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- Immune system (14564 bytes)
1: ...he [[organ system]] that protects an [[organism]] from outside biological influences. In the broad sen...
6: ...sequences, and enzymes that protect their own DNA from this enzyme by [[methylation|methylating]] the ...
11: ...] and [[autoimmune disorder|autoimmunity]]) arise from failures of discriminatory systems.
23: ...owever, most organisms are under constant assault from pathogens, which must be kept in check by the f...
28: ...udes barriers to infection such as [[skin]] and [[mucus]] coating of the [[gut]] and [[airways]], physica... - Colon (anatomy) (1808 bytes)
3: ...um]]. Its primary purpose is to extract [[water]] from [[feces]]. In [[mammal]]s, it consists of the [...
22: ...water]] is removed, while the chyme is mixed with mucus and bacteria, and becomes feces. The large intest... - Pulmonary alveolus (8193 bytes)
16: ...e down a [[concentration gradient]]. Oxygen moves from the alveoli (high oxygen concentration) to the ...
20: ...eflex]] [[coughing]] and [[sneezing]] to dislodge mucus contaminated with dust particles or micro-organis...
23: ... higher because carbon dioxide enters the alveoli from the pulmonary capillaries.
52: ... causes increased coughing in order to remove the mucus, and is often a result of extended periods of exp...
54: ...ort of chloride ions. This causes huge amounts of mucus to clog the bronchiolites, simular to chronic bro... - Nose (3059 bytes)
2: ..., which catch airborne particles and prevent them from reaching the lungs. Within and behind the nose...
4: ...and/or humidifying it) and by reclaiming moisture from the air before it is exhaled (as occurs most ef...
10: ...to spread to the brain. For this reason, the area from the corners of the mouth to the bridge of the n...
12: ...ient themselves-even when blindfolded and removed from such external clues as sunlight-to within a few...
24: *[[mucus]] - Stomach (5970 bytes)
1: ...imary function is not the absorption of nutrients from digested food; this task is usually performed b...
4: [[Image:Stomach_diagram.gif|right|frame|The location of the stomach in the body.]]
8: ...me]]s required for the digestion of [[cellulose]] from [[plant]] matter. The partially digested plant ...
14: [[Image:Stomach2.gif|right|frame|Diagram of the stomach, showing the different ...
16: ...e [[pancreas]], and the [[greater omentum]] hangs from the ''greater curvature''. - Epithelium (4397 bytes)
1: ...ide of blood vessels) or external (e.g. [[skin]]) free surfaces of the body.
16: ...mnar epithelial cells and secrete [[mucus]]. The free surface of the columnar cell has tiny hairlike ... - Symbiosis (4279 bytes)
15: ... (a special mucus on the anemone fish protects it from the stinging tentacles).
24: ...e perceived as a continuum of interaction ranging from parasitism to mutualism. In fact, the direction... - Cilium (3845 bytes)
3: ...(plural ''cilia'') is an [[organelle]] projecting from a [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[cell (biology)|cel...
8: ...iduct]]s, the beating of cilia moves the [[ovum]] from the [[ovary]] to the [[uterus]].
13: ...m may also be used to emphasize their differences from bacterial flagella.
15: ...called a '''[[basal body]]'''. Basal body is made from the [[centriole]], which migrates to the cell s... - Canopic jar (2086 bytes)
10: ... mucus), but was liquefied and completely drained from the corpse through the nostrils. - Leech (8356 bytes)
16: ...ined by attaching themselves to fish, amphibians (frogs etc.), and mammals. The [[medicinal leech]], '...
18: ... to a host for feeding. They use a combination of mucus and suction (caused by concentric muscles in thos...
24: All leeches are from one of three orders:
26: ...-water habitat, the Pisciolidae are found in both fresh-water and sea-water habitats.
28: ...families. The Erpobdellidae are some species from freshwater habitats. - Urethra (2931 bytes)
24: ...urethral glands, that help protect the epithelium from the corrosive urine. - Mussel (4840 bytes)
17: ... The saltwater mussels (family [[Mytilidae]]) and freshwater mussels (family [[Unionidae]]) are not th...
21: ...ect it from predators and desiccation. Protruding from a valve is an enlarged structure called the ''u...
26: ...e [[cilia]] located on the [[gill]]s for cilliary-mucus feeding. The waste water exits out through the ex...
33: ...sh's fins or gills. They grow and then break free from the host and drop to the bottom of the water. I...
38: ...te seas of the northern and southern hemispheres. Freshwater mussels are common in rivers and streams. - Sea anemone (3337 bytes)
18: ...zoochlorella]]e or both. The sea anemone benefits from the products of the algae's photosynthesis, nam...
20: ...one benefits because the anemone gets food scraps from the clownfish. - Tobacco (28162 bytes)
14: ... whose roots are unclear; it is thought to derive from the [[Native American]] word "tabago," for a Y-...
16: ...f of a cigar or three cigarettes; however, only a fraction of the nicotine contained in these products...
26: ...e Americans]], and also soon led to the use of [[African slaves]] for cheap labor.
28: ... the colony's first black slaves as well as women from England in [[1619]].
39: ...ed with branches to protect the young plants from frost damage. These plants were left to grow until a... - Basking Shark (7122 bytes)
24: ...placoid [[scale (zoology)|scale]]s and a layer of mucus, a pointed snout (which is distincly hooked in yo...
32: ...ately [[filter feeder|filtering]] [[zooplankton]] from the water at a rate of 1,500 m³ or more pe...
42: ...and at a length of between 4.6-6 metres. Breeding frequency is also unknown, but is thought to be 2-4 ... - Discus Fish (4433 bytes)
15: '''Discus''' are freshwater [[perciform]] [[fish]], peculiar [[cichli...
17: ...cus is its flattened body shape. It is compressed from the sides to a dish or discus shape. Although p...
21: ...lack of protection. The best cohabitants may be [[freshwater angelfish|angelfish]] (although many aqua...
23: ...h themselves on the sides of discus and eat their mucus membranes.
30: ...r]] where it drains into the [[Amazon River]] and from the [[Trombetas River|Trombetas]] and [[Abacaxi... - Slugs (3980 bytes)
14: ...th very small shells, in contrast with [[snail]]s from which they evolved, which have a prominent shel...
23: ==Mucus==
24: ...oot to the edges,the thick mucus spreads out from front to back.
26: Mucus is very important to slugs as it helps them move ...
27: ...ent the slug from sliding down vertical surfaces. Mucus also provides protection against predators and he... - Moon Jelly (10363 bytes)
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21: ...[[ovum]] from a female [[medusa]] and a [[sperm]] from a different medusa to form a [[zygote]]. The zy...
25: From mid July to October is when the growth of ''A. ...
29: ...ains its presence worldwide. Medusae appear more frequently in shallow water that is open to the ocea...
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