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- Locomotive (16705 bytes)
3: ...se they have payload space or are rarely detached from their trains, are known as power cars.
5: ...h the trains in one direction, and are controlled from a control cab at the opposite end of the train ...
11: ...en safer to locate the train's power systems away from passengers. This was particularly the case for ...
14: ...solescence cycles'' - separating the motive power from the payload-hauling cars means that either can ...
17: ... fuel, or they may take [[Power (physics)|power]] from an outside source. It is common to classify loc... - Earth (30908 bytes)
7: ...th''' or '''Terra''', is the third planet outward from the [[Sun]]. It is the largest of the [[solar s...
14: ...f approximately 12,742 km. The maximum deviations from this are the highest point on Earth (the summit...
55: ... is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun.
74: ...utaway-english.png|thumb|350px|left|Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Partially to scale.]]
86: ...Peridotite|harzburgite]]s which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that have been ... - Windmill (7108 bytes)
8: ... were developed from the 12th century, apparently from technology gained by [[crusader]]s who came int...
12: ...] systems, throughout the world, by pumping water from [[well]]s to supply the needs of the [[steam lo...
14: ...that they would turn slowly but with considerable torque in low winds and be self regulating in high winds...
16: ...o freezing weather, a pump jack (or standard) was frequently mounted at the top of the well in the cen...
42: .../index_en.php Mill database with over 15000 mills from all over Europe] - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
1: ...wing aircraft</b>. The word helicopter is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''helix'' (s...
23: ...tail rotor is sufficient to cancel out the torque fromt the main rotor, the helicopter will not rotate...
25: ...[coanda effect]] to produce forces to counter the torque. Notar is an acronym meaning '''no''' '''ta'''il ...
29: ...s common for the tailfin to counteract the entire torque, thus leaving more power available for forward fl...
34: ...pter. Yaw controls are usually operated with anti-torque pedals, on the floor in the same place as a fixed... - Hybrid vehicle (47544 bytes)
12: ...cused [[FreedomCAR]] initiative{{cite web | title=FreedomCAR: Getting New Technology into the Marketpl...
16: ...irst production model of this design, released in France in [[2003]]. However, the environmental benef...
20: ...ent in March 2004 allowing Ford to use 20 patents from Toyota related to hybrid technology, although F...
24: ...d States]] rose to 43,435 cars, a 25.8 % increase from 2002 numbers. [[California]], the nation's most...
69: ...rtup that the majority of engine wear occurs, the frequent starting and stopping such systems cause ma... - Early history of Ireland (30651 bytes)
5: ...e is known of pre-[[Christian]] [[Ireland]] comes from a few references in Roman writings, [[Irish poe...
7: ...centuries were to pass before the treeless [[permafrost]] was transformed into a densely forested fert...
9: ...eir food, and they are known to have built canoes from dug-out tree trunks.
14: ... revolution was a long and slow process resulting from trade and overseas contacts with agricultural c...
16: ...ket of peat. Consisting of small fields separated from one another by dry-stone walls, the C驤e Field... - Moon (37975 bytes)
6: ...ll.jpg|250px|none|The Moon as seen by an observer from Earth]]
7: <small><font color="white">The Moon as seen from Earth</font></small>
190: ...', the terms ''selene/seleno'' and ''cynthion'' (from the [[Lunar deity|Lunar deities]] [[Selene]] an...
192: The average distance from the Moon to the Earth is 384,403 [[kilometre]]s...
194: ...o 11]]. The first men sent ''to'' the Moon were [[Frank Borman]], [[Jim Lovell|James Lovell]] and [[Wi... - Flagellum (8951 bytes)
8: ...ok" which allows the helix to point directly away from the cell. A shaft runs between the hook and the...
12: ... thought that bacterial flagella may have evolved from such pores.
30: ...ly powered by [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]. The torque-generating motor that powers rotation of the arch...
40: ...cilium]] or undulipodium, is completely different from the prokaryote flagella in structure and in evo... - Leonhard Euler (10366 bytes)
3: ...ction (mathematics)|function]]" (defined by [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]] - [[1694]]) to describe an [...
27: ...aniel Bernoulli]], established the law that the [[torque]] on a thin elastic beam is [[proportional]] to a...
29: ...f laws of motion in [[fluid dynamics]], directly from [[Newton's laws of motion]]. These equations ...
37: ...ical analysis, it was Euler who synthesised [[Gottfried Leibniz|Leibniz]]'s differential [[calculus]] ...
41: ...{2^2} + \frac{1}{3^2} + \frac{1}{4^2} + \cdots = \frac{\pi^2}{6}</math>, - Screw (22059 bytes)
4: [[Image:screws.jpg|frame|Screws come in a variety of shapes and sizes f...
6: ...ther, and as a simple machine used to translate [[torque]] into linear force.
17: ...screw when driving it in. It also stops the screw from passing right through the material being fasten...
49: [[Image:Screw and trough.gif|frame|right|Rotating screw and fixed trough]]
50: ...ch, thread shape or cross section, coefficient of friction (static and dynamic), and holding power of ... - Energy (16265 bytes)
5: Energy can be readily transformed from one form into another; for instance, using a ba...
15: ...dimension and this is not a simple coincidence: a torque of 1 newton-metre applied on 1 radian requires ex...
47: ...nge of the internal energy is the heat that flows from the surroundings into the system plus the work ...
51: ... This law is used in all branches of physics, but frequently violated by quantum mechanics (see [[off ...
65: :<math>E_k = \begin{matrix} \frac{1}{2} \end{matrix} mv^2</math> - Wind power (27669 bytes)
9: ... Eventually, the wind energy is converted through friction into diffuse heat all through the earth's s...
11: ...nvection|atmospheric convection]] system reaching from the earth's surface to the [[stratosphere]] whi...
13: ...eflectivity) of land and water, humidity, and the friction of wind over different terrain are some of ...
17: ...'rotor''', which converts some of that power into torque on the rotor. The amount of power transferred de...
24: ...ropeller-type turbines. Actual efficiencies range from 10% to 20% for propeller-type turbines, and are... - Physics (25628 bytes)
2: ... contexts, ranging from the sub-nuclear particles from which all ordinary matter is made ([[particle p...
12: The culture of physics research differs from the other sciences in the separation of [[theor...
15: ...mulation of new theories. Likewise, ideas arising from theory often inspire new experiments. In the ab...
26: ...ics)|Force]], [[Energy]], [[Angular momentum]], [[Torque]], [[Conservation law]], [[Harmonic oscillator]],...
34: | [[Boltzmann's constant]], [[Entropy]], [[Free energy]], [[Heat]], [[Partition function (stati... - Fencing (20753 bytes)
7: ...ased to be an article of everyday dress after the French Revolution, they continued to be used in warf...
9: ... of fencing from different countries, notably the French and Italian schools. This state of affairs en...
24: ...l, hence the name. The guard separates the handle from the blade and provides protection for the hand.
27: [[Image:foilfen.gif|frame|right|A foil fencer. Valid target (the torso)...
28: The modern [[Foil (sword)|foil]] is descended from the training weapon for the [[small-sword]], th... - Bicycle (44267 bytes)
3: ...cle]]'' features oversized tires, a sturdy frame, front shock absorbers, and handlebars oriented perpe...
5: ...[land vehicle]] with two [[wheel]]s attached to a frame, one behind the other. First introduced in [[1...
13: ...up by [[Louis Baudry de Saunier]], a 19th century French bicycle historian.
15: ... rode his [[1816]] machine while collecting taxes from his tenants. He patented his ''draisine'', a nu...
17: ... could push more firmly, and further enlarged the front wheel to increase the potential for speed. Sho... - Motorcycle (40437 bytes)
7: ... of "footpegs" or "pegs" which stick out from the frame.
23: The chassis of a motorcycle is typically made from welded [[aluminium]] or [[steel]] struts, with ...
27: ...some British motorcycles designs used part of the frame as an oil reservoir. The wheel rims are usuall...
29: ...becomes a major source of drag and is pushed back from the handlebars, tiring the rider.
31: ...0pix.jpg|thumb|200px|A British'' ''motorcycle'' ''from 1966, the 250 cc Ariel Leader]] - Truck (8353 bytes)
1: ...ame called a [[chassis]]. They come in all sizes, from the automobile-sized [[pickup truck]] to toweri...
2: ...aveling-over-sand-dunes-animated-clipart-crca.gif|frame|left|Wheels on monster truck gears in motion. ...
8: ... was kept. Vehicles transporting furniture to and from the building, known as ''pantechnicon vans'', s...
9: ...ade of (or converted to) hard panels (ie. chilled freight, removal vans etc).
14: ... steam tractor. Steam-powered trucks were sold in France and the United States until the eve of World ... - Propeller (12179 bytes)
1: ...force produced is from the difference in pressure from the forward and rear surfaces of the blades.
6: ...''thrust'' × ''axial speed'')/(''resistance torque'' × ''rotational speed''). Changes to a pro...
7: torque that would otherwise be created.
13: ... adjust the blade pitch angle to alter resistance torque in response to sensed changes in RPM. Initially i...
17: ... propeller diameter and provides a counter to the torque of high-power piston engines and the [[gyroscope|... - Steam engine (17867 bytes)
9: ... of a steam engine after observing steam escaping from his [[pressure cooking|pressure cooker]] in abo...
15: ...f the vacuum engines were in the pumping of water from deep mineshafts. The Newcomen engine operated b...
19: ...sed a far greater pressure, but more importantly (from a [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] standpoint) ...
26: ... the small [[riverboat]] used in the movie [[The African Queen]]. This type is also used in some boile...
30: ...this kind of boiler has the greatest acceleration from a standing start of any marine powerplant. - Gear (5761 bytes)
2: ...''' is a toothed [[wheel]] designed to transmit [[torque]] to another gear or toothed component. The teeth...
4: ...]]. There is actually some loss of power due to [[friction]].
6: ...aveling-over-sand-dunes-animated-clipart-crca.gif|frame|left|Wheels on monster truck gears in motion. ...
8: ...s. ''Beveled gears'' have angled teeth, allowing torque to be transmitted between non-parallel but inters...
15: Torque can be converted to linear force by a ''[[rack an...
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