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- Locomotive (16705 bytes)
7: ==Benefits of locomotives==
13: * ''Efficiency'' - idle trains do not waste expensive moti...
16: ==Classification by motive power==
21: ...entury]]) were powered by [[steam engine|steam]], first by burning [[wood]], later [[coal]] or [[oil]]...
23: ...ome years before steam locomotive design became efficient and economically practical. ''Fairy Queen'',... - Germany (46412 bytes)
19: |'''[[Official language]]''' || [[German language|German]]<s...
35: |'''Formation<br>Unification/reunification<br><br><br>'''
51: ...e|Romany]] and [[Frisian language|Frisian]] are officially recognised and protected as minority langua...
62: ...sand years, the state now known as Germany was unified as a modern nation-state only in [[1871]], when...
66: ...n strife, the [[Thirty Years War]] ([[1618]]) and finally the [[Peace of Westphalia]] ([[1648]]), that... - West Virginia (24258 bytes)
6: Seal = Wv_seal_official.png |
13: OfficialLang = [[English language|English]] |
38: ...e state's [[Northern Panhandle]] feel a greater affinity for [[Pittsburgh]], while those in the [[East...
50: ... West Virginia owed Virginia $12,393,929.50. The final installment of this sum was paid off in [[1939...
78: ...e make it look more like a European country in configuration than an American state. This is because t... - Minnesota (26682 bytes)
10: OfficialLang = None |
39: ...on known as the [[Upper Midwest]]. The most significant [[metropolitan area]] is known as the [[Minne...
51: According to local tradition, the first [[Europe]]an visitors were [[Sweden|Swedish]] ...
54: ... the [[Louisiana Purchase]], although the exact definition of that land was not assessed for many year...
59: ...os]] which have been said to be among the most profitable in the country. The earliest [[Europe]]an e... - Timeline of invention (28171 bytes)
3: ...re is ambiguity, the date of the first practical, fielded version of the invention is used here.
8: * 1 MYA: Controlled [[fire]] in [[Cradle of Humankind|Africa]]
26: * [[Cloth]] woven from [[flax]] fiber
82: * [[673]]: [[Greek fire]]: [[Kallinikos]]
84: * [[852]]: [[Parachute]]: [[Armen Firman]] - List of inventors (14020 bytes)
67: ...dolf Diesel]], (1858-1913), [[Germany]] — [[Diesel engine]]
73: ..., (1854-1932), [[United States|USA]] — roll film
83: *[[Adolf Eugen Fick]], (1829-1901) — [[contact lens]]
137: ...ited States|USA]] — [[Polaroid]] polarizing filters and the [[Land Camera]]
139: *[[Irving Langmuir]], (1851-1957), gas filled incandescent lamp, hydrogen welding - Alternative technology (2518 bytes)
1: ...ter environmental friendliness, such as greater efficiency, or different fuels or power sources.
5: ... done and how it should be funded; and which of a field of competing alternative technologies should b...
11: ...fuels for automobiles (besides [[gasoline]] and [[diesel]])
16: ** [[Biodiesel]] - Economics (30960 bytes)
19: ...onmental economics]], [[managerial economics]], [[financial economics]], [[urban economics]], [[develo...
22: * The most significant example may be [[econometrics]], which applie...
25: Other subdivisions are possible. [[Finance]] has traditionally been considered a part o...
27: ... studies how economic analysis can apply to those fields traditionally considered outside of economics...
45: ...pply and demand]]. In economic theory, the most efficient form of communication comes about when chang... - Golf (35905 bytes)
4: ... various [[golf club (equipment)|clubs]]. It is defined in the ''Rules of Golf'' as ''"playing a ball ...
6: ...up. Once the ball is on the ''green'' (an area of finely cut grass or oiled sand) the ball is usually ...
8: ...ssible. Another variant of stroke play, the ''Modified Stableford'' method, awards points on each hole...
12: ...es the green is too far away to reach it with the first stroke, so that one or more strokes are played...
14: ...unker.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Bunkers at Filton Golf Club, Bristol, England]] - Ship (18843 bytes)
2: ... boat". Often local [[law]] and regulation will define the exact size (or the number of [[mast (sailin...
4: ...essels were built with more than three masts. The five-masted ''Preussen'' was the outstanding example...
10: ...and [[tonnage]]. A number of different tonnage definitions exist; most measure [[volume]] rather than...
14: ... (or freeboard above the surface) to which a specific ship could load in water of various densities. H...
19: ...d on ships closing to [[Battering ram|ram]] or to fight hand-to-hand, [[galley]]s dominated in marine ... - Train (10331 bytes)
19: ...l and mail trains (especially [[Travelling Post Office]]s) are outwardly more like passenger trains.
21: ...reight train to be headed by three, four, or even five locomotives.
23: ...re in many countries, but were commonplace on the first 19th century railroads.
31: ...abor intensive and cleaner (but more expensive) [[diesel locomotive]]s and [[electric locomotive]]s, while...
33: ...ial cost, which can only be justified on high traffic lines. Since the cost per mile of construction ... - Aircraft (13315 bytes)
9: ==Categories and classification==
15: ...''''airplanes''''' in [[North American English]]. Fixed-wing aircraft generally use an [[internal-comb...
24: Below, we describe classifications by design, propulsion and usage.
31: ...e:Finnair.a320.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Finnair]] Airbus A320]]
33: A first division by design among aircraft is between l... - Watercraft (2566 bytes)
6: ...n't fit on a boat", and a ship ''usually'' has sufficient size to carry its own boats, such as [[lifeb...
7: * Often local [[law]] and regulation will define the exact size (or the number of [[mast]]s) tha...
8: ...e or snorkel for a supply of the air that running diesel engines requires; in contrast, nuclear-powered su...
10: ...or persons not working on board. However, neither fishing boats nor [[ferry|ferrie]]s are considered s...
12: ...e, kayak, raft, barge, [[jet ski]]) comes to mind first. (Some of these would even be considered at be... - History of rail transport (7056 bytes)
6: The first practical form of mechanized transport, railwa...
9: ...way]] in south [[London]] - arguably, the world's first public railway, albeit a horse-drawn one.
14: ...he Pennydarren ironworks in [[Wales]]. It was not financially successful, because it was too heavy for...
16: ...nal travel and for transport of goods. Evans specified that there should be separate sets of parallel ...
18: ... instead of in sunken tracks. This greatly simplified construction of [[Railroad switch|switches]] an... - Steamboat (11603 bytes)
3: ...ley|PS ''Waverley'']] leaving [[Dunoon]] on the [[Firth of Clyde]].]]
8: ...ostalgia, for [[diesel]] motor driven vessels, prefix "'''MV'''".
15: ...e, sometimes working at the same time. One of the first to propose the idea (around [[1690]]) was the ...
19: ...essfully steamed up the [[river Saône]] for fifteen minutes before the engine failed, but bureau...
21: ...aware River]], but then patent disputes dissuaded Fitch from continuing. - Hybrid vehicle (47544 bytes)
6: ...e gasoline as their sole [[fuel]] source though [[diesel]] and other fuels such as [[ethanol]] or plant ba...
8: ...ed national origin; generally, a [[Europe]]an car fitted with American mechanical components. This mea...
12: ...ious governmental agencies to engineer the next efficient and clean vehicle. The resulting hybrid pro...
14: ...y, though a number of nations continue to rely on diesel-electric fleets.
16: ...re gasoline propulsion, due to the much greater efficiencies of a central plant. Furthermore, coal is... - March 18 (10594 bytes)
16: ...s a [[short-wave radio]] transmitter becoming the first to broadcast as a [[ham radio]] operator.
28: ... for [[Hawaii]]an statehood, which would become official on [[August 21]].
31: ...st]] for [[France]] singing "Un premier amour" (A first love).
32: ...cecraft [[Voskhod 2]] for 12 minutes, becomes the first person to [[Extra-vehicular activity|walk in s...
36: ...Oil embargo crisis]]: Most [[OPEC]] nations end a five-month [[oil]] [[embargo]] against the [[United ... - Rail transport (15539 bytes)
3: .... The underlying support maintains the rails at a fixed distance ([[Rail gauge|gauge]]) apart. Usually...
8: ...t is one of the most [[energy efficiency|energy efficient]] means of mechanised land transport known. ...
9: ...ute the weight of the train evenly, allowing significantly greater loads per [[axle]]/wheel than in [[...
11: ...est modes of transport, and also makes a highly efficient use of space: a double tracked rail line can...
15: ...nd creative marketing stance and have achieved profitability as a result. - Mustard (7834 bytes)
26: ...]] liquid fuel similar to [[diesel]] fuel. The biodiesel made from mustard oil has good cold flow properti...
32: ...[rodent]]s and [[bird]]s, made mustard one of the first spices known to man. Mustard seed is found in ...
44: ...ibed all mustard-making for sale except from certified makers. - History of Germany (53864 bytes)
3: While the German people were not fully unified into a single political unit until the late 19t...
5: ..., dating from the 8th century until 1806, was the first German [[Reich]], or empire. The territory of ...
7: ...th the Roman-Germanic period and ends with the Unification of the two Germanys in [[1990]]. For furthe...
17: ...uringians, Langobardi. Around 260 AD, the Germans finally broke through the Limes and the Danube front...
23: ... [[Saint Boniface|Boniface]], who established the first monastery east of the Rhine at [[Fritzlar]]. B...
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