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- List of explorers (24013 bytes)
1: ...eplacing the [[Ford Excursion]]). For the science fiction book, see [[Expedition (book)]].''
12: ... Álvares]] ([[16th century]] [[Portuguese]], the first to reach [[China]])
17: ...[Norway|Norwegian]], first at the [[South Pole]], first to navigate the [[Northwest Passage]] in a sin...
21: ...(1796—1878), [[British Empire|British]] naval officer, several expeditions to the [[Canada|Canadian]...
23: ...9]]), [[Spain|Spanish]], first to sight the [[Pacific Ocean]], founded Darién, oldest surviving Europ... - Anne of Great Britain (22303 bytes)
8: ...ngdom of Great Britain|Kingdom]], Anne became the first Sovereign of [[Great Britain]]. She continued ...
15: ...ames, Duke of York, (afterwards James II) and his first wife, the [[Lady Anne Hyde]] (daughter of [[Ed...
17: ...Catholicism. Princess Anne, however, declared her firm adherence to [[Anglicanism]]; James II continue...
22: ...te monarch), Mary II dismissed him from all his offices. Lady Marlborough was subsequently removed fro...
24: ...our by restoring Lord Marlborough to all of his offices. In return, Princess Anne publicly supported W... - Mary II of England (12093 bytes)
8: ...ver, govern the realm when her husband was abroad fighting wars.
11: ...the Duke of York (the future James II) and of his first wife, the [[Lady Anne Hyde]]. Mary's uncle was...
15: ...d improve his popularity amongst Protestants. The first cousins Mary and William married in London on ...
20: ...into negotiations with Mary's husband as early as 1687. After James took the suicidal step of forcing An...
22: ...landed on [[5 November]]. The English people's confidence in James stood so low that they did not atte... - Scientific revolution (17675 bytes)
1: ...some claiming that the proper start of the scientific revolution was the publication of ''De revolutio...
3: ... seventeenth century was a period of major scientific change. But at that time the word "[[science]]" ...
7: ...o the nature and even the existence of the scientific revolution. To some extent this arises from diff...
9: ...ervers, it seems entirely clear that ''a'' scientific revolution took place around the year [[1600]]. ...
11: ... may be summarized in the following lists of significant advances in science: - Comet (30542 bytes)
9: ...the solar wind than dust is, and follows magnetic field lines rather than an orbital trajectory. Whil...
21: Comets are classified according to their orbital periods. ''Short per...
33: Until [[1994]], comets were first given a provisional designation consisting of ...
35: ...}} So Halley's Comet, the first comet to be identified as periodic, has the systemic designation 1P/16...
43: ...planets, on the grounds that while the planets confined their motion to the circle of the [[Zodiac]], ... - History of science (41710 bytes)
2: ...estigating the [[universe]] known as the [[scientific method]]. The '''history of science''' traces th...
4: ...al that older inquiries are known as ''pre-scientific''. Still, many place ancient [[natural philosoph...
6: ...e, notably [[ethics]]. In practice, each of these fields is heavily used by the others as an external ...
11: ...owledge, and to de-emphasize the view that scientific data is self-evident, value-free, and context-fr...
13: ...; and [[Paul Feyerabend]], who argued that scientific knowledge is not cumulative or progressive, and ... - Robert Hooke (5017 bytes)
2: ...ntury]], played an important role in the [[scientific revolution]].
6: ...ild London after the [[Great Fire of London|Great Fire]] in [[1666]]. He worked on designing the [[Roy...
12: ... uncoils with a natural periodicity, allowing for fine adjustment of the period of ticks. Modern sprin...
14: ...]. However, Hooke's microscopes achieved 30x magnification, which far outstripped the capabilities of ...
16: ...ar]]. He also receives credit with inventing the first practical [[universal joint]], sometimes calle... - Isaac Newton (23339 bytes)
2: ...Principia Mathematica]]'' (published [[5 July]] [[1687]]<sup id="fn_1_back">[[#fn_1|1]]</sup>), where he...
4: ...le]]s (see [[wave-particle duality]]). He was the first to realise that the spectrum of [[color|colour...
6: ...rvation of [[momentum]] and [[angular momentum]]. Finally, he studied the speed of sound in air, and v...
14: ...her also said that his body at that time can even fit inside a quart mug. His father had died three mo...
25: ...;Sir Isaac Newton walking in his gardens, had the first thought of his system of gravitation, upon see... - Parthenon (12682 bytes)
3: ...ece]] in the [[Persian Wars]]. The building was officially called the '''Temple of Athena the Virgin''...
9: ... continued until at least [[433 BC]]. Some of the financial accounts for the Parthenon survive, and sh...
11: ...ver built. Even in antiquity, its architectural refinements were legendary, especially the subtle corr...
31: ...rther. European visitors in the 17th century testified that the building was largely intact.
33: ...enetians]] attacked Athens, and the Ottomans fortified the Acropolis and used the Parthenon as a powde... - Benjamin Franklin (22881 bytes)
2: ...Royal Society]]. In [[1775]], Franklin became the first [[United States Postmaster General]].
4: ...edical [[catheter]], the [[lightning rod]], [[swimfin]]s, improvements to the [[glass harmonica]], and...
13: ...[1688]]), and Joseph ([[June 30]], [[1689]]) (the first Joseph having died soon after birth).
15: Josiah's first wife Anne died in Boston on [[July 9]], [[1689...
23: ...now the [[Church of St Batholomew the Great, Smithfield]]. Following this he returned to Philadelphia ... - March 19 (9902 bytes)
7: *[[1687]] - Explorer [[Robert Cavelier de La Salle]], sea...
8: ...[[City Bank of New York]] becomes the site of the first [[bank robbery]] in [[United States history]] ...
9: *[[1861]] - The [[First Taranaki War]] ends in [[New Zealand]].
12: ... [[Pluto (planet)|Pluto]] is photographed for the first time but was not recognized as a [[planet]].
13: ...anes take off in pursuit of [[Pancho Villa]], the first [[United States]] air-combat mission in histor... - March 22 (9294 bytes)
10: ...nt]] passes the [[Stamp Act 1765|Stamp Act]], the first direct tax levied from [[England]] on the Amer...
12: ...governor of a [[U.S. state]] to be removed from office by [[impeachment]].
14: *[[1894]] - The first playoff game for the [[Stanley Cup]] starts.
15: *[[1895]] - First display (a private screening) of [[motion pict...
23: ...onard Schawlow]] & [[Charles Townes]] receive the first [[patent]] for a [[laser]]. - Astronomer (4344 bytes)
18: ...y believed geocentric model of universe and classified stars by [[Apparent magnitude|magnitude]].
21: |First known person to propound the [[Heliocentrism|h...
27: |This Persian astronomer gave the first extant exposition of the whole system of plane...
30: |Was the first to use the [[telescope]] to observe the sky. ...
36: ...Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' ([[1687]]), containing the "[[Newton's laws of motion]]",... - List of astronomers (40322 bytes)
29: *[['Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi]], ([[Persia]], [[903]] – [[986]])
205: *[[Erwin Findlay-Freundlich]] ([[1885]] – [[1964]])
275: ...hannes Hevelius]] ([[Poland]], [[1611]] – [[1687]])
375: *[[George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield]] ([[Britain]], c. [[1697]] – [[1764]])
405: ...iniano Montanari]] ([[Italy]], [[1633]] – [[1687]]) - List of philosophers (79981 bytes)
6: *[[Firmin Abauzit]], (1679-1767)
267: *[[Claude Buffier]], (1661-1737){{fn|R}}
348: *[[Andrea Christofidou]]
387: *[[Lady Anne Finch Conway]], (1631-1679){{fn|C}}{{fn|O}}{{fn|R}}
430: *[[Bruno de Finetti]], (1906-1985){{fn|O}} - Ottoman Empire (15917 bytes)
16: | '''[[Official language]]'''
53: ...the ''Ottoman Principality''. [[Murad I]] was the first Ottoman to claim the title of [[sultan]] (king...
57: ... II]], [[Selim I]] and [[Suleyman I]]. The scientific advantage the Ottomans had over the other Europe...
58: In 1699, for the first time in its history the Ottomans acknowledged ...
66: ... [[Gallipoli]] and [[Palestine]] campaigns, was offically sent from occupied Istanbul to take control ... - Ur (11926 bytes)
11: ...ecame the effective rulers of [[Sumer]], in the [[first dynasty of Ur]], which was established by the ...
13: The first dynasty was ended by an attack by [[Sargon of ...
15: ... of Hammurabi]]. After his death he became a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Sumerian liter...
26: ...ook of Jubilees]]'' states that Ur was founded in 1687 ''Anno Mundi'' (year of the world) by 'Ur son of ...
33: The first excavation was made by [[United Kingdom|Britis... - Silicon (13233 bytes)
6: {{Elementbox_econfig | [[[neon|Ne]]] 3s<sup>2</sup> 3p<sup>2<...
12: {{Elementbox_meltingpoint | k=1687 | c=1414 | f=2577 }}
47: ... Pure silicon has a negative [[temperature]] co-efficient of [[resistance]], since the number of free ...
58: ... they are widely used in applications such as artificial [[breast implant]]s and contact lenses.
63: ...ely the same method of Lussac. Berzelius also purified the product by repeatedly washing it. - Physics (25628 bytes)
30: ...ic field]], [[Magnetic field]], [[Electromagnetic field]], [[Electromagnetic radiation]], [[Magnetic m...
37: ...mulation]], [[Schr�dinger equation]], [[Quantum field theory]]
45: === Major fields of physics ===
47: ...her units of matter are constructed. Finally, the field of [[astrophysics]] applies the laws of physic...
50: !Field ||Subfields || Major theories || Concepts
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