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- List of explorers (24013 bytes)
1: ...eplacing the [[Ford Excursion]]). For the science fiction book, see [[Expedition (book)]].''
12: ... Álvares]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]], the first to reach [[China]])
17: ...[Norway|Norwegian]], first at the [[South Pole]], first to navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in a sin...
21: ...(1796—1878), [[British Empire|British]] naval officer, several expeditions to the [[Canada|Canadian]...
23: ...9]]), [[Spain|Spanish]], first to sight the [[Pacific Ocean]], founded Darién, oldest surviving Europ... - John C. Fremont (3726 bytes)
2: ...ce of [[President of the United States]], and the first Presidential candidate of a major party to run...
5: ...s generally acknowledged that Frémont became the first European American to view [[Lake Tahoe]]. He ...
7: ...] the new Republican Party nominated him as their first [[President of the United States|presidential]...
9: ...val from command in the West on [[November 2]], [[1861]]. He was re-appointed to a different post (in [[...
15: ...dard [[Binomial nomenclature#Authorship in scientific names|botanical author abbreviation]] '''Frém.'... - November 4 (10686 bytes)
11: * [[1861]] - The [[University of Washington]] opens in [[S...
13: * [[1869]] - The first issue of the scientific journal ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' is publi...
14: ...es G. Blaine]] in a very close contest to win the first of his two non-consecutive terms.
16: ...] - [[City & South London Railway]]: [[London]]'s first deep-level [[London Underground|tube]] railway...
21: ...ish]] archaeologist [[Howard Carter]] and his men find the entrance to King [[Tutankhamen]]'s tomb in ... - Eleonora di Arborea (2091 bytes)
7: ...son Frederick, who as next male heir became the official monarch of Arborea.
11: ...n Sardinia until [[Italy|Italian]] unification in 1861.
13: ...in ornithology. As a friend of birds, she was the first to legislate protection to a certain species o... - Victoria of the United Kingdom (38571 bytes)
7: ... of Great Britain and Ireland]], she was also the first monarch to use the title [[Empress of India]].
12: ...ld I of Belgium|Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfield]] and widow of [[Karl of Leiningen|Karl, Princ...
14: ...a was taught only [[German language|German]], the first language of both her mother and her governess,...
18: ...s sixteen years old. Prince Albert was Victoria's first cousin; his father was the brother of her moth...
27: ...ng unpopular and, moreover, faced considerable difficulty in governing the British colonies. In [[Cana... - Mary Cassatt (9047 bytes)
6: ...he Fine Arts]] in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] (1861-1865). Tired of patronizing instructors and fello...
8: ...ly, but art supplies and models were difficult to find in the small town. Her father continued to resi...
12: The jury accepted her first painting for the [[Paris Salon]] in [[1872]]. ...
20: ...]]). [[Mary Cassatt]]. Oil on canvas. [[Museum of Fine Arts, Boston]].]]
21: ...orward approach. By [[1886]], she no longer identified herself with any art movement and experimented ... - George Eliot (6014 bytes)
10: In [[1857]], she published "Amos Barton," the first of the "Scenes of Clerical Life" in ''[[Blackw...
15: ...of uneven teeth and a chin and jawbone ''qui n'en finissent pas''... Now in this vast ugliness reside...
30: * ''[[Silas Marner]]'' (1861)
49: She also wrote a considerable amount of fine poetry. - Clara Barton (9023 bytes)
1: ...ht|thumb|''Famed American [[nurse]] Clara Barton, first president of the [[American Red Cross]]'']]
2: ...nfusion with her date of birth, as her birth certificate says the 25th, while her family members say t...
12: ...cation, and despite opposition, set up one of the first free public schools in the state.
14: ...nited States Patent and Trademark Office|Patent Office]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] where she learned the...
21: ...s, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the sieges of P... - Florence Nightingale (15657 bytes)
9: ...t to nursing, a career with a poor reputation and filled mostly by poorer women. Traditionally, the ro...
11: ...ading advocate for improved medical care in the infirmaries and immediately engaged the support of [[C...
19: ...ightingale's pioneering work in Crimea and in the field of nursing, and Nightingale became a key advis...
27: ...ts began to filter back to Britain about the horrific conditions for the wounded. On [[October 21]], [...
31: ... for by overworked medical staff in the face of official indifference. [[Medicine]]s were in short sup... - Mary Edwards Walker (4835 bytes)
6: ...[corsets]], were not healthy and advocated looser fitting clothing.
10: ...e Cumberland in September, [[1863]], becoming the first ever female U.S. Army Surgeon.
12: ...r the medal, specifically for her services at the First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas).
16: ...eal to the sick and wounded soldiers, both in the field and hospitals, to the detriment of her own hea...
18: ...ereas by reason of her not being a commissioned officer in the military service, a brevet or honorary ... - Lillian Russell (2418 bytes)
1: ...'' ('''Helen Louise Leonard''') ([[December 4]],[[1861]] - [[June 6]],[[1922]]) was an [[United States o...
5: Born in [[Clinton, Iowa]] in 1861, Helen Louise Leonard would become one of the mos...
7: ...he new guise of "Lillian Russell", Helen made her first appearance on the august [[stage]] at [[Tony P...
9: ... the men and the women of the audience. Since her first appearance at Tony Pastor's she was also the s...
11: ...ater]] in New York and the company of [[Weber and Fields]]. - President of the United States (42878 bytes)
5: ...d is usually one of the world's best-known public figures. During the [[Cold War]], the President was ...
7: ...head of government in a [[republic]]. Today the office is widely emulated all over the world in nation...
11: == Requirements to hold office ==
14: ...mmigrants to American society. Prominent public officials that are barred from the presidency because ...
16: ...wo four-year terms or a maximum of ten years in office should he have succeeded to the Presidency prev... - George Washington (29551 bytes)
19: ...ary War]] ([[1775]]–[[1783]]) and later the first [[President of the United States]] under the [...
21: ...generally recognized as one of the most important figures in U.S. history. Unlike many other [[revolut...
26: ... he trained as a [[surveyor]] (obtaining his certificate from the [[College of William and Mary]]) and...
31: ... now commissioned a [[lieutenant colonel]] in the First Virginia Regiment, led a mission into the Ohio...
33: ...ton was acclaimed as a hero, and he commanded the First Virginia Regiment throughout the rest of war. ... - James Madison (15187 bytes)
21: ...fferson]]. In this capacity he became a prominent figure in [[Virginia]] state politics, helping to dr...
25: ...[[Federalist Papers]], which are considered the definitive contemporary commentary on the [[Constituti...
27: Madison wrote thirty of the eighty-five essays that comprise the Federalist Papers. His...
29: ... men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable government to control the governed; and...
31: ... federal government to form its own bank that the first political parties in the United States were fo... - John Tyler (18019 bytes)
6: <tr><td>'''Term of Office:'''</td><td>[[April 4]], [[1841]] - [[March 4]]...
13: <tr><td>'''[[First Lady of the United States|First Ladies]]:'''</td><td>[[Letitia Christian Tyler...
21: ... of Independence]], and the first to assume the office of President following the death of his predece...
25: ... aggressive handling of the South Carolina [[nullification]] issue.
29: ... (until the [[1967]] ratification of the [[Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution|25... - George M. Dallas (3858 bytes)
5: ...rty|Democrat]] to the [[United States Senate]] to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of [[Isaa...
9: ... President [[Franklin Pierce]] from [[1856]] to [[1861]], when he returned to Philadelphia, and died the...
20: ...ed States]]|before=[[John Tyler]]|after=[[Millard Fillmore]]| years=[[March 4]], [[1845]] – [[Ma...
21: ...anan]]|after=[[Charles Francis Adams]]|years=1856-1861}} - Franklin Pierce (19017 bytes)
7: | preceded=[[Millard Fillmore]]
18: ...illiam R. King]] won in a landslide, beating [[Winfield Scott]] by a 50 to 44 percent margin in the po...
22: ...easy and good at the political game, charming and fine and handsome. And he was genuinely religious. A...
49: ...tes Whig Party|Whig]] candidate, [[General]] [[Winfield Scott]] of [[Virginia]], whom Pierce served un...
53: ...ast presidential contest in which the Whigs would field a candidate. In [[1854]], the Kansas-Nebraska ... - James Buchanan (15634 bytes)
13: | '''Term of Office:'''
14: | [[March 4]], [[1857]]–[[March 4]], [[1861]]
37: | '''[[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]]:'''
50: ...[[resident]] of [[Pennsylvania]] to hold that [[office]]. He has been criticized for failing to preve...
53: ...hairman of the Committee on the Judiciary (Twenty-first Congress). He was not a candidate for renomin... - Abraham Lincoln (48771 bytes)
12: | '''Term of office:'''
13: | [[March 4]], [[1861]] – [[April 15]], [[1865]]
28: | '''[[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]]:'''
38: *[[Hannibal Hamlin]] ([[1861]]-[[1865]])
42: ...65]]) [[President of the United States]], and the first president from the [[United States Republican ... - Ulysses S. Grant (23281 bytes)
6: <tr><td>'''Term of Office:'''</td><td>[[March 4]], [[1869]] – [[Mar...
13: <tr><td>'''[[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]]:'''</td><td>[[Julia Grant]]</td></tr>
32: ...nd although Grant protested the change, it was difficult to resist the [[bureaucracy]]. Upon graduatio...
39: ...e agent in [[St. Louis, Missouri|St. Louis]], and finally an assistant in the leather shop owned by hi...
41: ...he 21st Illinois Infantry (effective [[June 17]], 1861). On [[August 7]], Grant was appointed a [[brigad...
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