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- China (38909 bytes)
1: ...ng in the [[3rd century BC]] to protect the north from raiders on horseback.]]
5: ...[country]]'s territorial extent expanded outwards from a core area in the [[North China Plain]], and v...
7: ... formally surrendering its claims, has moved away from its former identity as the ruler of China, and ...
16: ...eir nation as culturally and politically distinct from - and as the [[axis mundi]] of surrounding nati...
25: ... political legitimacy. It was used in this manner from the tenth century onwards by the competing dyna... - Gastrointestinal tract (16596 bytes)
4: The GI tract differs substantially from animal to animal. For instance, some animals h...
45: ... of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube from the [[mouth]] to the [[anus]] (see figure). Ins...
59: ...ese waves of narrowing push the food and fluid in front of them through each hollow organ.
67: ...the small intestine and dissolved into the juices from the pancreas, liver, and intestine, the content...
69: ...own as fiber, and older cells that have been shed from the mucosa. These materials are propelled into ... - Digestion (4206 bytes)
11: ...ated from the body with the feces). Most nutrient absorption takes place in the small intestine, after which f... - Eye (21834 bytes)
9: ...yonic development, while mollusk eyes grow inward from skin cells.
13: ...rm the lenses of their eyes. In this, they differ from most other arthropods, which have soft eyes. Th...
24: ...ours, the [[aqueous humour]]. Most of the light refraction occurs at the [[cornea]] which has a fixed ...
25: ...from a single point of a distant object and light from a single point of a near object being brought t...
27: ...rising from the shape of the cornea and lens, and from the length of the eyeball. These include [[myop... - Kidney (12846 bytes)
3: ..., the kidneys filter wastes (especially [[urea]]) from the [[blood]] and excrete them, along with [[wa...
13: ...idneys_from_behind.jpg|thumb|250px|Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed]]
20: ...ules while secreting other, unneeded molecules. Reabsorption and secretion are accomplished with both cotransp...
22: ...corpuscle]]), and a [[renal tubule]] that extends from the renal corpuscle.
26: ...space called "Bowman's space", which is separated from blood in the glomerulus by three layers: - Skin (8340 bytes)
17: ... [[blood vessel]]s, and is nourished by diffusion from the dermis. The main type of cells which make u...
35: #Absorption: Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide can diffuse ...
47: The skin is subject to constant attack from without, and so can be afflicted by numerous ai... - Small intestine (1643 bytes)
1: [[Image:stomach colon rectum diagram.gif|framed|right|Diagram showing the small intestine]]
2: ...[[duodenum]], [[jejunum]] and [[ileum]]'''. Food from the stomach is allowed in to the duodenum by a ...
4: ... intestinal walls which increase surface area for absorption. Each villus contains a lacteal and capillaries....
11: ** obstruction from external pressure - Stomach (5970 bytes)
1: ...imary function is not the absorption of nutrients from digested food; this task is usually performed b...
4: [[Image:Stomach_diagram.gif|right|frame|The location of the stomach in the body.]]
8: ...me]]s required for the digestion of [[cellulose]] from [[plant]] matter. The partially digested plant ...
14: [[Image:Stomach2.gif|right|frame|Diagram of the stomach, showing the different ...
16: ...e [[pancreas]], and the [[greater omentum]] hangs from the ''greater curvature''. - Mandible (13717 bytes)
9: ...al vessels and nerve. Running backward and upward from each mental tubercle is a faint ridge, the obli...
12: ...c]]. Extending upward and backward on either side from the lower part of the symphysis is the mylohyoi...
15: ...rounded, longer than the superior, and thicker in front than behind; at the point where it joins the l...
24: ...d is surmounted by two processes, the coronoid in front and the condyloid behind, separated by a deep ...
25: ...s a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. Its ... - Epithelium (4397 bytes)
1: ...ide of blood vessels) or external (e.g. [[skin]]) free surfaces of the body.
5: Functions of epithelial cells include secretion, absorption and protection. Epithelial cells sit on a [[basal...
16: ...microvilli]]. They increase the surface area for absorption. - Flowering plant (29088 bytes)
16: ...ling them to be correctly called [[Gymnosperm]]s. From that time onwards, so long as these Gymnosperms...
18: ...d the position of Gymnosperms as a class distinct from Dicotyledons, and the term Angiosperm then grad...
22: ...re not, however, primitive forms, but are derived from immediate land-ancestors. Associated with this ...
24: ... the angiosperms and the [[Gnetophyte]]s diverged from one another during the late [[Triassic]] (220-2...
47: ... regular periodical increase in thickness results from it by the development of xylem on the inside an... - Ukraine (22193 bytes)
3: ...the [[Russian Revolution]] was ended by Ukraine's absorption into the [[Soviet Union]], and the republic's pre...
37: ... Soviet Union|Independence]]'''<br> Date || From [[Soviet Union]]<br>[[August 24]] [[1991]]
55: ...r the name. Most translate it as "borderland" or "frontier" (compare [[Krajna]], [[Krajina]] - in Poli...
60: ... the speakers of the Proto-Iranian language moved from Ukraine to the southeast but many also remained...
64: ...us' was founded by [[Varangian]]s, Scandinavians, from present-day [[Sweden]]. The Varangians later be... - Sun (20830 bytes)
10: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>Earth
21: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>[[Milky Way]] core
55: ! align="left" | [[Escape velocity]]<br> from the surface
122: ...onally referred to as '''Sol''' to distinguish it from other "suns". Planet [[Earth]] [[orbit]]s the ...
128: ...istance of about 25,000 to 28,000 [[light-year]]s from the [[galactic centre]], completing one revolut... - Food (24212 bytes)
1: [[Image:Foods.jpg|thumbnail|right|Food from plant sources]]
23: ...epare food prior to eating since their divergence from [[Homo erectus]], possibly even earlier.
28: ...o eat meals together with other family members or friends and this is seen as an important social occa...
39: ...ce on mechanised tools which have been developed, from the [[threshing machine]], [[seed drill]], thro...
49: ===From [[plant]]s=== - Cloud (9947 bytes)
14: ...g [[weather_front|warm]] and [[weather_front|cold front]]s,
22: ...e rapid growth of ice crystals, which precipitate from the cloud and melt as they fall. This process t...
24: ...front ([[ana-type]] or [[kata-type]] warm or cold front). Orographic uplift also creates variable clou...
31: [[Image:Clouds1.jpg|right|thumb|240px|Clouds (from above)]]
32: ...ud|cirrus]]. At this altitude water almost always freezes so clouds are composed of [[ice crystal]]s. ... - Venus (planet) (31010 bytes)
1: '''Venus''', the second [[planet]] from the [[Sun]], is named after the [[Roman mytholo...
3: ..., it always appears in roughly the same direction from Earth as the Sun (the greatest [[elongation]] i...
7: ...me astronomers use ''[[Cytherean]]'', which comes from [[Cythera]]. Other less common adjectives incl...
14: ...]'s, even though Venus is nearly twice as distant from the Sun and only receives 25% of the solar irra...
16: ...k into space. This prevents most of the sunlight from ever heating the surface. Venus's [[Bolometer|... - Uranus (15207 bytes)
145: ..., or "YOOR-ə-nus") is the seventh [[planet]] from the [[Sun]]. It is a [[gas giant]], the third l...
149: ...distributed. Uranus' [[cyan]] color is due to the absorption of [[red]] light by atmospheric [[methane]].
157: ... regions of Uranus receive a greater energy input from the Sun than its equatorial regions. Uranus is ...
172: ...rgium Sidus'' or "the Georgian" were still used infrequently (by the British alone) thereafter. The fi...
179: ...nditions. It can be easily found with binoculars. From Earth it has a diameter of 4". Even in large te... - Capacitor (29664 bytes)
9: [[Image:Dielectric.png|frame|The electrons in the molecules shift toward th...
14: :<math>C = \frac{Q}{V}</math>
32: :<math>i(t) = C \frac{dv(t)}{dt}</math>
34: The [[impedance]] in [[frequency domain]] can be written as
36: :<math>Z = \frac{1}{j \omega C} = - j X_C </math> - Nutrition (42689 bytes)
4: Between the extremes of optimal health and death from [[starvation]] or [[malnutrition]], there is an...
10: ...hough the digestive process helps to release them from the matrix of the foods where they occur. Any u...
16: ...re hormonally and metabolically favourable than infrequent, haphazard food intake.
20: ... Early diets were primarily [[vegetarian]] with infrequent game meats and fish where available.
27: ...ard reluctantly agreed to a trial. Daniel and his friends received their diet for 10 days and were the... - Photosynthesis (9830 bytes)
3: ...early all living things depend on energy produced from photosynthesis for their nourishment, making it...
6: ...ygen]] gas. The energy for these processes comes from photosynthesis. For instance, the over-all equ...
13: ...[cuticle]], that protects the leaf from excessive absorption of light and evaporation of water. The transparen...
16: Algae range from multicellular forms like [[kelp]] to [[microsco...
18: ...chloroplasts are now considered to have developed from them. The other photosynthetic bacteria have a...
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