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- Lung (7057 bytes)
2: ...lated to the lung often start in '''''pulmo-''''' from the [[Latin]] word ''pulmones'' for lungs.
17: ...|capillaries]] filled with blood. Here [[oxygen]] from the air [[diffusion|diffuses]] into the blood, ...
19: The deoxygenated blood from the [[heart]] reaches the lungs via the [[pulmo...
22: ...ayers to slide over each other, and prevents them from being separated easily. The left lung is smalle...
28: The lungs of birds differ significantly from those of mammal. In addition to the lungs thems... - Slide whistle (1974 bytes)
1: ...ipple]] like a [[recorder]]'s and a tube with a [[piston]] in it. It thus has an air reed like some [[wood...
5: ...special effect. [[Louis Armstrong]] switched over from his more usual [[cornet]] to the slide whistle ... - Brass instrument (5234 bytes)
6: (not necessarily made from brass)
21: * [[French horn]]
41: ...l brass instrument prior to about 1795, and the [[French horn]] before about 1820. Natural instruments...
44: [[Image:Kinkangakki_piston.png]]
46: ''Piston valve'' - Horn (instrument) (19243 bytes)
1: [[Image:French-horn.png|right|]]
2: ...e'' or hunting horn, and has been known as the '''French horn''' since at least 1750, although this us...
4: ...alian language|It.]]), ''cor'' ([[French language|Fr.]]), etc.
6: ...e typical [[playing range]] of a French horn goes from the written F at the bottom of the staff in [[b...
12: ...ne hand was needed to play and the other could be free to guide his steed. The only way to change the... - Trombone (15819 bytes)
6: The word ''trombone'' derives from [[Italian language|Italian]] ''tromba'' —...
12: ...]] in English. This was not a distinct instrument from the trombone, but rather a different name used ...
14: ...ugh the size of a trombone choir can vary greatly from five or six to 20 or more members).
18: ...que music|Baroque]]) literature is often borrowed from other instruments, usually [[cello]] or [[basso...
26: ...s almost completely extended. Extending the slide from one position to the next lowers the pitch by on... - Tuba (3116 bytes)
15: ...gher (in Bb;) than the BBb; contrabass tuba. The "French tuba" corresponds to the tenor tuba, but is p...
17: ...e tubas being relatively rare. Tubas come in both piston and rotary valve models.
19: Some piston valved tubas have a compensating system to allow ...
23: Tubas have been used in [[jazz]] from the music's beginning. In the earliest years, b... - James Watt (5070 bytes)
24: ...ree-quarters of the steam energy in heating the [[piston]] and chamber. Watt developed a separate [[conde...
40: ... Greenock (2 in Greenock, Finnart Campus and Waterfront Campus) and a campus in Largs. - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
6: * 2.4 MYA: [[Oldowan|Stone tools]] in [[Africa]]
8: ...YA: Controlled [[fire]] in [[Cradle of Humankind|Africa]]
26: * [[Cloth]] woven from [[flax]] fiber
112: * [[1589]]: [[Stocking frame]]: [[William Lee]]
129: * [[1705]]: [[Newcomen engine|Steam piston engine]]: [[Thomas Newcomen]] - Aircraft (13315 bytes)
15: ... initially, from [[winch]]es or [[tug]]s and then from gravity and thermal currents. For a glider to m...
37: ...onstruction) and rigid airships that have a rigid frame. The most successful type of rigid airship was...
45: ...foils produce [[lift (force)|lift]], by profiting from airflow patterns determined by [[Bernoulli's eq...
49: ...l" configuration, the lift surfaces are placed in front of a control surface or [[tailplane]]. The oth...
57: ...[Space Shuttle]], but many aircraft generate lift from nothing other than wings alone. - Helicopter (20080 bytes)
1: ...wing aircraft</b>. The word helicopter is derived from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''helix'' (s...
23: ...tail rotor is sufficient to cancel out the torque fromt the main rotor, the helicopter will not rotate...
29: ... amount of power required to prevent a helicopter from spinning is significant. A tail rotor can use u...
42: ...tor system. Turbine engined helicopters, and some piston helicopters, use [[servomechanism|servo]]-feedbac...
44: ... The cyclic is usually controlled by the stick in front of the pilot. - Reptile (14659 bytes)
26: * Order [[Rhynchocephalia]] ([[tuatara]]s from [[New Zealand]]): 2 species
30: ...). Instead they rely on gathering and losing heat from the environment to regulate their internal temp...
38: ... birds and mammals, although these also developed from the original reptile. Colin Tudge writes:
50: ... fossil species showing a clear smooth transition from the ancestors of reptiles to present-day reptil...
54: ...hes split off, either from the Anapsids or simply from each other, leaving no proper Anapsids. One gr... - 18th century inventions (2219 bytes)
5: * [[1705]]: [[Newcomen engine|Steam piston engine]]: [[Thomas Newcomen]]
10: ...quadrant]]: [[Thomas Godfrey (inventor)|Thomas Godfrey]]
13: * [[1742]]: [[Franklin stove]]: [[Benjamin Franklin]]
15: * [[1752]]: [[Lightning rod]]: [[Benjamin Franklin]]
20: * [[1769]]: [[Water Frame]]: [[Richard Arkwright]] - Motorcycle (40437 bytes)
7: ... of "footpegs" or "pegs" which stick out from the frame.
23: The chassis of a motorcycle is typically made from welded [[aluminium]] or [[steel]] struts, with ...
27: ...some British motorcycles designs used part of the frame as an oil reservoir. The wheel rims are usuall...
29: ...becomes a major source of drag and is pushed back from the handlebars, tiring the rider.
31: ...0pix.jpg|thumb|200px|A British'' ''motorcycle'' ''from 1966, the 250 cc Ariel Leader]] - Propeller (12179 bytes)
1: ...force produced is from the difference in pressure from the forward and rear surfaces of the blades.
17: ...nd provides a counter to the torque of high-power piston engines and the [[gyroscope|gyroscopic]] precessi...
27: ...cy as the fan is drawing on a smaller area of the free stream and so using less air, this is balanced ...
34: ...include [[William Symington]], the Marquis de Jouffroy, [[John Fitch]] and many others. The American [...
36: ...igned and patented a screw propeller in [[1827]]. Francis Petit Smith tested a screw propeller similar... - Jet engine (22370 bytes)
1: ...ine (left of photo) prevents debris - or people - from being pulled into the engine by the huge volume...
2: ...ir and combustion products) in one direction and, from [[Isaac Newton|Newton]]'s [[Newton's_laws_of_mo...
4: The engine draws [[air]] in at the front and compresses it. The air is combined with [[...
6: ... Very small aircraft generally use conventional [[piston engine]]s to drive a propeller but small turbopro...
8: ...ssing into the ignition chamber prevents backflow from it and thus makes possible the continuous burni... - Steam engine (17867 bytes)
3: ...eeds, etc. The steam expands and pushes against a piston or turbine, whose motion does the work to turn th...
9: ... of a steam engine after observing steam escaping from his [[pressure cooking|pressure cooker]] in abo...
15: ...ns of the operating rod are transferred to a pump piston that moves the water, through check valves, to th...
19: ...sed a far greater pressure, but more importantly (from a [[thermodynamics|thermodynamic]] standpoint) ...
26: ... the small [[riverboat]] used in the movie [[The African Queen]]. This type is also used in some boile... - Contrail (4281 bytes)
9: ...itate a stream of tiny [[ice]] crystals in moist, frigid upper [[air]].
10: ...airplanes, either from their exhaust or sometimes from their wing tips.
17: ...trails. The time the steam/water droplets take to freeze accounts for the contrail forming some way be... - Watt steam engine (4120 bytes)
1: [[image:watt7783.png|frame|right|Diagram of the Watt Steam Engine in its ...
4: ...n was both powerful and useful; the first example from 1711 was able to replace a team of 500 horses t...
8: ...s closed and V' was opened. Then the steam rushed from the cylinder into the condenser, which was kept...
10: ...und the development of a test engine. This proved frustrating and Watt repeatedly almost gave up on th...
14: ...er wheel]]s, thereby freeing the British industry from geographical constraints and becoming one of th...
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