: ...p|Group]], [[periodic table period|Period]], [[periodic table block|Block]]
22: | [[group _ element|_ ]], [[period 6 element|6]], [[f-block|f]]
44: | [[Electron configuration]]
50: | [[Oxidation state]]s ([[Oxide]]) - List of Byzantine Emperors (11779 bytes)
3: ... as late as [[Heraclius]] (who replaced the traditional Roman imperial title of "Augustus" with "Basil...
51: ...ndash; tax-collector; proclaimed emperor by rebellious troops
92: *[[Michael VI]] Stratioticus (ruled [[1056]] - [[1057]]) – chosen b...
98: *[[Romanus IV]] Diogenes (1032-1072, co-emperor [[1067]] - [[1071]]) ...
107: *[[Isaac II Angelus]] (1156-1204, ruled [[1185]] - [[1195]]) – great-grandso... - Song Dynasty (16385 bytes)
3: ...orth and south and of rapidly changing administrations.
4: ...ongol ethnic group.png||350px|left|thumb|illustration representing a person of Mongol ethnic group du...
5: ...ynasty itself can be divided into two distinct periods: the Northern Song and Southern Song. The '''No...
7: ...trol of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court. The Mongol [[Yuan...
12: ...ace bureaucracy than had been achieved in the previous dynasties.
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