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- Steel (28384 bytes)
2: [[Image:Steel framework.jpg|thumb|300px|Steel framework]]
3: ...s, which are naturally arranged in a [[lattice]], from sliding past one another. Varying the amount of...
8: ...rtant that smelting take place in a fairly oxygen-free environment. Unlike copper and tin, liquid iro...
11:
17: ...n this case, expansion occurs. Internal stresses from this expansion generally take the form of [[com... - Sodalite (4894 bytes)
23: | [[Fracture]]|| Conchoidal to uneven - brittle
29: | [[Refractive index]]|| 1.48 - isotropic (sodium light)
52: A light, relatively hard yet fragile mineral, sodalite is named after its [[sodiu...
54: ...n inclusion in lapis. It is further distinguished from similar minerals by its white (rather than blue...
56: ...ty of sodalite exhibiting [[tenebrescence]]: when freshly quarried, it is a violet to red colour and g... - List of minerals (11610 bytes)
36: #[[Arsenopyrite]]
88: #[[Burmite]] (amber from Burma)
104: #[[Chalcopyrite]]
188: #[[Franckeite]]
189: #[[Franklinite]] (spinel group) - Gold (24329 bytes)
156: ... These colors are the result of gold's [[plasmon frequency]] lying in the visible range, which causes...
162: ...] and dissolves allowing the gold to be displaced from solution and be recovered as a solid precipitat...
179: *Since it is a good reflector of both infrared and visible light, it is used for the protect...
186: ... famed for its gold. Exploitation is said to date from the time of [[Midas]], and this gold was import...
195: ...of the [[alchemy|alchemists]] was to produce gold from other substances, such as [[lead]] — pres... - Selenium (9236 bytes)
182: ...is element is found in [[sulfide]] ores such as [[pyrite]].
189: Selenium is used to remove color from glass, as it will counteract the green color fe...
199: ...s can be processed by a number of means to obtain free selenium.
205: While free selenium is nontoxic, many of its compounds are...
208: ...of the [[thyroid]] gland. Dietary selenium comes from cereals, meat, fish, and eggs. [[Brazil nuts]] ... - Sulfur (18059 bytes)
48: ...olid. Although sulfur is infamous for its smell - frequently compared to rotten eggs - the odor is act...
50: ...trope]]s besides S<sub>8</sub>. Removing one atom from the crown gives S<sub>7</sub>, which is respons...
59: ...r]] and as a preservative in [[wine]] and dried [[fruit]]. Because of its flammable nature, sulfur als...
62: ...]]-like process. Sulfur is absorbed by [[plant]]s from soil as the [[sulfate]] [[ion]]. Inorganic sul...
65: ...dards increasingly require sulfur to be extracted from [[fossil fuel]]s to prevent the formation of ac... - Thallium (12570 bytes)
94: ...liminated in many countries. It is also used in infrared detectors.
101: ...rical conductivity]] changes with exposure to [[infrared light]] therefore making this compound useful...
102: ...ide]]-[[iodide]] [[crystal]]s have been used as infrared optical materials.
103: ...es that have a high [[refractive index|index of refraction]].
109: ...e durable, insoluble in water and have unique [[refractive index]]es. - Salt (4921 bytes)
14: ...ium dioxide]]), and even metallic and lustrous ([[pyrite|iron disulfide]]). - Mineral (10947 bytes)
1: ...neral structures]]. Minerals range in composition from pure [[Chemical element|element]]s and simple [...
3: [[Image:minerals.jpg|right|frame|Photo from [http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/m...
7: ...lase]] [[feldspar]]s comprise a continuous series from [[sodium]]-rich [[albite]] (NaAlSi<sub>3</sub>O...
11: ... [[lead]] and [[sulfur]]) and [[periclase]] (made from [[magnesium]] and [[oxygen]]) all share the sam...
20: ...found in a handful of samples, and many are known from only one or two small grains. - Gemstone (7411 bytes)
1: ...]]). Some beautiful gemstones are too soft or too fragile to be used in jewelry, for example, single-c...
9: ... exhibit [[pleochroism]] of a sort, or [[double refraction]] to a degree and have an [[optic sign]]. T...
11: ...ay occur in certain locations, "occurrence." Gems from different locations may display different chara...
14: ... is important to understand that diamonds are far from rare with millions of carats mined each year.
18: ...meant to include those gemstones which occur so infrequently in gem quality that they are scarcely kno...
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