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- Locomotive (16705 bytes)
3: ...se they have payload space or are rarely detached from their trains, are known as power cars.
5: ...h the trains in one direction, and are controlled from a control cab at the opposite end of the train ...
11: ...en safer to locate the train's power systems away from passengers. This was particularly the case for ...
14: ...solescence cycles'' - separating the motive power from the payload-hauling cars means that either can ...
17: ... fuel, or they may take [[Power (physics)|power]] from an outside source. It is common to classify loc... - Pulmonary alveolus (8193 bytes)
16: ...e down a [[concentration gradient]]. Oxygen moves from the alveoli (high oxygen concentration) to the ...
23: ... higher because carbon dioxide enters the alveoli from the pulmonary capillaries.
60: ...degree that the patient cannot draw enough oxygen from his environment, then he may need supplemental ... - Kidney (12846 bytes)
3: ..., the kidneys filter wastes (especially [[urea]]) from the [[blood]] and excrete them, along with [[wa...
13: ...idneys_from_behind.jpg|thumb|250px|Kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed]]
22: ...corpuscle]]), and a [[renal tubule]] that extends from the renal corpuscle.
26: ...space called "Bowman's space", which is separated from blood in the glomerulus by three layers:
37: ...sule. The segment that drains glomerular filtrate from the Bowman's capsule is the [[proximal convolut... - California (63989 bytes)
91: ...a|San Jose]], and [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], and is responsible for many legal and t...
93: ... shown on early maps as an island. The name comes from ''Las sergas de Esplandián'' (Adventures of Sp...
101: ...tions of Mexican California. Traders and settlers from the United States began to arrive, harbingers o...
105: ...ck plague|plague]], caused because the area lacks frosts to kill mosquitos and fleas.
107: ...] of the [[United States Navy]] sailed into [[San Francisco Bay]] and claimed California for the Unite... - Desert (21206 bytes)
18: ...ey should be designated as specifically different from the simple definition of a desert: a place whe...
20: ...s an [[ice cap]] if the temperature remains below freezing year-round, rendering the land almost compl...
22: ... other areas are arid by virtue of being very far from the nearest available sources of moisture (this...
28: ...orld's largest desert, the [[Sahara]] of [[North Africa]], which has experienced temperatures as high ...
32: ... These deserts are in interior [[watershed]]s far from oceans and have a wide range of annual temperat... - Sun (20830 bytes)
10: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>Earth
21: ! align="left" | Mean distance from<br>[[Milky Way]] core
55: ! align="left" | [[Escape velocity]]<br> from the surface
122: ...onally referred to as '''Sol''' to distinguish it from other "suns". Planet [[Earth]] [[orbit]]s the ...
128: ...istance of about 25,000 to 28,000 [[light-year]]s from the [[galactic centre]], completing one revolut... - Meteorology (19082 bytes)
3: ...erature]], [[pressure]], [[water vapor]], and the gradients and interactions of each variable, and how they ...
10: ...' goes back to the book ''Meteorologica'' (dating from about [[340 BC]]) by [[Aristotle]], who combine...
14: ...Franklin]]'s kite experiments with [[lightning]]. Franklin was also the first American to keep accurat...
16: ...extent of the large scale interaction of pressure gradient force and deflecting [[coriolis effect|force]] th...
18: ...d]]. These were solved when [[Luke Howard]] and [[Francis Beaufort]] introduced their systems for clas... - Carnivorous plant (44834 bytes)
29: ...e leaves are quite clearly evolutionarily derived from a simple
46: rolled-leaf tube, and protects it from rain. Possibly because of this improved
52: pitted with areolae, which are [[chlorophyll]]-free patches through which light can penetrate.
54: ...once inside, tire themselves out trying to escape from these false
63: that project from the base of the operculum over the entrance to ... - Mitochondrion (10103 bytes)
8: [[image:mitochondrion.png|frame|'''Cross-section of a mitochondrion, showing:'...
9: ...e-shaped organelle pictured to the right, ranging from 1 to 4 [[Micrometre|?m]] in length. At the othe...
51: ...heir physical tendency (in the "wrong" direction) from the matrix into the intermembrane space.
53: ...e complex can make [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]] from ADP and inorganic phosphate (P<sub>i</sub>). Th...
58: ...ics]] and [[evolutionary biology]] often use data from mitochondrial DNA sequences to draw conclusions... - Erosion (6998 bytes)
4: ...y be simultaneous, erosion is to be distinguished from [[weathering]], which is the decomposition of r...
9: ...il, the steepness of the slope, and ground cover (from vegetation, rocks, etc.).
17: ... the ocean. The [[sediment]] originates primarily from water erosion in the [[Loess Plateau]] region o...
19: ...es within a moving fluid. Erosion can also occur from non-abrasive fluid mixtures. [[Cavitation]] is...
24: ...rt of the erosional process, as it moves material from higher elevations to lower elevations where tra... - Continental shelf (2503 bytes)
1: ...is the continental slope which has a much steeper gradient than the shelf. It merges into the flat ocean flo...
5: ...otic desert of the oceans' [[abyssal plain]]. Cod from the [[Grand Banks]] off [[Newfoundland]] fed [[...
7: ...oitation, such as [[oil]] and [[gas]] extraction, from the sea takes place on the continental shelf. S... - Pressure (9004 bytes)
5: :<math> p = \frac{F}{A} </math>
14: The [[gradient]] of pressure is [[force density]].
23: ...thin a container, we detect a pressure in the gas from the molecules colliding with the walls of our c... - Albatross (4372 bytes)
17: The '''albatrosses''' (from [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] ''Alcatraz''...
21: ...ronts gaining [[energy]] from the vertical [[wind gradient]]. Their principal food is [[cephalopod]]s.
28: ...rder [[Ciconiiformes]], whereas in Europe, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand, the more tradition...
30: ... [[British Ornithologists' Union]] and the South African authorities split the albatrosses into four g...
48: ...nline.org/birds/albatross.htm Albatross resources from Bird Online] (North America) - Hot spring (7271 bytes)
3: ... a place where warm or hot [[groundwater]] issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a pr...
7: ...s it comes into contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non-[[volcano|volcanic]] areas i...
9: ...th [[magma]] (molten rock). The high temperature gradient near magma may cause water to be heated enough th...
11: ...ates|U.S. President]] [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt|Franklin D. Roosevelt]], who built the [[Little Whit...
15: ...y high [[mineral]] content, containing everything from simple [[calcium]] to [[lithium]], and even [[r... - Avalanche (25211 bytes)
1: [[Image:Nuptse-fromKalarPatar.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A [[Himalaya|Hi...
7: ...ing else in its path. For example, in [[Montroc, France]], in [[1999]] 300,000 cubic metres of snow s...
12: ...m anchors such as rocks and trees, stress support from top or bottom of slope).
14: ...temperatures (e.g., a lubricated melt layer, or a fragile crystal layer) before, during and after snow...
24: ...hern and north-eastern aspects. Slopes sheltered from the wind tend to gather more snow. [[Cornice]]... - Cyclone (6571 bytes)
6: ...low-pressure region. [[Pressure gradient force]], from high- to low-pressure reasons, causes high wind...
12: ...form over warm ocean waters and draw their energy from the evaporation and condensation of that water....
16: ...]] will develop into a [[warm front]], giving the frontal zone a shape (when drawn on a weather chart)...
20: ... precipitation that is associated with the [[warm front]] is often extensive. They tend to move along...
23: ... exhibit characteristics which differentiate them from [[extratropical cyclone]]s. - Biology (23579 bytes)
4: '''Biology''' is the [[science]] of [[life]] (from the [[Greek language|Greek]] words ''bios'' = l...
19: ...>Biology studies the variety of life ''(clockwise from top-left)'' ''[[E. coli]]'', tree [[fern]], [[g...
38: ... tells the characteristics of the various species from which it descended—together with its gene...
62: ...existing [[organism]]s on [[Earth]] are descended from a common ancestor or ancestral [[gene pool]]. ...
64: ...hat there has been an unbroken continuity of life from the initial origin of life to the present time.... - Subduction (7616 bytes)
5: Subduction results from the contrast in density between lithosphere (th...
13: ...ated with the volcanic arc occurs 100-300 km away from the trench. However, a relationship has been f...
17: ...ttle fashion than it would in a normal geothermal gradient setting. Because earthquakes can only occur when...
22: ... the overlying mantle, causing mantle melting and fractionating elements (buffering) between surface a...
24: ..., and mantle lithosphere and mix this with mantle from the overriding plate to produce fluids, melts,... - Laboratory (5761 bytes)
12: ...articles from a liquid, or create a [[density]] [[gradient]], [[spectrophotometer]]s to accurately measure t...
26: ...articles from a liquid, or create a [[density]] [[gradient]], [[spectrophotometer]]s to accurately measure t... - Krypton (9031 bytes)
177: ...n trace amounts in the atmosphere, is isolated by fractionating liquefied air, and is often used with ...
183: ...rd definition of the length of the [[metre]] was, from [[1960]] to [[1983]], based on the light emitte...
188: ...ement defined the metre in terms of light emitted from a krypton isotope. This agreement replaced the ...
191: ...n|ppm]]. It can be extracted from liquid air by [[fractional distillation]].
198: ... of [[fuel rod]]s from nuclear reactors. A strong gradient exists between the northern and southern hemisphe...
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