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- Margaret Thatcher (46377 bytes)
27: ... was the [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] from [[1979]] to [[1990]], the only woman [[as of 20...
29: ...y]] task force to retake the [[Falkland Islands]] from [[Argentina]] in the [[Falklands War]].
31: ...and]], and increased wealth inequalities. However from the mid 1980s a period of sustained economic gr...
33: ...d Monetary Union]]. Her leadership was challenged from within and she was forced to resign in [[1990]]...
36: ...hire]] in eastern [[England]]. Her father was [[Alfred Roberts]], who ran a grocers' shop in the town ... - Botany (8977 bytes)
9: ...plant life can be studied at a variety of levels, from the [[molecular biology|molecular]], [[genetics...
20: ...either directly from [[staple food]]s and other [[fruit]] and [[vegetables]], or indirectly through [[...
22: ...[Gregor Mendel]] laid the foundations of genetics from his studies of plants.]]
25: ...eas|pea]] shape is inherited. What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far-reaching benefits o...
28: ...e from plants. Most [[alcoholic beverages]], come from [[fermentation|fermenting]] plants such as [[ho... - Earth (30908 bytes)
7: ...th''' or '''Terra''', is the third planet outward from the [[Sun]]. It is the largest of the [[solar s...
14: ...f approximately 12,742 km. The maximum deviations from this are the highest point on Earth (the summit...
55: ... is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the Sun.
74: ...utaway-english.png|thumb|350px|left|Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. Partially to scale.]]
86: ...Peridotite|harzburgite]]s which has been observed from deep parts of the oceanic crust that have been ... - Volcano (27295 bytes)
4: The name "volcano" has its origin from the name of [[Vulcan (god)|Vulcan]], a god of f...
18: ...'[[Volcanic cones]]''' or [[cinder cone]]s result from eruptions that throw out mostly small pieces of...
41: ...tive" volcano. The lifespan of a volcano can vary from months to several million years, making such a ...
43: ...to note that the span of recorded history differs from region to region; in the [[Mediterranean]], rec...
47: ...tone as extinct. In fact, because the caldera has frequent earthquakes, a very active geothermal syste... - Meteorology (19082 bytes)
10: ...' goes back to the book ''Meteorologica'' (dating from about [[340 BC]]) by [[Aristotle]], who combine...
14: ...Franklin]]'s kite experiments with [[lightning]]. Franklin was also the first American to keep accurat...
18: ...d]]. These were solved when [[Luke Howard]] and [[Francis Beaufort]] introduced their systems for clas...
20: ...]], introducing the idea of [[front (meteorology)|front]]s, that is, sharply defined boundaries betwee...
26: ...sable tool for studying a wide range of phenomena from forest fires to [[El Ni. - Geography of the United States (15104 bytes)
61: ...oods]], the most northerly part of the U.S. apart from Alaska. In the United States, there are [[Extre...
69: *14.3 times the size of the [[France|French Republic]]
71: *three-tenths the size of [[Africa]]
104: ...intermontane]] valleys, plateaus and basins range from treeless to desert with the very arid region be...
110: ...ada|Canadian]] and a United States portion. It is from the United States side, that the great - Alternative technology (2518 bytes)
1: ...ch may be cited as implying greater environmental friendliness, such as greater efficiency, or differe...
7: ...nown as [[CFC]]s have been replaced by more ozone-friendly chemicals, such as HFCs and [[HCFC]]s.
24: * Methane extraction from garbage dumps - Lightning (33113 bytes)
10: ...shared some similarity with lightning. [[Benjamin Franklin]] endeavored to test this theory by using a...
12: ... to a post with a [[silk]] thread. As time passed Franklin noticed the loose fibers on the string stre...
14: ... had conducted similar experiments in [[France]], Franklin had suggested the original high-object-with...
16: ...clothes singed, the engraver knocked out, the doorframe of the room split, and the door itself torn of...
18: Franklin also invented the [[lightning rod]], likely... - Swimming (22854 bytes)
5: ...le]]s, and by kicking the legs to push water away from the body.
13: ...n side-to-side on most swimmers. This reduces the frontal cross-section, reducing drag further, and al...
15: ...he cube of the speed) of an equal amount of torso frontal area.
26: ...ed in [[1873]] by John Arthur Trudgen, copying it from [[Native American]]s.
33: ...ice, almost all freestyle events are swum using [[front crawl]]. Events are held at distances of 50&nb... - Geography of Italy (2563 bytes)
16: :* Border countries: Austria 430 km, France 488 km, Holy See (Vatican City) 3.2 km, San M...
42: ...ulfur dioxide; coastal and inland rivers polluted from industrial and agricultural effluents; acid rai...
44: ...Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber... - Earth's atmosphere (10093 bytes)
5: .... The [[Karman line]], at 100 km (62 mi), is also frequently used as the boundary between atmosphere a...
10: * [[troposphere]]: from the surface to 7 km to 17 km, depending on lati...
11: * [[stratosphere]]: from that 7–17 km range to about 50 km, temper...
12: * [[mesosphere]]: from about 50 km to the range of 80 km to 85 km, tem...
13: * [[thermosphere]]: from 80–85 km to 640+ km, temperature increasi... - Ionosphere (19365 bytes)
1: ...practical importance because it influences [[high-frequency]] (HF) (3–30[[MHz]]) [[radio propaga...
6: ...d to as the ionosphere. In a plasma, the negative free electrons and the positive ions are attracted t...
8: ...[[recombination]] begins to take place in which a free electron is "captured" by a positive ion if it ...
10: ...t. The local winter [[hemisphere]] is tipped away from the Sun, thus there is less received solar radi...
14: ... e profile.gif|right|thumb|350px|Electron density from solar ionization during the day and night durin... - Geography of Estonia (3012 bytes)
5: ...va]] and [[Petseri]] regions on Estonia's eastern frontier, which still remain contested bilaterally.
48: '''Natural hazards:''' flooding occurs frequently in the spring
50: ...:''' air heavily polluted with [[sulfur dioxide]] from oil-shale burning power plants in northeast; co...
53: ...ngered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ship Pollution, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands<br /> - Geography of Malta (2380 bytes)
2: ...]], [[Italy]], [[Europe]]; and ~300km north of [[Africa]]. Only the three largest islands [[Malta Isla...
73: very limited natural fresh water resources; increasing reliance on desali...
77: ...Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands - Climate change (15859 bytes)
3: ...ordinated through the [[United Nations]] [[UNFCCC|Framework Convention on Climate Change]]. Note, howe...
6: ...umb|right|Variations in CO2, temperature and dust from the [[Vostok]] ice core over the last 400 000 y...
28: ...ncreases in CO<sub>2</sub> levels due to emission from fossil fuel combustion, which began on a large ...
36: ...e gases and temperature. One such theory is the Infrared Iris model, which proposes that the water vap...
47: ... warming since 1860 is a natural climate recovery from the Little Ice Age. (Source: [[The Skeptical En... - Global warming (53726 bytes)
5: .../wg1/339.htm]]). Much of this uncertainty results from not knowing future CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, bu...
16: ...es including [[Brazil]], [[Canada]], [[China]], [[France]], [[Germany]], [[India]], [[Italy]], [[Japan...
38: ...ly and historically, making the conclusions drawn from the data subject to disagreement. [http://www.g...
48: ...s in response to variations in "external forcing" from both human and non-human causes, including chan...
54: ...ureate]] [[Svante Arrhenius]] used the measured infrared absorption of carbon dioxide to calculate tha... - Fluorine (8588 bytes)
34: '''Fluorine''' (from L. ''fluere'', meaning "to flow"), is the [[che...
45: ... such as [[Teflon]], and in [[halon]]s such as [[Freon]]. Other uses:
49: ...luorine is used in the production of [[uranium]] (from the hexafluoride) and in more than 100 differen...
50: ...because they are suspected to contribute to the [[ozone hole]]. [[Sulfur hexafluoride]] is an extremely i...
62: ...s due to its extreme reactivity - it is separated from its compounds only with difficulty and then it ... - Oxygen (9039 bytes)
37: ...] and [[bacteria]]). The atmospheric abundance of free oxygen in later geological epochs and up to the...
42: ...spiration in animals. The word ''oxygen'' derives from two words in [[Greek language|Greek]], ''oxys''...
44: ...iquid air. Both liquid and solid O<sub>3</sub> ([[ozone]]) have a deeper color of blue.
63: ...on (III) oxide]] (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). [[Ozone]] (O<sub>3</sub>) is formed by electrostatic disc...
71: Certain derivatives of oxygen, such as [[ozone]] (O<sub>3</sub>), [[singlet oxygen]], [[hydrogen... - Silver (15157 bytes)
136: ...ty of any metal and occurs in [[mineral]]s and in free form. This metal is used in [[coin]]s, [[jewelr...
140: ...[[copper]], but its greater cost has prevented it from being widely used in place of copper for electr...
142: ...d water, but does tarnish when it is exposed to [[ozone]], [[hydrogen sulfide]], or air with [[sulfur]] i...
151: ...elry and silverware, which are traditionally made from the silver alloy known as [[Sterling silver]], ...
153: ...; for example, the production of [[formaldehyde]] from [[methanol]] and air by means of silver screens... - Nikola Tesla (29894 bytes)
10: ... [[Smiljan]], [[Gospic|Gospić]], [[Military Frontier]], [[Habsburg Monarchy]] (now [[Croatia]])
18: ...d a means to provide [[humanity]] the means for [[Free energy (disambiguation)|unlimited energy]]. He ...
20: ...eas and concepts are just only recently coming to fruition. His legacy can been seen across [[Modern w...
27: * [[induction motor]] and high frequency alternator
34: ...ity for the [[invention]] of [[radio]]) and radio frequency [[electronic oscillator|oscillator]]s
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