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- Elizabeth I of England (34338 bytes)
7: ...d her half-sister, [[Mary I of England|Mary I]]. She reigned during a period of great religious turmoi...
9: ...uding [[Trinity College, Dublin]] ([[1592]]) and the [[British East India Company]] ([[1600]]).
11: ...during Elizabeth's reign. Elizabeth also reduced the number of [[Privy Council|Privy Counsellors]] fro...
13: ... [[United States]], was named after Elizabeth I, the "Virgin Queen".
16: ...ter [[Edward VI of England|Prince Edward]] under the [[English Act of Succession|Act of Succession 154... - List of painters (54090 bytes)
1: The following list is an incomplete '''list of painte...
10: *[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]], ([[1475]]-[[1564]]), Italian...
16: *[[Rembrandt]], ([[1606]]-[[1669]]), [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[painter]]
22: *[[Hans von Aachen]] ([[1552]]-[[1615]])
27: *[[Andreas Achenbach]] ([[1815]]-[[1910]]) - Galileo Galilei (33761 bytes)
2: ...ic Church]] is taken as a major early example of the conflict of authority and [[freedom of thought]],...
5: ...Italy]], as the son of [[Vincenzo Galilei]], a mathematician and musician.
7: ...nd [[astronomy]] until [[1610]]. During this time he explored science and made many landmark discoveri...
10: ...primary justifications for his description as "father of science."
12: ...o Koyré¬ the law was arrived at deductively, and the experiments were merely illustrative thought expe... - Johannes Kepler (17038 bytes)
2: ...", although [[Carl Sagan]] also refers to him as the last scientific [[astrologer]].
4: ...his career, Kepler was an assistant to [[Tycho Brahe]]. Kepler's career also coincided with that of [[...
6: ...i''' ("The Harmony of the world") in Linz during the early 17th century.
9: ...eak and sickly child, but despite his ill health, he was precociously brilliant.
11: ...r. This ostracizing probably led him to turn to the world of ideas, as well as an abiding religious c... - Francis Bacon (16741 bytes)
2: ...esman]], [[spy]], [[freemason]] and [[essayist]]. He was knighted in [[1603]], created '''Baron Verula...
4: ...d with occult trends of [[hermeticism]] and [[alchemy]].
8: ...ose sister married William Cecil, Lord Burghley, the great minister of Queen Elizabeth.
10: ..., living for three years there with his older brother [[Anthony Bacon]].
12: ...cious intellect, and was accustomed to call him "the young Lord Keeper." - Colonial America (32872 bytes)
2: ... new continent for vastly different reasons, and they created colonies with very different [[social]],...
4: ...re closely united than ever before, at odds with the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] government o...
9: ...he intellectual growth of the Renaissance led to the development of [[seafaring]] technologies needed ...
11: ...f colonization and conquest. Within a few years, they had divided up lucrative [[South America|South]]...
13: ...ropeans were concerned, they were still free for the taking. - Gerardus Mercator (3294 bytes)
7: ...cartographer]] of German descent, remembered for the [[Mercator projection]] named after him.
9: ...tion book of italic script to be published in northern [[Europe]].
12: ...grapher to [[Duke Wilhelm of Cleve]] in [[1564]]. He devised a new projection and first used it in [[1...
14: ...87]] after his father's map of 1567 (published in 1595)]]
15: ...e]] in [[1588]], further maps were published in [[1595]] after his death by his son [[Rumold Mercator]].... - List of sculptors (9151 bytes)
11: *[[Alessandro Algardi]] (1595 - 1654)
30: *[[Arnold Henry Bergier]]
45: *[[Michelangelo Buonarroti]] (1475 - 1564)
97: *[[Victor Fisher]] (1938-)
103: *[[Daniel Chester French]] (1850 - 1931) - Francis Drake (14963 bytes)
2: ...d in command of the English fleet which defeated the [[Spanish Armada]] in [[1588]].
7: ...rait painted quite late in his life. Francis was the eldest or second eldest of twelve children.
9: ...John Hawkins]]. Together, Hawkins and Drake made the first English [[Atlantic slave trade|slave-tradin...
12: ...hich claimed many English lives but earned Drake the favour of [[Elizabeth I of England|Queen Elizabet...
13: ... the central mountains of the isthmus of Panama. When Drake returned to [[Plymouth]] on [[August 9]], ... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
38: *[[Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander]] ([[Germany]], [[1799]] &nda...
41: *[[Svante Arrhenius]] ([[Sweden]], [[1859]] – [[1927]])
42: *[[Arzachel (Al-Zarqali)]] (Muslim Spain, [[1028]] – [...
68: *[[Wilhelm Beer]] ([[Germany]], [[1797]] – [[1850]])
71: *[[Friedrich Bessel|Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel]] ([[Germany]], [[1784]] – [[1846]... - Sikhism (31029 bytes)
2: ...structure of [[Hinduism]] and [[Islam]] (such as the [[caste system]] and [[purdah]], respectively). S...
4: ...Singh]] reinforced these words by saying "Regard the whole human race as equal".
6: ... Pyare (Five Beloved Ones), who in turn baptised the Guru at his request.
8: ... founders of a faith during their own life time. The Sikh Holy Scripture is particularly unique in tha...
10: ...eternally One, the Sovereign and omnipotent God (the Truth of Love). - Aztec (38742 bytes)
3: ...ilt on raised islets in [[Lake Texcoco]] – the site of modern-day [[Mexico City]].
7: ... from the Mexicas alone. This article deals with the historical Aztec civilization, not with modern-da...
9: ...rigin. Their use of the word ''Azteca'' was like the modern use of ''Latino'', or ''Mediterranean'': a...
11: ... be known as Mexica. The [[conquistadores]] knew them as "Mexica".
13: ...[[Huitzilopochtli]] signaling the location where their capital city [[Tenochtitlan]] should be built. ... - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
11: ...n Empire]]<br/><small>''The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power''</small>
14: | ''El Muzaffer Daima The Ever Victorious'' (as written in tugra)
23: | [[Sultan]]s of the [[Osmanli|Osmanli Dynasty]]
29: ...m km² (1902); 19.9m km² maximum extent (1595)
31: | '''[[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Establishment]]''' - Babylonia (8254 bytes)
2: ...the reign of [[Sargon of Akkad]], dating back to the [[23rd century BC]].
5: ... the code of laws that he laid down, and he gave the region stability after turbulent times. It was on...
7: ...ed for 100 years under different foreign rulers. Then, for some 500 years, Babylon was overshadowed by...
11: ...he [[Medes]], [[Niniveh]] was sacked in 612, and the seat of empire was again transferred to Babylonia...
13: ...f Egypt in [[567 BC]], and referring to "Phut of the Ionians". - Sumer (14409 bytes)
2: ...orm (script)|cuneiform]] script may precede any other form of writing, and dates to no later than abou...
5: ... [[Akkadian language|Akkadian]] which belongs to the [[Afro-Asiatic languages]].
10: ...ruled over by a king, who was intimately tied to the city's religious rites.
12: ...eloped, they sought to assert primacy over each other, falling into a millennium of almost incessant w...
14: ...agesi]] of Kish, whose name is also mentioned in the [[Gilgamesh]] epics. This has led some to sugges... - Knights Hospitaller (26158 bytes)
1: ...ereign Military Order of Malta''' (see below) is the main successor to this tradition.
5: ...f [[Jesus]]. It was served by [[Benedictine]] Brothers.
7: ...nded into providing an armed escort to pilgrims. The escort soon grew into a substantial force.
9: ...ar [[Tripoli, Lebanon|Tripoli]]. The property of the Order was divided into [[priories]], subdivided i...
15: ...trol a number of neighboring islands, as well as the Anatolian ports of [[Bodrum]] and [[Castellorizon... - Atlas (cartography) (4308 bytes)
7: ...ases were not called by that name at the time of their publication.
9: ...ons of original maps made by Ptolemy, or whether they were constructed by [[medieval]] [[Greek]] schol...
11: ... atlases" after one of the leading publishers of the period.
13: ...is work was the first book of its kind to reduce the best available maps to a uniform size. It was an...
15: ...escription of the Universe) (Duisburg, [[1585]]-[[1595]]).
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