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- List of explorers (24013 bytes)
1: ...specially replacing the [[Ford Excursion]]). For the science fiction book, see [[Expedition (book)]].'...
6: ...a]] ([[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
7: ...r]] ([[15th century]] [[Portuguese]] explorer of the [[African]] coast)
12: ...rge Álvares]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]], the first to reach [[China]])
17: ..., first at the [[South Pole]], first to navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in a single ship - Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
8: ...usin, [[George I of Great Britain|George I]], of the [[House of Hanover]].
10: ...e used to ensure that Scotland would co-operate. The [[Act of Union 1707]] (which united England and S...
12: ...gh]], who led the English armies in the [[War of the Spanish Succession]].
15: ...advisors. Jennings later married John Churchill (the future Duke of Marlborough), who would later beco...
17: ...ce to [[Anglicanism]]; James II continued to send her Catholic books and essays, but made no serious a... - Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
8: ...er reign. She did, however, govern the realm when her husband was abroad fighting wars.
11: ...gh her parents bore eight children, only Mary and her younger sister [[Anne of Great Britain|Anne]] su...
13: ...ied again in [[1673]], taking as his second wife the Catholic [[Mary of Modena]], also known as Mary B...
15: ...ould improve his popularity amongst Protestants. The first cousins Mary and William married in London ...
17: ...ple, but her husband neglected or even mistreated her. William long maintained an affair with [[Elizab... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...8th century]]. Nevertheless, the basic themes of the revolution are readily recognised.
3: ...elian]]; at its end, science was [[mathematics|mathematical]], [[mechanics|mechanical]], and [[empiric...
5: == Existence of the revolution ==
7: ...ch debates may arise from lack of recognition of these fundamental differences.
9: ...her narratives" or alternate ways of knowing, or the like. - Comet (30542 bytes)
3: ...y [[ellipse|elliptical]] orbits, the [[aphelion|aphelia]] of which may be many times more distant than...
5: ...process, but very old comets which have lost all their [[volatile]] materials may come to resemble ast...
9: ...across, the coma may be larger than the Sun, and the tails can extend over 150 million km (1 [[Astrono...
11: ... Comet on the [[Bayeux Tapestry]], which records the [[Norman conquest]] of [[England]] in [[1066]].{{...
13: ...400px|Comets have highly elliptical orbits. Note the two distinct tails.]] - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: ...na]] and their pre-cursors back in [[time]], all the way into human [[prehistory]].
4: ...natural philosophy]] clearly within the scope of the history of science.
6: ...ce, each of these fields is heavily used by the others as an external [[tool]].
8: ==Theories and sociology of the history of science==
9: {{seemain|Theories and sociology of the history of science}} - Robert Hooke (5017 bytes)
2: ...venteenth century]], played an important role in the [[scientific revolution]].
4: ...ls reminded him of [[monk]]s' cells. Also in 1665 he gained appointment as Professor of [[Geometry]] a...
6: ...esigning the [[Royal Greenwich Observatory]] and the infamous [[Bethlem Royal Hospital]] (which became...
8: ... head that some have argued portrays Hooke. Both these claims remain in dispute, however.
12: ...ustment of the period of ticks. Modern spring watches still use balance springs, and derivative design... - Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...th discovered calculus nearly contemporaneously, their work was not a collaboration.
4: ...d by the prism as [[Roger Bacon]] had claimed in the [[13th century]].
6: ...he speed of sound in air, and voiced a theory of the origin of [[star]]s.
12: :''The following is a brief biography of Newton's early ...
14: ...sband, leaving her son in the care of his grandmother. - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
1: ...|The Parthenon seen from the hill of the Pnyx to the west]]
3: ...αρθένος'' (parthenos), a virgin.
5: ...the [[Delian League]], which later became the [[Athenian Empire]].
8: ...jpg|thumb|right|300px|The western face of the Parthenon remains relatively intact.]]
9: ...d from the Panhellenic sanctuary at [[Delos]] to the Acropolis In [[454 BC]]. - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ... [[Royal Society]]. In [[1775]], Franklin became the first [[United States Postmaster General]].
4: ...[[lightning rod]], [[swimfin]]s, improvements to the [[glass harmonica]], and possibly [[bifocals]].
9: ...[[1667]], to Peter Folger, a miller and schoolteacher, and his wife [[Mary Morrill]].
11: ...f whom being half-siblings of Benjamin Franklin. They included: Elizabeth ([[March 2]] [[1678]]), Samu...
13: ..., [[1688]]), and Joseph ([[June 30]], [[1689]]) (the first Joseph having died soon after birth). - March 19 (9902 bytes)
1: ...[[Gregorian calendar]] (79th in [[leap year]]s). There are 287 days remaining.
6: ...gol]]ian victory in the [[Battle of Yamen]] ends the [[Song Dynasty]] in [[China]].
7: ...velier de La Salle]], searching for the mouth of the [[Mississippi River]], is murdered by his own men...
8: ...he [[City Bank of New York]] becomes the site of the first [[bank robbery]] in [[United States history...
9: *[[1861]] - The [[First Taranaki War]] ends in [[New Zealand]]. - March 22 (9294 bytes)
1: ...[Gregorian Calendar]] (82nd in [[Leap year]]s). There are 284 days remaining.
6: ...lony]] sign a peace treaty with [[Massasoit]] of the [[Wampanoag]]s.
7: ...tlers around [[Jamestown, Virginia]], a third of the colony's population.
8: *[[1630]] - [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] outlaws the possession of cards, [[dice]], and gaming tables.
10: ... the first direct tax levied from [[England]] on the American colonies. - Astronomer (4344 bytes)
4: ...pt]]ians also had an emphasis on observations of the sky.
6: ...portant to recognize that before about [[1750]], there was no distinction between [[astronomy]] and [[...
8: ...ly, astronomers use [[telescope|telescopes]] or other imaging equipment to make such observations.
18: ...xplain the puzzles of astronomy without refuting the commonly believed geocentric model of universe an...
21: ...irst known person to propound the [[Heliocentrism|heliocentric model]] of universe - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
38: *[[Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander]] ([[Germany]], [[1799]] &nda...
41: *[[Svante Arrhenius]] ([[Sweden]], [[1859]] – [[1927]])
42: *[[Arzachel (Al-Zarqali)]] (Muslim Spain, [[1028]] – [...
68: *[[Wilhelm Beer]] ([[Germany]], [[1797]] – [[1850]])
71: *[[Friedrich Bessel|Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel]] ([[Germany]], [[1784]] – [[1846]... - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
1: ...opher]]s''' ''(and non-philosophers important in the history of philosophy)'', '''listed alphabeticall...
13: *[[Johann Heinrich Abicht]], (1762-1816)
21: *[[Robert Adams (philosopher)|Robert Adams]], (born 1937){{fn|O}}
25: *[[Theodor Adorno]], (1903-1969){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
32: *[[Agrippa the Sceptic]], (1st/2nd century){{fn|R}} - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
11: ...n Empire]]<br/><small>''The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power''</small>
14: | ''El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious'' (as written in tugra)
23: | [[Sultan]]s of the [[Osmanli|Osmanli Dynasty]]
31: | '''[[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Establishment]]'''
34: | '''[[Fall of the Ottoman Empire|Dissolution]]''' - Ur (11926 bytes)
1: ...|46|5|E|}}, and named Tell el-Mukayyar [1], near the city of [[Nasiriyah]] south of [[Baghdad]].
3: ...ed together with [[bitumen]], in the upper stage they are joined with [[Mortar (masonry)|mortar]].
5: ...ross the Royal tombs, with the Great Ziggurat in the background, January 17, 2004]]
9: ...by this time was considered sacred to [[Nanna]], the [[moon]] [[god]] in [[Sumerian mythology]].
11: ...[first dynasty of Ur]], which was established by the king [[Mesannepada]] (or Mesanepada, Mes-Anni-Pad... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
1: {{Elementbox_header | number=14 | symbol=Si | name=silicon | left...
7: {{Elementbox_epershell | 2, 8, 4 }}
12: {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1687 | c=1414 | f=2577 }}
14: {{Elementbox_heatfusion_kjpmol | 50.21 }}
15: {{Elementbox_heatvaporiz_kjpmol | 359 }} - Physics (25628 bytes)
2: ...s made ([[particle physics]]) to the behavior of the material [[Universe]] as a whole ([[cosmology]]).
4: ...reas of physics such as [[quantum mechanics]], [[thermodynamics]], and [[electromagnetism]].
6: ...eveloping the mathematical structure of physical theories.
10: === Theoretical and experimental physics ===
12: ...al physics]] or [[experimental physics]], and in the twentieth century, very few physicists have been ...
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