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- Isabella of Castile (4156 bytes)
8: ...hilippa of Lancaster]], daughter of John of Gaunt from his first wife [[Blanche of Lancaster]]. Her fi...
18: The regime of [[Francisco Franco]] claimed the prestige of the Catholic Monarc...
19: ... a reaction, Isabella was despised by opposers to Franco.
30: *[[Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros|Cardinal Cisneros]], I...
33: *[[Reconquista]] - Printing press (12986 bytes)
1: ...Events of the Millennium by LIFE Magazine. Apart from Gutenberg, the [[Netherlands|Dutch]] [[Laurens ...
8: ... using "rag" [[paper]] introduced into [[Europe]] from [[China]] by way of [[Muslims]], who had a pape...
12: ... books were copied mainly in [[monasteries]], or (from the [[13th century]]) in commercial [[scriptori...
14: ... printing presses an industry requiring a licence from the Catholic Church (an idea rejected in the en...
16: ...vention in 1453, towns from Hungary to Spain, and from Italy to Britain had functional printing presse... - Age of Exploration (14467 bytes)
1: ...e so-called '''Age of Exploration''' was a period from the early [[15th century]] and continuing into ...
7: ... East was almost completely controlled by traders from the Italian city states. Their close links to t...
9: ...[[Marco Polo]] who traveled throughout the Orient from [[1271]] to [[1295]]. His journey was written u...
15: ...iving European sailors some idea of the shape of Africa and Asia.
18: ... could be bypassed by trading directly with West Africa by sea. It was also hoped that south of the Sa... - Portugal (61755 bytes)
5: ... the country's early history, stemming as it does from the Roman name ''Portus Cale'', a possibly mixe...
15: ...C]], several waves of [[Celts]] invaded Portugal from [[Central Europe]] and intermarried with local ...
17: ...Portugal started from the south, where they found friendly natives, the [[Conii]]. Over decades, the R...
25: ... expelled after the [[Christian]] reconquest or [[Reconquista]]). In [[868]], Count [[V�ra Peres]] reconquere...
27: ...r of the Iberian Peninsula, faced new competition from other regions. The lords of the cities of [[Coi... - Spain (36498 bytes)
1: ...e cities of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]] in [[north Africa]], and a number of uninhabited islands on the ...
37: sovereignty_type = [[Reconquista|Unification]] |
58: ...in the sense that they are not known to have come from elsewhere), consisting of a number of separate ...
70: ...s present languages, religion, and laws originate from this Roman period.
73: ...frica. Much of Spain's distinctive art originates from this seven-hundred-year period, and many Arabic... - Crusade (28507 bytes)
2: ...ian Crusade]] against the [[Cathars]] of southern France and the [[Northern Crusades]].
7: ...ght an outlet for their violence. A plea for help from the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexius I]] in opposing...
9: ...day Spanish Catholics are allowed to substitute [[Friday abstinence]] with prayer or alms (except duri...
18: ...n and consider how the idea of a holy war emerged from this background.'' — [[Norman F. Cantor]]
21: ... Eastern church, [[Alexius I]] expected some help from a fellow Christian. However, the response was m... - January 2 (10888 bytes)
6: *[[366]] - [[Alamanni]] cross the frozen [[Rhine]] in large numbers, invading [[Roman ...
8: *[[1492]] - [[Reconquista]]: [[Granada]], the last [[Moors|Moorish]] strong...
19: *[[1879]] - [[Fred Spofforth]] claims the first [[Hat-trick]] in [...
28: ... - [[DeYoung Museum]] in [[Golden Gate Park]] San Francisco opens.
33: ...ship]] program with a stated goal of building 200 freighters. Over 2,700 ships will eventually be con... - History of California (38344 bytes)
5: During that time, the area has gone from a [[Spain|Spanish]] outpost of interest primari...
13: ...S)|Sierra Nevada]] foothills collected [[acorn]]s from [[oak]] trees, ground them, and leached out the...
25: ====Francisco de Ulloa====
26: {{main|Francisco de Ulloa}}, also [[Island of California]]
28: ...ved by the renewal of those stories, Cortés sent Francisco de Ulloa out with three small vessels. He ... - Chile (39914 bytes)
39: established_dates = From [[Spain]]<br>[[September 18]], [[1810]]<br>[[Fe...
56: ...ego de Almagro]]'s first Spanish expedition south from Peru in [[1535]]-[[1536|36]] called themselves ...
64: ...ed in [[1541]] by [[Pedro de Valdivia]], one of [[Francisco Pizarro]]'s lieutenants. Although the Span...
66: ...f [[slavery]] in [[1683]] defused tensions on the frontier between the colony and the Mapuche land to ...
68: ...ose arbitrary rule during what was called the ''[[Reconquista]]'' led to a prolonged struggle. - First Crusade (34670 bytes)
2: ...side of [[Europe]]. Both [[knight]]s and peasants from many different nations of [[western Europe]], w...
5: ...ral, and of the First Crusade in particular, stem from events earlier in the [[Middle Ages]]. The brea...
7: ...Sardinia]], freeing the coasts of Italy and Spain from [[Muslim]] raids.
12: ... were politically and, to some extent, culturally fragmented at the time of the First Crusade, which c...
16: ...rusalem to the Seljuks in 1076, but recaptured it from the Ortoqids in 1098 while the crusaders were o... - Culture of Spain (17671 bytes)
12: ...ommunity inside the two Castilles; the two north African autonomous cities of [[Ceuta]] and [[Melilla]...
41: ...the summer to an outdoor ''terrasa'' much farther from the center of town than their indoor winter loc...
44: ...specially since the [[1975]] death of [[Francisco Franco]], Spain has become increasingly European; Pr...
46: Franco's death ended a decades-long regime of censor...
55: ...m of the day in Spain remains relatively distinct from the European norm. Many shops and some museums ... - History of science in the Middle Ages (30877 bytes)
14: ... of [[Rome]] in the [[5th century]], and isolated from the rest of the world by the spread of [[Islam]...
16: ...rpretation. Given the limited scientific advances from about [[476]] to about [[1000]], this period ca...
18: ...ic]], [[geometry]], [[astronomy]] and [[music]]). From the year [[787]] on, [[decree]]s began to circu...
20: ...e rebirth of the interest in speculative inquiry; from this interest would follow the rise of the [[Sc...
27: ...the texts of the ''ancients'' and started a new infrastructure which was needed for scientific communi... - Hernando de Soto explorer (34946 bytes)
5: ...nquista|reconquest]] of the [[Iberian peninsula]] from Islamic forces. Spain and [[Portugal]] were fil...
14: ...ualpa's camp, Atahualpa's ransom, and the plunder from Cuzco, and had become very wealthy.
16: ...n Emperor|Charles]] awarded [[Diego de Almagro]], Francisco Pizarro's former business partner, the gov...
20: ...eraging 24 years of age, they eventually embarked from [[Havana]] on seven of the King's [[Galleon|shi...
27: ...rough [[Tennessee]], [[Kentucky]] and [[Indiana]] from [[Mabila]].
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