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- History of sculpture (6101 bytes)
4: ...een found. Small female statues known as [[Venus figurines]] have been found mainly in central [[Euro...
11: ...d head, made of diorite, is believed to represent Hammurabi. The head has the wide open eyes, typical of the...
13: ...e feature of this piece is that it is carved with five legs, so that it can have four legs visible if ...
27: ...ging from a few inches in size to life-size. The figures are usually nude females with their arms cro...
31: ...d axes, called "labrys", probably related to sacrifice. Some of the axes are taller than an adult. - Ziggurat (6043 bytes)
1: ...erraced stories and were topped with a [[temple]] fit for any [[god]].
9: ...ssive structure, yet [[archeology|archeological]] findings and historical accounts put this tower at s...
11: ...remains of earlier ziggurats and structures. The final stage consisted of a 15 [[metre|meter]] harden...
15: ...[[colors]] and may have had [[cosmological]] significance. The number of tiers ranged from two to seve...
23: ...n [[Sacramento, California]], used as corporate office space. - Literature (25676 bytes)
1: ...bious, but it does not interfere with the above definition.
5: ...on of the United States]], all fall within this definition of a kind of literature.
9: ... of text composed of letters, or other narrowly defined examples of symbolic written language ([[hiero...
11: ...iction]] (for example: romance, crime, or science fiction) may also become excluded from consideration...
21: ...h, poetry as a form of literature makes some significant use of the ''formal'' properties of the words... - Babylonia (8254 bytes)
5: ...0 BC|1780]]–[[1750 BC]]). He was a highly efficient ruler, famous for the code of laws that he l...
11: ...ing of increased privileges, or militarily. That finally changed in 627 BC with the death of the last...
17: ...a, "the soldiers of Cyrus entered Babylon without fighting." Nabonidus was dragged from his hiding-pla...
21: ...stern Asia until he had been consecrated to the office by Bel and his priests; and accordingly, Cyrus ... - Babylon (9716 bytes)
8: ...provincial town, until it became the capital of [[Hammurabi]]'s empire ([[18th century BC]]) From this time o...
18: ...rrender. Assur-bani-pal (or [[Assurbanipal]]) purified the city and celebrated a "service of reconcili...
24: === Beautification of Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar ===
31: ...], Babylon became a center of learning and scientific advancement. Babylonian scholars completed maps ...
37: ... was divided amongst the generals, and decades of fighting soon began, with Babylon once again caught ... - Ur (11926 bytes)
11: ...ecame the effective rulers of [[Sumer]], in the [[first dynasty of Ur]], which was established by the ...
13: The first dynasty was ended by an attack by [[Sargon of ...
15: ... of Hammurabi]]. After his death he became a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Sumerian liter...
33: The first excavation was made by [[United Kingdom|Britis...
37: ...luding [[pottery]] from the [[Ubaid period]], the first stage of settlement in southern Mesopotamia. W... - Akkadian Empire (9189 bytes)
8: A finely executed bas relief, representing Naram-Sin, ...
10: ... were called in Akkadian. It is probable that the first collection of [[astronomy|astronomical]] obser...
18: ...ed from [[2000 BC]] until [[1600 BC]]. During the first centuries of this period kings and people in h...
20: ...tters of the kings themselves, more especially of Hammurabi. Among the latter is one ordering the dispatch of...
22: ...n law|a code of laws]]. This was made by order of Hammurabi after the expulsion of the Elamites and the settl... - Mari, Syria (5848 bytes)
2: ...til [[1759 BC|1759 BCE]], when it was sacked by [[Hammurabi]]. [[Abraham]] himself is thought to have passed...
6: ...ing discovered in the next month. Mari was classified by the archaelogists as the "most westerly outp...
12: ...d since the 5th millennium BCE, but the real significance of the city was during the third and second ...
14: ===First Golden Age===
18: ===First Destruction=== - Timeline of Middle Eastern History (12425 bytes)
23: * First [[pottery]] in [[Mesopotamia]]
29: ...up3;) of [[sea water|salt water]] is added, significantly expanding it and transforming it from a fre...
38: * c. [[4000 BC]] - first examples of [[Sumerian]] [[writing]] in Mesopo...
49: * First to Fourth dynasty of Kish in [[Mesopotamia]].
50: ...gyptian Kingdoms, and gives birth to the worlds's first [[nation]]: [[ancient Egypt|Egypt]]. - Elamite Empire (23098 bytes)
4: ...;م in [[Persian language|Persian]]) was the first [[civilization]] based in [[Iran]], the [[Ilam...
10: The high country of Elam was increasingly identified by its low-lying later capital, [[Susa]], and g...
19: ... with the establishment of the Awan dynasty. The first attestation of the name of the kingdom is in a...
36: ...alitions against the rising power of Babylon, but Hammurabi (c. 1792 - c. 1750 BCE) was not to be denied, and...
38: ...te I attacked Samsuiluna (c. 1749 - c. 1712 BCE), Hammurabi's son, and dealt so serious a defeat to the Babyl... - Assyria (13688 bytes)
8: ...founded by Asshur the son of [[Shem]], who was deified by later generations as the city's patron god.
17: ...[Hammurabi]] of [[Babylon]] conquer Ashshur. With Hammurabi, the various ''karum'' in Anatolia ceased trade a...
19: ...independent and conquering power. Hanilgalbat was finally conquered under [[Adad-nirari I]], who descr...
25: ...gan to vie for [[Amorite]] regions formerly under firm Hittite control. The Assyrian king Ashur-resh-...
27: ...asions. He may be regarded as the founder of the first Assyrian empire.
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